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multi-scale habitat influences sprainting and group size of a freshwater-obligate smooth-coated otter(Lutrogale perspicillata) in Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve, India

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Ecological processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit moun p.Ramesh Kumar m.malathi priya T.Ramesh Riddhika Kalle Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Deputy Conservator of Forests Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deputy Conservator of Forests Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background The impact of changing land-use patterns and associated anthropogenic threats on scale-dependent habitat use of semi-aquatic mustelids in scent-marking and social behaviour can provide important insights into the habitat ecology of smooth-coated otters(Lutrogale perspicillata).methods We sampled 180 stream segments(100–400 m) as spatial replicates of 60 1-km2 sites to record indirect evidence(i.e. spraints and mass latrine sites) and group sizes of smooth-coated otters along the Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve(TOCR) during the dry season. To quantify habitat, we recorded stream characteristics, riparian vegetation, and anthropogenic disturbances at the local scale, and hydro-environmental characteristics and land uses at the landscape scale. Using markovian-chain detection and occupancy models, we assessed the multi-scale habitat use of otters in their selection of suitable areas for scent-marking based on repeated presence-absence data on spraint/latrine locations along the TOCR. We further used linear regression techniques to explore relationships between the number of individuals in smooth-coated otter group and hydro-environmental characteristics, spraint/latrine encounter rate, anthropogenic pressure, land cover, topography, and *** At the local scale, the probability of spraint deposition and group size decreased with anthropogenic disturbance while the probability of spraint detections decreased with grass cover. At the landscape scale, the probability of otter site use for spraint deposition and group sizes increased in southeast flowing streams. Spraint deposition increased with the proportion of sugarcane fields, whereas in contrast, group size decreased with proportion of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight the first empirical evidence on multi-scale habitat use of a southern Indian population of smooth-coated otters in an inland freshwater ecosystem surrounded by the scrub jungle–agriculture matrix. We sug

关键词： presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwater ecosystem Semi-aquatic mammal Smooth-coated otter

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Heat Transfer model with Two Heat Transfer Coefficients Along a m ultiperforated plate-Application to Combustion Chamber Wall Cooling

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第4期12卷 363-366页

作者： Brice petre Eva Dorignac Jean Jacques vullierme Laboratoire d'Etudes Thermiques U.M.R C.N.R.S 6608-ENSMA BP 40109 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex FRANCELaboratoire d'Etudes Thermiques U.M.R C.N.R.S 6608-ENSMA BP 40109 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex FRANCELaboratoire d'Etudes Thermiques U.M.R C.N.R.S 6608-ENSMA BP 40109 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex FRANCE

Walls' cooling of aeronautic propeller combustion chamber is performed with the injection, through the combustion chamber wall, of a part of the air coming from compressors placed upstream. measurements of the wall thermal fields are made by infrared thermography along the injection wall. This injection wall is pierced by 9 rows of 8 holes (α=90°) in staggered configuration (p/D=s/D=6). We propose a model using two heat transfer coefficients to represent the convective exchanges. The results are non-dimensioned and presented in comparison with the case without holes. The use of this model allows us to define 4 zones. Those 4 zones exist for the 5 blowing rates.

关键词： multiperforation cooling heat transfer coefficients infrared thermography.

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Does enhanced recovery after surgery programs improve clinical outcomes in liver cancer surgery?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第2期16卷 255-258页

作者： Belinda Sánchez-pérez Josém Ramia Department of General Digestive and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Regional HospitalMálaga 29010MálagaSpain Department of Surgery Hospital General Universitario Dr.BalmisAlicante 03010Spain

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)programs have been widely applied in liver surgery since the publication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016 and the new recommendations in *** surgery is usually performed in oncological patients(liver metastasis,hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,etc.),but the real impact of liver surgery ERAS programs in oncological outcomes is not clearly *** advantages of ERAS programs are:ERAS decreases postoperative complication rates and has been demonstrated a clear relationship between complications and oncological outcomes;a better and faster posto-perative recovery should let oncologic teams begin chemotherapeutic regimens on time;prehabilitation and nutrition actions before surgery should also improve the performance status of the patients receiving ***,ERAS could be another way to improve our oncological *** will discuss the literature about liver surgery ERAS focusing on its oncological implications and future investigations projects.

关键词： Enhanced recovery after surgery programs Liver surgery Key components Long-term oncological outcomes Enhanced recovery after surgery compliance

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Rising tide: The global surge of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents demands action now

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Joseph m pappachan Cornelius James Fernandez Ambika p Ashraf Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has emerged as a major public healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environment and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic *** has led to an exponential rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and *** looming wave of diabetes-related complications in early adulthood is anticipated to strain the healthcare budgets in most *** there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the impact is poised to be pro-found.A multifaceted research effort,governmental legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this *** article delves into the current epidemiological landscape,explores evidence concerning potential risks and consequences,delves into the pathobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based management strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease pharmacotherapy

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Background removal from global auroral images:Data-driven dayglow modeling

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Earth and planetary physics 2024年第1期8卷 247-257页

作者： A.Ohma m.madelaire K.m.Laundal J.p.Reistad S.m.Hatch S.Gasparini S.J.Walker Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway

Global images of auroras obtained by cameras on spacecraft are a key tool for studying the near-Earth ***,the cameras are sensitive not only to auroral emissions produced by precipitating particles,but also to dayglow emissions produced by photoelectrons induced by *** emissions and scattered sunlight can contribute to the background *** fully utilize such images in space science,background contamination must be removed to isolate the auroral *** we outline a data-driven approach to modeling the background intensity in multiple images by formulating linear inverse problems based on B-splines and spherical *** approach is robust,flexible,and iteratively deselects outliers,such as auroral *** final model is smooth across the terminator and accounts for slow temporal variations and large-scale asymmetries in the *** demonstrate the model by using the three far ultraviolet cameras on the Imager for magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration(ImAGE)*** method can be applied to historical missions and is relevant for upcoming missions,such as the Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)mission.

关键词： aurora dayglow modeling global auroral images far ultraviolet images dayglow removal

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In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jeno Gubicza Kristián máthis péter Nagy péter Jenei Zoltán Hegedus Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Department of materials physics Faculty of ScienceEotvos Loránd UniversityPázmány P.sétány 1/ABudapest H-1117Hungary Department of physics of materials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 Praha 2Czech Republic Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr.85Hamburg 22603Germany magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan

mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application *** material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers(CALs)and nanoplates(CANaps),or complete long period stacking ordered(LpSO)*** order to reveal the deformation mechanisms,in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in mg-0.9%Zn-2.05%Y-0.15%Al(at%)*** uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance,additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400℃ for 2 *** heat treatment at 300℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure,its evolution during tension and,thus,the overall deformation behavior under tensile *** the other hand,annealing at 400℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density,leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical *** maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20×10^(14)m^(-2).The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basal and pyramidal types,what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation *** was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value,which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CANaps/LpSO plates.

关键词： mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered(LpSO)phase Cluster arranged nanoplates(CANaps) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening

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Single atom Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.pérez-Rodríguez m.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Giménez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz p.Arévalo-Cid m.V.martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo m.J.Lázaro D.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquímica(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y petroleoquímica(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 m KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon monoxide

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Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.marquès L.Lancia p.Loiseau p.Forestier-Colleoni m.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli J.Domange F.Hannachi p.Nicolaï m.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Universitéparis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by Coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

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Europium recovery process by means of polymeric nanoparticles functionalized with acrylic acid,curcumin and fumaramide

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1950-1959页

作者： p.A.martínez-montoya J.m.del Río A.de J.morales-Ramirez m.Corea Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas ESIQIE-IPNDepartamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica UPALM S/N Col.Lindavista Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Química e Industrias Extractivas ESIQIE-IPNLaboratorio de Investigación en Polímeros y NanomaterialesUPALM S/N Col.Lindavista Centra de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica CIITEC-IPNCda.de CECATIs/n

polymeric nanoparticles of poly(methyl methacrylate) were obtained by emulsion polymerization techniques in a proce ss of two *** particles were functionalized with acrylic acid,curcumin,and fumaramide and three series of polymeric particles were *** incorporation of functional groups was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectrosocopy(FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) *** spherical morphology of particles with an average diameter of 100 nm was observed by scartning electron microscopy(SEm).The polymeric materials were used for recovery of [Eu]from synthetic *** nanoparticles show excellent chelation capacity to trap rare-earth ions,because they recover more than 85% of [Eu] at pH of *** images of SEm after extraction process show arrays between particles with larger average particle sizes to 1.5 *** addition,the particles have a good stripping capacity,exceeding 50% of it,maintaining their homogeneity in morphology and good stability in dispersion for the recovery and stripping processes.A pseudo-second model order is obtained for the extraction and stripping processes while the best results of stripping process are obtained at pH of6.

关键词： [Eu] recovery Chelating effect Extraction process Stripping process Emulsion polymerization Rare earths

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The initial stages of Li_(2)O_(2) formation during oxygen reduction reaction in Li-O_(2) batteries:The significance of Li_(2)O_(2) in charge-transfer reactions within devices

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 223-231,I0006页

作者： Daniela m.Josepetti Bianca p.Sousa Simone A.J.Rodrigues Renato G.Freitas Gustavo Doubek Advanced Energy Storage Division LABCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 50013083-852CampinasSPBrazil Institute of physics&Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Computational MaterialsFederal University of Mato Grosso78060-900CuiabáMTBrazil

Lithium-oxygen batteries are a promising technology because they can greatly surpass the energy density of lithium-ion ***,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted into a real device with high *** with air contamination,metallic lithium reactivity,and complex discharge and charge reactions are the main issues for this technology.A fast and reversible oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for good performance of secondary batteries',but the partial knowledge of its mechanisms,especially when devices are concerned,hinders further *** this perspective,the present work uses operando Raman experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to assess the first stages of the discharge processes in porous carbon electrodes,following their changes cycle by cycle at initial operation.A growth kinetic formation of the discharge product signal(Li_(2)O_(2))was observed with operando Raman,indicating a first-order reaction and enabling an analysis by a microkinetic *** solution mechanism in the evaluated system was ascribed for an equivalent circuit with three time *** the time constant for the anode interface reveals to remain relatively constant after the first discharge,its surface seemed to be more *** model indicated that the reaction occurs at the Li_(2)O_(2) surface,decreasing the associated resistance during the initial discharge ***,the growth of Li_(2)O_(2) forms a hetero-phase between Li_(2)O_(2)/electrolyte,while creating a more compact and homogeneous on the Li_(2)O_(2)/cathode *** methodology here described thus offers a way of directly probing changes in surface chemistry evolution during cycling from a device through EIS analysis.

关键词： Li-O_(2)battery Operando Raman analysis Equivalent circuit modeling Time-constant distribution

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