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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao weng Adam m.R.Groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.wayne moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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Effective data sampling strategies and boundary condition constraints of physics-informed neural networks for identifying material properties in solid mechanics

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第7期44卷 1039-1068页

作者： w.wU m.DANEKER m.A.JOLLEY K.T.TURNER L.LU Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care medicine Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19104U.S.A. Division of Pediatric Cardiology Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19104U.S.A. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104U.S.A. Department of mechanical Engineering and Applied mechanics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104U.S.A.

material identification is critical for understanding the relationship between mechanical properties and the associated mechanical ***,material identification is a challenging task,especially when the characteristic of the material is highly nonlinear in nature,as is common in biological *** this work,we identify unknown material properties in continuum solid mechanics via physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).To improve the accuracy and efficiency of PINNs,we develop efficient strategies to nonuniformly sample observational *** also investigate different approaches to enforce Dirichlet-type boundary conditions(BCs)as soft or hard ***,we apply the proposed methods to a diverse set of time-dependent and time-independent solid mechanic examples that span linear elastic and hyperelastic material *** estimated material parameters achieve relative errors of less than 1%.As such,this work is relevant to diverse applications,including optimizing structural integrity and developing novel materials.

关键词： solid mechanics material identification physics-informed neural network(PINN) data sampling boundary condition(BC)constraint

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Effect of layer sliding on the interfacial electronic properties of intercalated silicene/indium selenide van der waals heterostructure

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2022年第3期74卷 112-118页

作者： masood Yousaf m w Younis Ahmed S Jbara m Junaid Iqbal Khan G murtaza m A Saeed Department of Physics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of Management and TechnologyC-IIJohar TownLahore54770Pakistan mathematics Department College of Education for Pure ScienceAl-Muthanna UniversitySamawah66001Iraq Laboratory of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Department of PhysicsBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan materials modelling Lab Department of PhysicsIslamia College PeshawarKPPakistan Department of mathematics&Natural Sciences Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityP.O.Box 1664Alkhobar 31952Saudi Arabia

methods capable of tuning the properties of van der waals(vdw)layered materials in a controlled and reversible manner are highly *** electronic properties of two-dimensional vdw heterostructure consisting of silicene and indium selenide(InSe)have been calculated using density functional theory-based computational ***,in order to vary the aforementioned properties,silicene is slid over a InSe layer in the presence of Li *** intercalation of the heterostructure,the buckling parameter associated with the corrugation of silicene decreases from 0.44A to 0.36A,whereas the InSe structure remains *** energy scans reveal a significant increase in the sliding energy barrier for the case of intercalated heterostructure as compared with the unintercalated *** sliding of the silicene encounters the maximum energy barrier of 0.14 *** analysis shows the noteworthy differences between calculated in-plane and out-of-plane part of dielectric function.A variation of the planar average charge density difference,dipole charge transfer and dipole moment have been discussed to elucidate the usability spectrum of the *** employed approach based on intercalation and layer sliding can be effectively utilized for obtaining next-generation multifunctional devices.

关键词： vdw heterostructure intercalation tuning of properties layer sliding interfacial electronic properties

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Study of Thermal and Hydraulic Performances of Circular and Square Ribbed Rough microchannels Using LBm

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Journal of Thermal Science 2015年第6期24卷 549-556页

作者： m.A.Taher H.D.Kim Y.w Lee Department of mechanical and Automotive Engineering Pukyong National University Department of mechanical Engineering Andong National University

The effects of roughness geometries and relative roughness height at the slip flow regime to investigate the thermal and hydraulic performances of microchannel have been considered in the present article using a thermal Lattice Boltzmann method(TLBm).A two dimensional 9-bit(D2Q9)single relaxation time(SRT)model is used to simulate this *** micro-flows,the local density variation is still relatively small,but the total density changes,therefore,in order to account this density variation and its effect on the kinematic viscosityν,a new relaxation time proposed by Niu et al.[13]is *** roughness geometry is modeled as a series of square and circular riblets with a relative roughness height from 0%to 10%of the channel *** friction coefficients in terms of Poiseuille number(Pn)and the dimensionless heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number(Nu)have been discussed in order to analyze the roughness *** thermal-hydraulic performance(η)is calculated considering the simultaneous effects of thermal and fluid friction(pressure drop)at the slip flow regime at Knudsen number,Kn,ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 with other controlling parameters for both kind of *** results have been compared with previous published works and it is found to be in very good agreement.

关键词： Lattice-Boltzmann Friction factor Knudsen number Surface Roughness

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A Comparison between Direct and Indirect Laser Sintering of metals

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2008年第2期24卷 227-232页

作者： montasser m.Dewidar Jae-Kyoo LIm K.w.Dalgarno Department of mechanical Design and materials High Institute of EnergySouth Valley UniversityAswanEgypt Automobile Hi-Technology Research Intitute Faculty of Mechanical & Aerospace System EngineeringChonbuk National UniversityDuckjin 1-664-14JeonjuJB 561-756South Korea School of mechanical and Systems Engineering Stephenson BuildingClaremont RoadNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom

Layer manufacture technologies are gaining increasing attention in the manufacturing for the production of polymer mould tooling. Layer manufacture techniques can be used in this potential manufacturing area to produce tooling either indirectly or directly, and powder metal based layer manufacture systems are considered as an effective way of producing rapid tooling. mechanical properties and accuracy are critical for tooling. This paper reports the results of an experimental study examining the potential of layer manufacturing processes to deliver production tooling for polymer manufacture. A comparison between indirectly selective laser sintering and directly selective laser sintering to provide the tooling was reported. Three main areas were addressed during the study： mechanical strength, accuracy, and build rate. Overviews of the results from the studies were presented.

关键词： Selective laser sintering Layer manufacture mould tooling Rapid tooling

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Comparative Study of Plasma Parameters in magnetic Pole Enhanced Inductively Coupled Argon Plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第4期15卷 329-334页

作者： F.JAN A.w. KHAN A.SAEED m.ZAKAULLAH Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Physics Gomal University

Langmuir probe measurements of radio frequency （RF） magnetic pole enhanced inductively coupled （maPE-ICP） argon plasma were accomplished to obtain the electron number densities and electron temperatures. The measurements were carried out with a fixed RF frequency of 13.56 mHz in a pressure range of 7.5 mTorr to 75 mTorr at an applied RF power of 10 w and 100 w. These results are compared with a global （volume average） model. The results show good agreement between theoretical and experimental measurements. The electron number density shows an increasing trend with both RF power and pressure while the electron temperature shows decreasing trend as the pressure increases. The difference in the plasma potentim and floating potential as a function of electron temperature measured from the electrical probe and that obtained theoretically shows a linear relation with a small difference in the coefficient of proportionality. The intensity of the emission line at 750.4 nm due to 2pl → 1s2 （Paschen＇s notation） transition closely follows the variation of ne with RF power and filling gas pressure. measured electron energy probability function （EEPF） shows that electron occupation changes mostly in the high-energy tail, which highlights close similarity of 750.4 nm argon line to he.

关键词： maPE-ICP Langmuir probe global model

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On Identical Problems of Natural Convection in Enclosures and Applications of the Identity Character

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Journal of Thermal Science 1993年第2期2卷 116-125页

作者： Yang, m. Tao, w.Q. wang, Q.w. Lui, S.S. Xi'an Jiaotong Univ Xi'an China

In this paper, a concept of 'identical problems' of natural convection in enclosures is presented. A pair of problems of natural convection in enclosures is said to be identical if they look different in appearance but with appropriate selection of coordinates and appropriate definition of dimensionless variables for each problem, they will have identical geometric configurations and identical dimensionless governing equations and related boundary conditions. The identical characteristics of a pair of problems of natural convection in enclosures with an internal isolated island are demonstrated via dimensionless mathematical formulation and flow visualization results. Numerical computations are performed and the predicted streamlines agree with the flow visualization results. A number of other possible pairs of identical problems are also presented. Applications of the identical character are provided and assumptions under which the identical problems may exist are discussed.

关键词： natural convection enclosure flow identical problems

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microbial community coalescence and nitrogen cycling in simulated mortality decomposition hotspots

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 608-624页

作者： Sarah w.Keenan Alexandra L.Emmons Jennifer m.DeBruyn Department of Geology and Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology501 East St.Joseph StreetRapidSD 57701USA Department of Anthropology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee2506 E.J.Chapman DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Background The pulsed introduction of dead plant and animal material into soils represents one of the primary mechanisms for returning organic carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)compounds to biogeochemical *** of animal carcasses provides a high C and N resource that stimulates indigenous environmental microbial communities and introduces non-indigenous,carcass-derived microbes to the ***,the dynamics of the coalesced microbial communities,and the relative contributions of environment-and carcass-derived microbes to C and N cycling are *** test whether environment-derived,carcass-derived,or the combined microbial communities exhibited a greater influence on C and N cycling,we conducted controlled laboratory experiments that combined carcass decomposition fluids and soils to simulate carcass decomposition *** selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities and create different combinations of environment-and carcass-derived communities and incubated the treatments under three temperatures(10,20,and 30℃).Results Carcass-derived bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios,albeit at low *** communities had higher respiration rates at 10 and 30℃ compared to soil or carcass communities ***,at higher temperatures,mixed communities had reduced diversity,but higher respiration,suggesting functional *** communities treatments also provided evidence that carcass-associated microbes may be contributing to ammonification and denitrification,but that nitrification is still primarily carried out by native soil *** Our work yields insight into the dynamics of microbial communities that are coalescing during carcass decomposition,and how they contribute to recycling carcasses in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carcass decomposition microcosm Nitrogen Carbon Biogeochemical cycling Coalescence

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Numerical Analysis of the Behavior of A New Aeronautical Alloy (Ti555-03) Under the Effect of A High-Speed water Jet

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第1期33卷 114-126页

作者： I.Ben Belgacem L.Cheikh E.m.Barhoumi w.Khan w.Ben Salem Laboratoire de Génie mécanique Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de MonastirUniversité de Monastir Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d’Ingénieur de monastir Université de Monastir Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringDhofar University University of waterloo Institut Supérieur des Arts et métiers de mahdia Université de Monastir

In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of a water jet impacting a new aeronautical material Ti555-03 *** Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) behavior of the jet is investigated using a FV(Finite Volume) *** Fluid–Structure Interaction(FSI) is studied using a coupled SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)-FE(Finite Element) method. The jets hit the metal sheet with an initial velocity 500 m/s. Two configurations which differ from each other by the position(angle of inclination) of the plate relatively to the axis of revolution of the jet inlet are investigated in this study. The objective of this study is to predict the impact of the fluid produced at high pressure and high speed especially at the first moment of impact. Numerical simulations are carried out under ABAQUS. we have shown in this study that the inclination of the titanium alloy plate by 45° stimulates the phenomenon of recirculation of water. This affects the velocity profile, turbulence and boundary layers in the impact zone. The stagnation zone and the phenomenon of water recirculation are strongly influenced by the slope of the plate which gives a pressure gradient and displacement very important between the two configurations. Fluctuations of physical variables(displacement and pressure) prove the need for a noise and vibratory study. These predictions will subsequently be used for the modeling of the problem of an orthogonal cut in a high-speed machining process assisted by high-pressure water jet.

关键词： Titanium alloy(Ti555-03) CFD turbulence ABAQUS Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH) Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI)

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Reliability of quasi integrable and non-resonant Hamiltonian systems under fractional Gaussian noise excitation

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Acta mechanica Sinica 2020年第4期36卷 902-909页

作者： Q.F.Lu w.Q.Zhu m.L.Deng Department of mechanics State-Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The reliability of quasi integrable and non-resonant Hamiltonian system under fractional Gaussian noise(fGn)excitation is *** rather flat fGn power spectral density(PSD)in most part of frequency band,the fGn is innovatively regarded as a wide-band ***,the stochastic averaging method for quasi integrable Hamiltonian systems under wide-band noise excitation is applied to reduce 2n-dimensional original system into n-dimensional averaged ltd stochastic differential equations(SDEs).Reliability function and mean first passage time are obtained by solving the associated backward Kolmogorov equation and Pontryagin *** validity of the proposed procedure is tested by applying it to an example and comparing the numerical results with those from monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： Reliability Fkst passage time Quasi integrable and non-resonant Hamiltonian systems Fractional Gauss noise

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