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底辟作用和重力构造会议

地球与环境 1982年第9期 61-62页

作者： m.p.coward 丁■

引言自 ***(1963)在实验室开始他的著名的模拟底辟构造研究,并将这些模拟研究应用于解释造山带主要构造的成因以来,至今将近二十年了。在此期间,构造地质学思想发生了一场革命,即基于地球板块构造运动的水平构造的思想比与底辟有关的垂... 详细信息

引言自 ***(1963)在实验室开始他的著名的模拟底辟构造研究,并将这些模拟研究应用于解释造山带主要构造的成因以来,至今将近二十年了。在此期间,构造地质学思想发生了一场革命,即基于地球板块构造运动的水平构造的思想比与底辟有关的垂直构造的思想来说占优势地位。因此考虑,应及时地回顾一下底辟作用在区域变形中的相对作用,于是构造研究组(隶属伦敦地质学会)于1980年3月25-

关键词：底辟刺穿构造绿岩带应变椭球体花岗岩体区域构造大地构造杂岩体杂岩褶皱地质构造会议

薄皮式或厚皮式逆冲构造及其向地壳深部的延续

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地质科技通报 1984年第2期 96-104页

作者： m.p.coward 马曹章

关于冲断构造有两种对立的观点,一种观点认为大逆冲断层在深部变平缓,并与某些诉离面相接,向着逆冲的相反方向开拓类似阶梯式的路径,以达逆冲运动源地.另一种观点认为,逆冲断层向深部变陡,可以韧性应变的方式,消失于地壳的下部或地幔之... 详细信息

关于冲断构造有两种对立的观点,一种观点认为大逆冲断层在深部变平缓,并与某些诉离面相接,向着逆冲的相反方向开拓类似阶梯式的路径,以达逆冲运动源地.另一种观点认为,逆冲断层向深部变陡,可以韧性应变的方式,消失于地壳的下部或地幔之中.第一种逆冲断层模式,通常称之为“薄皮式构造”或“外来构造”.第二种模式可以称之为“铅直运动构造”或“原地构造”,这种模式认为深部运动近于铅直,水平位移很少.图1是横过德国中部蒙希伯格地块的几个剖面,展示了这种模式对构造的不同解释.这

关键词：逆冲断层下盘造山带斯坦冲断层褶皱带构造带印度板块印度-澳大利亚板块断层倾角断坡地壳深部

Recovery of spermatogenesis following testosterone replacement therapy or anabolic-androgenic steroid use

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 373-380,I0007页

作者： J Abram mcBride Robert m coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC 27599-7235 USA.

The use of testosterone replacement therapy （TRT） for hypogonadism continues to rise, particularly in younger men who may wish to remain fertile. Concurrently, awareness of a more pervasive use of anabolic-androgenic steroids （AAS） within the general population has been appreciated. Both TRT and AAS can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal （HpG） axis resulting in diminution of spermatogenesis. Therefore, it is important that clinicians recognize previous TRT or AAS use in patients presenting for infertility treatment. Cessation of TRT or AAS use may result in spontaneous recovery of normal spermatogenesis in a reasonable number of patients if allowed sufficient time for recovery. However, some patients may not recover normal spermatogenesis or tolerate waiting for spontaneous recovery. In such cases, clinicians must be aware of the pathophysiologic derangements of the HpG axis related to TRT or AAS use and the pharmacologic agents available to reverse them. The available agents include injectable gonadotropins, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors, but their off-label use is poorly described in the literature, potentially creating a knowledge gap for the clinician. Reviewing their use clinically for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and other HpG axis abnormalities can familiarize the clinician with the manner in which they can be used to recover spermatogenesis after TRT or AAS use.

关键词： anabolic steroids hypogonadism infertility spermatogenesis testosterone testosterone replacement therapy vasectomy reversal

Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 177-186,I0006页

作者： James A mcBride Culley C Carson Robert m coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine NC USA.

Testosterone supplementation therapy （TST） use has dramatically increased over the past decade, due to the availability of newer agents, aggressive marketing, and an increasing incidence of testosterone deficiency （TD）. Despite the increase in TST, a degree of ambiguity remains as to the exact diagnostic criteria of TD, and administration and monitoring of TST. One explanation for this phenomenon is the complex role testosterone plays in multiple physiologic pathways. Numerous medical co-morbidities and medications can alter testosterone levels resulting in a wide range of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms of TD. The diagnosis is also challenging due to the lack of a definitive serum total testosterone level that reliably correlates with symptoms. This observation is particularly true in the aging male and is exacerbated by inconsistencies between different laboratory assays. Several prominent medical societies have developed guideline statements to clarify the diagnosis, but they differ from each other and with expert opinion in several ways. Aside from diagnostic dilemmas, there are numerous subtle advantages and disadvantages of the various testosterone agents to appreciate. The available TST agents have changed significantly over the past decade similar to the trends in the diagnosis of TD. Therefore, as the usage of TST increases, clinicians will be challenged to maintain an up-to-date understanding of TD and TST. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear description of the current strategies for diagnosis and management of TD.

关键词： androgens erectile dysfunction hormones hypogonadism testosterone

The effects of advanced paternal age on fertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第6期15卷 723-728,I0005页

作者： Jason R Kovac Josephine Addai Ryan p Smith Robert m coward Dolores J Lamb Larry I Lipshultz Scott Department of Urology Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology The Center for Reproductive Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA

modern societal pressures and expectations over the past several decades have resulted in the tendency for couples to delay conception. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thirties, the effect of age on spermatogenesis is less well described. While there are no known limits to the age at which men can father children, the effects of advanced paternal age are incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding advanced paternal age and its implications on semen quality, reproductive success and offspring health. This review will serve as a guide to physicians in counseling men about the decision to delay paternity and the risks involved with conception later in life.

关键词： aging male fertility outcomes male infertility paternal age

Advancing male age differentially alters levels and localization patterns of pLCzeta in sperm and testes from different mouse strains

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 178-187页

作者： Junaid Kashir Bhavesh V mistry maha Adel Gumssani muhammad Rajab Reema Abu-Dawas Falah Almohanna michail Nomikos Celine Jones Raed Abu-Dawud Nadya Al-Yacoub Kevin coward F Anthony Lai Abdullah m Assiri College of medicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh 11533Saudi Arabia Department of Comparative medicine King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadh 11211Saudi Arabia College of medicine QU HealthQatar UniversityDoha PO Box 2713Qatar Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health University of OxfordLevel 3Women’s CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Biomedical Research Centre Qatar UniversityDoha PO Box 2713Qatar

Sperm-specific phospholipase C zeta(pLCζ)initiates intracellular calcium(Ca2+)transients which drive a series of concurrent events collectively termed oocyte *** investigations have linked abrogation and absence/reduction of pLCζwith forms of male infertility in humans where oocyte activation ***,very few studies have examined potential relationships between pLCζand advancing male age,both of which are increasingly considered to be major effectors of male *** efforts in humans may be hindered by inherent pLCζvariability within the human population,alongside a lack of sufficient controllable ***,utilizing immunoblotting,immunofluorescence,and quantitative reverse transcription pCR(qRT-pCR)we examined for the first time pLCζprotein levels and localization patterns in sperm,and pLCζmRNA levels within testes,from mice at 8 weeks,12 weeks,24 weeks,and 36 weeks of age,from two separate strains of mice,C57BL/6(B6;inbred)and CD1(outbred).Collectively,advancing male age generally diminished levels and variability of pLCζprotein and mRNA in sperm and testes,respectively,when both strains were ***,advancing male age altered the predominant pattern of pLCζlocalization in mouse sperm,with younger mice exhibiting predominantly post-acrosomal,and older mice exhibiting both post-acrosomal and acrosomal populations of pLCζ.However,the specific pattern of such decline in levels of protein and mRNA was ***,our results demonstrate a negative relationship between advancing male age and pLCζlevels and localization patterns,indicating that aging male mice from different strains may serve as useful models to investigate pLCζin cases of male infertility and subfertility in humans.

关键词： ageing fertilization male infertility oocyte activation phospholipase C zeta sperm

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碰撞构造

T2加权梯度回波mRI所示大脑微量出血患者的认知功能障碍

1990年

作者：（英）考沃德（coward m.p.）（英）里斯（Ries A.C.）徐贵忠等译

书名原文:Collision tectonics:本书介绍地球上大碰撞构造带,对碰撞造山的作用的过程、构造变动等从动力学、热力学等方面加以阐述。

ISBN: (纸本)7116006222

书名原文:Collision tectonics:本书介绍地球上大碰撞构造带,对碰撞造山的作用的过程、构造变动等从动力学、热力学等方面加以阐述。

关键词：大板块构造学科:文集

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 31-31页

作者： Werring D.J. Frazer D.W. coward L.J. m.m. Brown 杜芳 Department of Clinical Neurology Institute of Neurology University College London Queen Square London WC1N 3BG United Kingdom Prof.

Gradient echo T2. weighted mRI has high sensitivity in detecting cerebral mic robleeds, which appear as small dot like hypointense lesions. microbleeds are s trongly associated with intracerebral haemorrhage, hypertension, lacunar stroke and ischaemic small vessel disease, and have generated interest as a marker of b leeding prone microangiopathy. microbleeds have generally been considered to be clinically silent; however, since they are located in widespread cortical and b asal ganglia regions and are histologically characterized by tissue damage, we h ypothesized that they would cause cognitive dysfunction. We therefore studied pa tients with microbleeds (n = 25) and a nonmicrobleed control group (n = 30) matc hed for age, gender and intelligence quotient. To avoid the confounding effects of coexisting cerebrovascular disease, the groups were also matched for the exte nt of mRI visible white matter changes of presumed ischaemic origin, location o f cortical strokes, and for the proportion of patients with different stroke sub types (including lacunar stroke). A battery of neuropsychological tests was used to assess current intellectual function, verbal and visual memory, naming and p erceptual skills, speed and attention and executive function. microbleeds were m ost common in the basal ganglia but were also found in frontal, parieto occipit al, temporal and infratentorial regions. There was a striking difference between the groups in the prevalence of executive dysfunction, which was present in 60 %of microbleed patients compared with 30%of non microbleed patients (p = 0.03 ). Logistic regression confirmed that microbleeds (but not white matter changes) were an independent predictor of executive impairment (adjusted odds ratio = 1. 32, 95%confidence interval 1.01 1.70, p = 0.04). patients with executive dysfu nction had more microbleeds in the frontal region (mean count 1.54 versus 0.03; p = 0.002) and in the basal ganglia (mean 1.17 versus 0.32; p = 0.048). Ther

关键词： mRI T2加权梯度回波微出血认知损害脑血管病认知障碍心理学测验组织损害无症状

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