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re-entry rocket basic flow characteristics and thermal environment of different retro-propulsion modes

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第7期37卷 190-203页

作者： Yifei SU Peijie sun Yangwen CUI Guigao LE School of mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Shanghai Institute of Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai 200000China Southwest Institute of Technology and Engineering Chongqing 400039China

During the supersonic re-entry of multi-nozzle heavy rockets into the atmosphere,the basic flow state becomes increasingly complex due to the coupling effect between the retropropulsion plumes and the freestream.A numerical method using the hybrid reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes and Large Eddy Simulation(rES)method and discrete coordinate method is developed to accurately estimate the thermal *** addition,finite rate chemical kinetics is used to calculate the afterburning *** numerical results agree well with wind tunnel data,which confirms the validity and accuracy of the numerical *** are conducted for the heavy carrier rocket re-entry from 53.1 km to 39.5 km altitude with 180°angle of attack by using three different Supersonic retro-Propulsion(SrP)*** numerical results reveal that these three SrP flow fields are all Short Penetration models(SPm).As the re-entry altitudes decrease,both the plume-plume interaction and the plume-freestream interaction become *** highest temperatures in the plume shear layers of the three SrP modes increase by 8.36%,7.33%and 6.92%respectively after considering afterburning reactions,and all occur at a reentry altitude of 39.5 *** the rocket re-enters the atmosphere,the maximum heat flux on the rocket base plate of three SrP modes stabilizes at 290,170 and 200 kW/m^(2) respectively,but the maximum heat flux on the side wall increases *** the altitude declines to 39.5 km,the extreme heat flux of the three modes increase by 84.16%,49.45%and 62.97%respectively compared to that at 53.1 km.

关键词： re-entry rocket multi-nozzle Supersonic retro propulsion Thermal environment Afterburning effect

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A novel homozygous missense variant in ArSK causes mPS X,a new subtype of mucopolysaccharidosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 87-90页

作者： miao sun Cornelia K.Kaminsky Philip Deppe mai-Brittllse Frederic m.Vaz Barbara Plecko Torben Lubke Linda m.randolph Division of Genomic medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA Department of radiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA Department of Chemistry BiochemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeld 33615Germany Amsterdam UmC Location University of Amsterdam Department of Clinical Chemistry and PediatricsLaboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesEmma Children's HospitalMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam 1100 DEthe Netherlands Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology metabolism Inborn Errors of MetabolismAmsterdam 1105 BKthe Netherlands Core Facility metabolomics Amsterdam UMC Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdam 1100DDthe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Division of General PediatricsMedical Universityof GrazGraz8036Austria Division of medical Genetics Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90027USA

mucopolysaccharidoses(mPS)are a group of rare inborn errors of metabolism caused by defective lysosomal enzymes which prevent cells from degrading and recycling certain carbohydrates and fats,resulting in the storage of glycosaminoglycans in cells throughout the *** leads to multisystem abnormalities involving bone,connective tissues,brain,blood,spinal cord,skin,and other tissues.

关键词： metabolism doses polys

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Inhibition of protein degradation increases the Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1897-1909页

作者： Yuting Liu Hanjia Li Yuan Chen Tambel Leila.I.m Zhenyu Liu Shujuan Wu Siqi sun Xiang Zhang Dehua Chen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Agricultural research Cooperation Biotechnology and Biosafety Research CenterKhartoum 13314Sudan

Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two main problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls among all the cotton plant’s ***,increasing the Bt protein concentration at the boll stage,especially in bolls,has become the main goal for increasing insect resistance in *** this study,two protein degradation inhibitors(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA)and leupeptin)were sprayed on the bolls,subtending leaves,and whole cotton plants at the peak flowering stage of two Bt cultivars(medium maturation Sikang 1(SK1))and early maturation Zhongmian 425(Zm425)in 2019 and *** Bt protein content and protein degradation metabolism were *** results showed that the Bt protein concentrations were enhanced by 21.3 to 38.8%and 25.0 to 38.6%in the treated bolls of SK1 and Zm425 respectively,while they were decreased in the subtending leaves of these treated *** the treated leaves,the Bt protein concentrations increased by 7.6 to 23.5%and 11.2 to 14.9%in SK1 and Zm425,*** combined application of EDTA and leupeptin to the whole cotton plant increased the Bt protein concentrations in both bolls and subtending *** Bt protein concentrations in bolls were higher,increasing by 22.5 to 31.0%and 19.6 to 32.5%for SK1 and Zm425,*** organs treated with EDTA or/and leupeptin showed reduced free amino acid contents,protease and peptidase activities and significant enhancements in soluble protein *** results indicated that inhibiting protein degradation could improve the protein content,thus increasing the Bt protein concentrations in the bolls or/and leaves of cotton ***,the increase in the Bt protein concentration without yield reduction suggested that these two protein degradation inhibitors may be applicable for improving insect resistance in cotton production.

关键词： Bt cotton Bt protein inhibition of protein degradation protein degradation metabolism

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Navigating Epstein–Barr virus autoimmunity:role of NK cells and T cells in multiple sclerosis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 833-835页

作者： Chu Xie Cong sun mu-Sheng Zeng State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R.China

In a recent study published in Cell,Vietzen and colleagues discovered the novel role of natural killer(NK)cells and EBVspecific CD8+T cell response in controlling EBV-inducing autoimmune response and collectively def... 详细信息

关键词： Epstein sclerosis killer

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metal-based cathode catalysts for electrocatalytic Orr in microbial fuel cells:A review

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 85-96页

作者： Yaxin sun Huiyu Li Shiquan Guo Congju Li School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

microbial fuel cells(mFCs)have a simple structure and excellent pollutant treatment and power generation ***,the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(Orr)at the mFC cathode limit power *** electrochemical performance of mFCs can be improved through *** far,metal-based catalysts have shown astonishing results in the field of electrocatalysis,enabling mFC devices to demonstrate power generation capabilities comparable to those of Pt,thus showing enormous *** article reviews the research progress of meta-based mFC cathode Orr catalysts,including the Orr reaction mechanism of mFC,different types of catalysts,and preparation *** catalytic effects of different catalysts in mFC are compared and *** discussing the practical application and expanded manufacturing of catalysts,we summarize the key challenges that must be addressed when using metal-based catalysts in mFC,with the aim of providing a scientific direction for the future development of advanced materials.

关键词： microbial fuel cells metal-based cathode catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Noble metal catalysts mOFs m-N-C Single-atom Transition metal oxides

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Exploring formation mechanism and source attribution of ozone during the 2019 Wuhan military World Games:Implications for ozone control strategies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 400-411页

作者： Lei Zhang Lili Wang runyu Wang Nan Chen Yuan Yang Ke Li Jie sun Dan Yao Yuesi Wang minghui Tao Yang sun Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hubei Ecological Environment monitoring Center Station Wuhan 430072China Guizhou research and Designing Institute of Environmental Sciences Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and DesignGuiyang 550081China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Environment Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution ControlMinistry of EducationHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Key Laboratory of regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

A series of emission reduction measures were conducted in Wuhan,Central China,to ensure good air quality during the 7th military World Games(mWG)in October *** better understand the implications for ozone(O_(3))pollution control strategies,we applied integrated analysis approaches based on the de-weathered statistical model,parameterization methods,chemical box model,and positive matrix factorization *** the mWG,concentrations of O_(3),NO_x,and volatile organic compound(VOCs),OFP(O_(3)formation potential),L_(OH)(OH radical loss rate)were 83μg/m^(3),43μg/m^(3),26 ppbv,188μg/m^(3),and 3.9 s^(-1),respectively,which were 26%,18%,3%,15%,and 13%lower than pre-mWG values and 6%,39%,30%,33%,and 50%lower than post-mWG values,*** removing meteorological influence,O_(3)and its precursors during the mWG decreased largely compared with post-mWG values,and only O_(3),NO_(2),and oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)declined compared with pre-mWG values,which revealed the emission reduction measures during the mWG played an important role for O_(3)*** six VOCs sources,the mass contributions of biomass burning and solvents usage during the mWG decreased largely compared with pre-mWG values.O_(3)production was sensitive to VOCs and the key species were aromatics,OVOCs,and alkenes,which originated mainly from solvents usage,biomass burning,industrial-related combustion,and vehicle *** O_(3)concentration during the strict control was mainly caused by OVOCs reduction due to biomass burning ***,the O_(3)abatement strategies of Wuhan should be focused on the mitigation of high-reactivity VOCs.

关键词： VOCs Ozone Wuhan military World Games Source apportionment relative incremental reactivity random forest

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Experimental clearance rate and intraguild predation of jellyfish Cyanea nozakii

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 128-140页

作者： Pengpeng WANG Fang ZHANG Song sun Shuguo LÜ CAS Key Laboratory of marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiaozhou Bay marine Ecosystem research Station Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center for Ocean mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Institute of marine Ecology and Environment Hainan Academy of Environmental SciencesHaikou 570100China

Cyanea nozakii,a common jellyfish distributed in offshore China,has a complex trophic relationship with other zooplankton ***,few studies have reported the predation rates and prey selection patterns of *** medusae on different prey *** is also lacking on the intraguild predation of Aurelia coerulea(another common bloom jellyfish in offshore China)by *** address the knowledge gaps,the clearance rates of *** for different prey items,including copepods(smallm and large>1000μm),fish larvae,and gelatinous prey(hydromedusae,*** ephyrae,and chaetognaths),were *** influence of predator size on the clearance rate was also ***,we examined the intraguild predation of *** on *** *** clearance rates of *** varied widely with prey organisms,being independent of prey *** organisms,except for chaetognaths,were captured with considerably high efficiency,followed by fish larvae and copepods,indicating the preferential prey selection of gelatinous organisms by *** clearance rate increased linearly with the cross-sectional area of *** size in medusae may,to some extents,underpin their capacity to capture more prey by increasing the encounter rate and capture success through *** preyed voraciously on *** in high feeding efficiency,but the clearance rate decreased with increasing ***(as prey)*** phenomenon of intraguild predation suggests a speculative hypothesis of potential population regulation of *** by *** information regarding the feeding ecology of *** reported in this study is important for understanding plankton dynamics in marine ecosystems with extensive occurrences of this jellyfish.

关键词： Scyphomedusae predation rate gelatinous organisms prey selection feeding mechanism

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Natural marmatite photocatalyst for treatment of mineral processing wastewater to help zero wastewater discharge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 83-91页

作者： meirong Wu Wei sun Xiangsong meng Jianhua Kang Yue Yang School of minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing mineral resources Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

mineral processing wastewater(mPW)with large discharge and high toxicity affects environmental safety,and the realizing zero discharge of mPW is of great significance for reducing environmental pollution,saving water resources,and promoting the sustainable development of the mining *** this study,we reported natural marmatite(Nm)as a low-cost and efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of mPW to help zero wastewater *** photocatalytic activity of Nm was evaluated by the removal of total organic carbon(TOC)from mPW under visible-light illumination,and the optimal degradation conditions were *** showed that superoxide free radicals(^(·)O_(2)^(-))were the dominant active species responsible for organic pollutants degradation,and 74.25%TOC removal was obtained after 120 min reaction under the optimum treatment ***,the wastewater treated by Nm photocatalysis can be reused in the flotation system without adverse impact on the product *** on these findings,a model of zero wastewater discharge for flotation with the help of photocatalytic treatment was established,it indicated that the water of the whole system can be balanced without affecting the ore dressing index,which showed that visible light-driven photocatalyst has a promising application prospect in the treatment and recycling of industrial wastewater.

关键词： Natural mineral Photocatalysis Industrial wastewater Wastewater recycling Water balance

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Improving the high cycle fatigue property of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy by optimizing the surface integrity through electric pulse combined with ultrasonic surface rolling process

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 103-121页

作者： Pengfei sun Shengguan Qu Chenfeng Duan Xiongfeng Hu Xiaoqiang Li National Engineering research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for metallic materials South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

To improve the surface integrity and high cycle fatigue property of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy,the electric pulse has been introduced into the ultrasonic surface rolling process(USrP),which is called electric pulse-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process(EUSrP).With the help of“electroplasticity”of the electric pulse,the thickness of the surface gradient deformation layer was about three times of the USrP specimens by adjusting the pulse current ***,the surface hardness decreases due to the continuous effect of the pulse current and the“skin effect”during *** is worth noting that the higher the applied pulse current,the more severe the *** paradox causes the fatigue performance of EUSrP specimens lower than that of USrP *** break this paradox,the EUSrP treatment is followed by a USrP *** EUSrP-2(with a pulse current of 200 A)+USrP specimens exhibit excellent surface hardness,a gradient deformation layer thickness of about 400μm,low surface roughness and high compressive residual compressive ***,the hardening mechanisms of the different surface strengthening specimens have been quantitatively analyzed in combination with microstructure *** fatigue life of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy can be improved by about 25 times at 780 mPa using the EUSrP-2+USrP treatment,the main reason for the highest fatigue life is the deepest surface gradient layer and the deepest crack initiation *** fatigue limit of the EUSrP-2+USrP specimens is not the highest because too much surface hardening causes compressive residual stress relaxation during cycling and the beneficial effect of compressive residual stress is eliminated.

关键词： Ti6Al4V ELI alloy Combined surface treatment Transmission electron microscopy residual stress Fatigue performance

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A dynamic regulation of nitrogen on floret primordia development in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 271-280页

作者： Zhen Zhang Yujing Li Yuxun Wu Xiaoyu Zheng Xiaolei Guo Wan sun Zhencai sun Zhimin Wang Yinghua Zhang College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Engineering Technology research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas Cangzhou 061800HebeiChina

Nitrogen(N)fertilization is critical for spike and floret development,which affects the number of fertile florets per spike(NFFs).However,the physiological regulation of the floret development process by N fertilization is largely unknown.A high temporal-resolution investigation of floret primordia number and morphology,dry matter,and N availability was conducted under three N fertilization levels:0(N0),120(N1)and 240(N2)kg ha^(−1).Interestingly,fertile florets at anthesis stage were determined by those floret primordia with meiotic ability at booting stage:meiotic ability was a threshold that predicted whether a floret primordium became fertile or abortive *** the developmental rate of the 4th floret primordium in the central spikelet was accelerated and then they acquired meiotic ability,the NFFs increased gradually as N application increased,but the increase range decreased under *** were no differences in spike N concentration among treatments,but leaf N concentration was increased in the N1 and N2 ***,dry matter accumulation and N content of the leaf and spike in the N1 and N2 treatments was increased as compared to ***,optimal N fertilization increased leaf N availability and transport of assimilates to spikes,and allowed more floret primordia to acquire meiotic ability and become fertile florets,finally increasing *** was no difference in leaf N concentration between N1 and N2 treatment,whereas soil N concentration at 0–60 cm soil layers was higher in N2 than in N1 treatment,implying that there was still some N fertilization that remained ***,improving the leaf’s ability to further use N fertilizer is vital for greater NFFs.

关键词： Fertile florets Floret primordia Grain number meiotic ability morphological development

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