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Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health,postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 493-503页

作者： S.meier J.K.Kay B.Kuhn-Sherlock A.Heiser m.D.mitchell m.A.Crookenden m.vailati riboni J.J.Loor J.R.Roche DairyNZ Limited Private Bag 3221Hamilton 3240New Zealand AgResearch Hopkirk Research InstituteGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston North 4442New Zealand Centre for Children’s Health Research Queensland University of TechnologyLevel 662 Graham StreetSouth BrisbaneQueensland 4101Australia DairyNZ Limited c/o University of Auckland3A Symonds StAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA ministry for Primary Industries-manatūAhu matua Charles Ferguson TowerPipiteaWellington 6140New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland 1142New Zealand

Background:In seasonal,pasture-based,dairy production systems,cows must recover from calving and become pregnant within two to 3 *** achieve this,the uterus must involute and ovulation must occur and continue at regular *** these processes are affected by the cows’nutritional or metabolic status post-calving,the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow feeding strategies on uterine health,the length of postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive *** treatments consisted of two feeding strategies during late-lactation and early dry period(far-off period;starting 4-month pre-calving)and three close-up dry period feeding regimes(1-month pre-calving)in a 2×3 factorial *** randomly assigned 150 cows to one of two far-off *** late lactation,the herds(n=75 cows per herd)were either control-fed(Controlfed)or over-fed(Overfed)to achieve a low or high body condition score(4-month pre-calving;BCS;~4.25 and^4.75;10-point scale)at cessation of *** each of these treatments,three feeding levels were applied during the close-up period(1-month pre-calving):~65%(Feed65),~90%(Feed90),or^120%(Feed120)of metabolizable energy(mE)intakes relative to pre-calving ***:Uterine health improved(***(PmN)cells declined)with increased feeding during the close-up period for cows in the Overfed *** reverse was evident for the Controlfed group with the greatest PmN at the highest intakes during the close-up *** postpartum anoestrous interval(PPAI)was shorter in cows from the Overfed group when moderately fed(Feed90)during the close-up period;in comparison,the PPAI was shorter in the Controlfed group,when those cows were overfed in the close-up period(Feed120).The cows in the Overfed treatment had greater conception and pregnancy rates if cows had moderate dry matter intakes(Feed90)during the close-up period;these reproductive variables were less under excessive feed inta

关键词： Close-up Dairy cows Far-off Reproduction Transition period

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Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves udder health and immune response to a Streptococcus uberis mastitis challenge in mid-lactation dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1351-1369页

作者： m.vailati-riboni D.N.Coleman V.Lopreiato A.Alharthi R.E.Bucktrout E.Abdel-Hamied I.martinez-Cortes Y.Liang E.Trevisi I.Yoon J.J.Loor Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Animal Sciences Food and Nutrition(DIANA)UniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Animal medicine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef 62511Egypt Agricultural and Animal Production Department UAM-Xochimilco04960 Mexico CityMexico Diamond V Cedar RapidsIAUSA

Background:We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product(NTK)in response to a mastitis *** mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows(n=9/group)were fed the control diet(CON)or CON supplemented with 19 g/d NTK for 45 d(phase 1,P1)and then infected in the right rear quarter with 2500 CFU of Streptococcus uberis(phase 2,P2).After 36-h,mammary gland and liver biopsies were collected and antibiotic treatment started until the end of P2(9 d post challenge).Cows were then followed until day 75(phase 3,P3).milk yield(mY)and dry matter intake(DmI)were recorded *** samples for somatic cell score were collected,and rectal and udder temperature,heart and respiration rate were recorded during the challenge period(P2)together with blood samples for metabolite and immune function *** were analyzed by phase using the PROC mIXED procedure in *** were used for transcriptomic analysis via RNA-sequencing,followed by pathway ***:DmI and mY were not affected by diet in P1,but an interaction with time was recorded in P2 indicating a better recovery from the challenge in NTK compared with *** reduced rectal temperature,somatic cell score,and temperature of the infected quarter during the *** data supported these findings,as NTK supplementation upregulated mammary genes related to immune cell antibacterial function(e.g.,CATHL4,NOS2),epithelial tissue protection(***17C),and anti-inflammatory activity(e.g.,ATF3,BAG3,IER3,G-CSF,GRO1,ZFAND2A).Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of tumor necrosis factorα,heat shock protein response,and p21 related pathways in the response to mastitis in NTK *** pathways for detoxification and cytoprotection functions along with the tight junction pathway were also upregulated in NTK-fed ***:Overall,results highlighted molecular networks involved in the protective effect

关键词： Dairy cow mastitis RNA-sequencing Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product Udder health

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Expression of fatty acid sensing G-protein coupled receptors in peripartal Holstein cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 660-669页

作者： Alea Agrawal Abdulrahman Alharthi mario vailati-riboni Zheng Zhou Juan J.Loor mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of illinois1207 West Gregory DriveUrbanaIL 61801USA

Background： G-protein coupled receptors（GPCR）, also referred as Free Fatty Acid Receptors（FFAR）, are widely studied within human medicine as drug targets for metabolic disorders. To combat metabolic disorders prevalent in dairy cows during the transition period, which co-occur with negative energy balance and changes to lipid and glucose metabolism, it may be helpful to identify locations and roles of FFAR and other members of the GPCR family in bovine ***： Quantitative RT-PCR（qPCR） of subcutaneous adipose, liver, and PmNL samples during the transition period（-10, ＋7, and ＋20 or ＋30 d） were used for expression profiling of medium-（mCFA） and long-chain fatty acid（LCFA）receptors GPR120 and GPR40, mCFA receptor GPR84, and niacin receptor HCAR2/3. Adipose samples were obtained from cows with either high（HI; BCS ≥ 3.75） or low（LO; BCS ≤ 3.25） body condition score（BCS） to examine whether FFAR expression is correlated with this indicator of health and body reserves. Supplementation of rumen-protected methionine（mET）, which may improve immune function and production postpartum, was also compared with unsupplemented control（CON） cows for liver and blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes（PmNL） samples. In adipose tissue, GPR84 and GPR120 were differentially expressed over time, while GPR40 was not expressed; in PmNL, GPR40 was differentially expressed over time and between mET vs. CON, GPR84 expression differed only between dietary groups, and GPR120 was not expressed; in liver, GPCR were either not expressed or barely ***： The data indicate that there is likely not a direct role in liver for the selected GPCR during the transition period, but they do play variable roles in adipose and PmN. In future, these receptors may prove useful targets and/or markers for peripartal metabolism and immunity.

关键词： Inflammation methionine Neutrophils Transition cow

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Supplemental Smartamine m in higher-energy diets during the prepartal period improves hepatic biomarkers of health and oxidative status in Holstein cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 624-635页

作者： mario vailati-riboni Johan S.Osorio Erminio Trevisi Daniel Luchini Juan J.Loor mammalian Nutri Physio Genomics Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Istituto di Zootecnica Facolt àdi Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e AmbientaliUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly Adisseo NA AlpharettaGA 30022USA. Dairy and Food Science Department South Dakota State University1111 College Ave113H Alfred DairyScience HallBrookings SD 57007USA

Background： Feeding higher-energy prepartum is a common practice in the dairy industry. However, recent data underscore how it could reduce performance, deepen negative energy balance, and augment inflammation and oxidative stress in fresh cows. We tested the effectiveness of rumen-protected methionine in preventing the negative effect of feeding a higher-energy prepartum. multiparous Holstein cows were fed a control lower-energy diet（CON, 1.24 mcal/kg Dm; high-straw） during the whole dry period（-50 d）, or were switched to a higher-energy（OVE, 1.54 mcal/kg Dm）, or OVE plus Smartamine m（OVE ＋ Sm; Adisseo NA） during the last 21 d before *** cows received the same lactation diet（1.75 mcal/kg Dm）. Smartamine m was top-dressed on the OVE diet（0.07% of Dm） from -21 through 30 d in milk（DIm）. Liver samples were obtained via percutaneous biopsy at -10, 7 and 21 DIm. Expression of genes associated with energy and lipid metabolism, hepatokines, methionine cycle, antioxidant capacity and inflammation was ***： Postpartal dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk were higher in CON and OVE ＋ Sm compared with OVE. Furthermore, milk protein and fat percentages were greater in OVE ＋ Sm compared with CON and OVE. Expression of the gluconeogenic gene PCK1 and the lipid-metabolism transcription regulator PPARA was again greater with CON and OVE ＋ Sm compared with OVE. Expression of the lipoprotein synthesis enzyme mTTP was lower in OVE ＋ Sm than CON or OVE. Similarly, the hepatokine FGF21, which correlates with severity of negative energy balance, was increased postpartum only in OVE compared to the other two groups. These results indicate greater liver metabolism and functions to support a greater production in OVE ＋ Sm. At 7 DIm, the enzyme GSR involved in the synthesis of glutathione tended to be upregulated in OVE than CON-fed cows, suggesting a greater antioxidant demand in overfed cows. Feeding OVE ＋ Sm resulted in lower similar express

关键词： Energy methionine Nutrigenomics Transition period

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multifaceted role of one-carbon metabolism on immunometabolic control and growth during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 82-109页

作者： Danielle N.Coleman Abdulrahman S.Alharthi Yusheng Liang matheus Gomes Lopes Vincenzo Lopreiato mario vailati-riboni Juan J.Loor Department of Animal Sciences Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA .2Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia .3Department of Animal Sciences Food and NutritionFaculty of AgricultureFood and Environmental ScienceUniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly.

Dairy cattle undergo dramatic metabolic, endocrine, physiologic and immune changes during the peripartal period largely due to combined increases in energy requirements for fetal growth and development, milk production, and decreased dry matter intake. The negative nutrient balance that develops results in body fat mobilization,subsequently leading to triacylglycerol(TAG) accumulation in the liver along with reductions in liver function,immune dysfunction and a state of inflammation and oxidative stress. mobilization of muscle and gluconeogenesis are also enhanced, while intake of vitamins and minerals is decreased, contributing to metabolic and immune dysfunction and oxidative stress. Enhancing post-ruminal supply of methyl donors is one approach that may improve immunometabolism and production synergistically in peripartal cows. At the cellular level, methyl donors(e.g. methionine, choline, betaine and folic acid) interact through one-carbon metabolism to modulate metabolism,immune responses and epigenetic events. By modulating those pathways, methyl donors may help increase the export of very low-density lipoproteins to reduce liver TAG and contribute to antioxidant synthesis to alleviate oxidative stress. Thus, altering one-carbon metabolism through methyl donor supplementation is a viable option to modulate immunometabolism during the peripartal period. This review explores available data on the regulation of one-carbon metabolism pathways in dairy cows in the context of enzyme regulation, cellular sensors and signaling mechanisms that might respond to increased dietary supply of specific methyl donors. Effects of methyl donors beyond the one-carbon metabolism pathways, including production performance, immune cell function,mechanistic target or rapamycin signaling, and fatty acid oxidation will also be highlighted. Furthermore, the effects of body condition and feeding system(total mixed ration vs. pasture) on one-carbon metabolism pathways are explored. Poten

关键词： Epigenetics Immune system metabolism methyl donor Transition period

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Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection in inflammatory bowel disease:Need for mucosal viral load measurement

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1915-1926页

作者： Rachele Ciccocioppo Francesca Racca Stefania Paolucci Giulia Campanini Lodovica Pozzi Elena Betti Roberta riboni Alessandro Vanoli Fausto Baldanti Gino Roberto Corazza Centre for the Study and Cure of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinica Medica I IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation University of Pavia SS Virologia molecolare - SC Virologia e microbiologia Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Servizio di Endoscopia Digestiva Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Servizio di Anatomia Patologica Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San matteo

AIm:To evaluate the best diagnostic technique and risk factors of the human Cytomegalovirus(HCmV)and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).mETHODS:A cohort of 40 IBD patients(17 refractory)and 40 controls underwent peripheral blood and endoscopic colonic mucosal sample *** infection was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry,and correlations with clinical and endoscopic indexes of activity,and risk factors were ***:All refractory patients carried detectable levels of HCmV and/or EBV mucosal load as comparedto 13/23(56.5%)non-refractory and 13/40(32.5%)*** median DNA value was significantly higher in refractory(HCmV 286 and EBV 5.440 copies/105cells)than in non-refractory(HCmV 0 and EBV 6copies/105 cells;PmV and EBV 0 copies/105 cells;Pmucosa in comparison to non-diseased mucosa(PmV andm mucosal ***,the mucosal load positively correlated with the values found in the peripheral blood,whilst no correlation with the number of positive cells at immunohistochemistry was *** use was identified as a significant risk factor for both HCmV(P=0.018)and EBV(P=0.002)***,a course of specific antiviral therapy with ganciclovir was successful in all refractory patients with HCmV colitis,whilst refractory patients with EBV colitis did not show any improvement despite steroid tapering and discontinuation of the other ***:Viral colitis appeared to contribute to mucosal lesions in refractory IBD,and its correct diagnosis and management require quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of mucosal specime

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease quantitative real-time

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