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A short review of malabsorption and anemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第37期15卷 4644-4652页

作者： Fernando Fernández-Baares Helena monzón montserrat Forné Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa University of Barcelona Plaza Dr Robert 5 08221 Terrassa Barcelona Spain

Anemia is a frequent finding in most diseases which cause malabsorption. The most frequent etiology is the combination of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. Celiac disease is frequently diagnosed in patients referred for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), being reported in 1.8%-14.6% of patients. Therefore, duodenal biopsies should be taken during endoscopy if no obvious cause of iron defi ciency (ID) can be found. Cobalamin defi ciency occurs frequently among elderly patients, but it is often unrecognized because the clinical manifestations are subtle; it is caused primarily by food-cobalamin malabsorption and pernicious anemia. The classic treatment of cobalamin deficiency has been parenteral administration of the vitamin. Recent data suggest that alternative routes of cobalamin administration (oral and nasal) may be useful in some cases. Anemia is a frequent complication of gastrectomy, and has been often described after bariatric surgery. It has been shown that banding procedures which maintain digestive continuity with the antrum and duodenum are associated with low rates of ID. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection may be considered as a risk factor for IDA, mainly in groups with high demands for iron, such as some children and adolescents. Further controlled trials are needed before making solid recommendations about H pylori eradication in these cases.

关键词： Anemia Celiac disease Helicobacter pylori Cobalamin deficiency Gastrectomy

Heat transfer on peristaltic flow of fourth grade fluid in inclined asymmetric channel with partial slip

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第10期33卷 1313-1328页

作者： O.U.mEHmOOD n.mUSTAPHA S.SHAFIE Department of mathematics Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM JohorJohor BharuMalaysia

In this paper, the effects of slip and heat transfer are studied on the peristaltic transport of a magnetohydrodynamic （mHD） fourth grade fluid. The governing equations are modeled and solved under the long wavelength approximation by using a regular perturbation method. Explicit expressions of solutions for the stream function, the velocity, the pressure gradient, the temperature, and the heat transfer coefficient are presented. Pumping and trapping phenomena are analyzed for increasing the slip parameter. Further, the temperature profiles and the heat transfer coefficient are observed for various increasing parameters. It is found that these parameters considerably affect the considered flow characteristics. Comparisons with published results for the no-slip case are found in close agreement.

关键词： peristaltic flow fourth grade fluid heat transfer slip condition inclinedchannel

U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of late Palaeozoic volcanism in Sardinia(southern Variscides)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1263-1284页

作者： L.Gaggero n.Gretter A.Langone A.Ronchi Department of Earth Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of GenoaCorso Europa 2616132 GenoaItaly Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of PaviaVia Ferrata 127100 PaviaItaly Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources IGGeCnR Via Ferrata 127100 PaviaItaly

The latest Carboniferous to lower Permian volcanism of the southern Variscides in Sardinia developed in a regional continental transpressive and subsequent transtensile tectonic *** produced a wide range of intermediate-silicic magmas including medium-to high-K calc-alkaline andesites,dacites,and rhyolites.A thick late Palaeozoic succession is well exposed in the four most representative Sardinian continental basins(nurra,Perdasdefogu,Escalaplano,and Seui-Seulo),and contains substantial stratigraphic,geochemical,and geochronological evidence of the area's complex geological evolution from the latest Carboniferous to the beginning of the *** on major and trace element data and LA-ICP-mS U-Pb zircon dating,it is possible to reconstruct the timing of postVariscan *** volcanism records active tectonism between the latest Carboniferous and Permian,and post-dates the unroofing and erosion of nappes in this segment of the southern *** particular,igneous zircon grains from calc-alkaline silicic volcanic rocks yielded ages between299±1 and 288±3 ma,thereby constraining the development of continental strike-slip faulting from south(Escalaplano Basin)to north(nurra Basin).notably,andesites emplaced in medium-grade metamorphic basement(***,Ogliastra)show a cluster of older ages at 332±12 *** the large uncertainty,this age constrains the onset of igneous activity in the *** new radiometric ages constitute:(1)a consistent dataset for different volcanic events;(2)a precise chronostratigraphic constraint which fits well with the biostratigraphic data and(3)insights into the plate reorganization between Laurussia and Gondwana during the late Palaeozoic evolution of the Variscan chain.

关键词： Permian volcanism Sardinia U-Pb geochronology Calc-alkaline volcanism

microbial mediated arsenic biotransformation in wetlands

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 5-15页

作者： Si-Yu Zhang Paul n. Williams Jinming Luo Yong-Guan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 7BN UK Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China

Arsenic （As） is a pervasive environmental toxin and carcinogenic metalloid. It ranks at the top of the US priority List of Hazardous Substances and causes worldwide human health problems. Wetlands, including natural and artificial ecosystems （i.e. paddy soils） are highly susceptible to As enrichment; acting not only as repositories for water but a host of other elemental/chemical moieties. While macroscale processes （physical and geological） supply As to wetlands, it is the micro-scale biogeochemistry that regulates the fluxes of As and other trace elements from the semi-terrestrial to neighboring plant/ aquatic/atmospheric compartments. Among these fine-scale events, microbial mediated As biotransformations contribute most to the element＇s changing forms, acting as the ＇switch＇ in defining a wetland as either a source or sink of As. much of our understanding of these important microbial catalyzed reactions follows relatively recent scientific discoveries. Here we document some of these key advances, with focuses on the implications that wetlands and their microbial mediated transformation pathways have on the global As cycle, the chemistries of microbial mediated As oxidation, reduction and methylation, and future research priorities areas.

关键词： Arsenic Wetland microbes Switch

Dust Acoustic Compressive Waves in a Warm Dusty Plasma Having non-Thermal Ions and non-Isothermal Electrons

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第9期17卷 721-727页

作者： Apul n.DEV manoj K.DEKA Rajesh SUBEDI Jnanjyoti SARmA Department of Science and Humanities College of Science and Technology Department of Applied Sciences Institute of Science and TechnologyGauhati University Department of mathematics R.G.Baruah College

In this article an investigation is presented on the properties of dust acoustic（DA）compressive solitary wave propagation in an adiabatic dusty plasma,including the effect of nonthermal positive and negative ions and non-isothermal *** reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the lower degree modified Kadomtsev-Petviashivili（mK-P）,3D Schamel-Korteweg-de-Vries equation or modified Kadomtsev-Petviashivili（mK-P） equations for dust acoustic solitary waves in a homogeneous,unmagnetized and collisionless plasma whose constituents are non-isothermal electrons,singly charged positive and negative non-thermal ions and massive charged dust *** stationary analytical solutions of the lower degree mK-P and mK-P equations are numerically analyzed,where the effect of various dusty plasma constituents on DA solitary wave propagation is taken into *** is observed that both the ions in dusty plasma play a key role in the formation of DA compressive solitary waves,and also the ion concentration and non-isothermal electrons control the transformation of the compressive potentials of the waves.

关键词： dusty plasma reductive perturbation method non-isothermal ions compressive solitary wave

Effect of Ion Concentrations on the Characteristics of a multi-Component magnetized Plasma Sheath

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第6期11卷 642-646页

作者： m.m.HATAmI B.SHOKRI Laser-Plasma Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University G.C.EvinTehranIran Physical Department and Laser-Plasma Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University G.C.EvinTehranIran

A hydrodynamic approach is used to investigate a three-component magnetized plasma sheath which consists of electrons and two species of positive ions. Assuming a phase space of one-dimensional spatial coordinate system and three-dimensional velocity coordinate system, the effect of different concentrations of positive ion species on some characteristics of the plasma sheath such as the velocity and density distribution of positive ion species and the electrostatic potential of this region is investigated. The calculated results show that the increase in the density ratio of positive ion species causes a decrease in both the ion velocities and the electrostatic potential of the sheath region. Also, it is shown that in the sheath region of a magnetized plasma consisting of only one positive ion species the bumps of the net density of charged particles disappears much faster. In addition, three-dimensional velocity of each positive ion species in the sheath region is plotted for different concentrations of positive ion species.

关键词： magnetized plasma plasma and electropositive plasma sheath hydrodynamic equations multi-component sheath

Phase modification and dielectric properties of a cullet–paper ash–kaolin clay-based ceramic

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2018年第3期25卷 350-356页

作者： K.A.Samah m.R.Sahar m.Yusop m.F.Omar Advance Optical material Research Group Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

novel ceramics from waste material made of(x) paper ash–(80-x) cullet–20 kaolin clay(10 wt% ≤ x ≤ 30 wt%) were successfully synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction technique. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of Si, Ca, Al, and Fe in the waste material for preparing these ceramics. The influence of the cullet content on the phase structures and the dielectric properties of these ceramics were systematically investigated. The impedance spectra were verified in the range from 1 Hz to 10 mHz at room temperature. The phase of the ceramics was found to primarily consist of wollastonite(CaSiO_3), along with minor phases of γ-dicalcium silicate(Ca_2SiO_4) and quartz(SiO_2). The sample with a cullet content of 55 wt% possessed the optimum wollastonite structure and exhibited good dielectric properties. An increase of the cullet content beyond 55 wt% resulted in a structural change from wollastonite to dicalcium silicate, a decrease in dielectric constant, and an increase in dielectric loss. All experimental results suggested that these novel ceramics from waste are applicable for electronic devices.

关键词： ceramics cullet glass paper ash wollastonite structural properties dielectric properties

Blood transfusion for the treatment of acute anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease and other digestive diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第37期15卷 4686-4694页

作者： José Antonio García-Erce Fernando Gomollón manuel muoz Transfusion medicine and Apheresis Unit Haematology and Haemotherapy Regional Service "Miguel Servet" University Hospital Zaragoza 50009 Spain Gastroenterology Unit University Clinical Hospital and Biomedical Investigation Center at Digestive and Hepatic Disease Network c/San Juan Bosco 15 Zaragoza 50009 Spain Transfusion medicine School of Medicine University of Málaga Málaga 29071 Spain

Allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) is frequently used as the first therapeutic option for the treatment of acute anaemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially when it developed due to gastrointestinal or perioperative blood loss, but is not risk-free. Adverse effects of ABT include, but are not limited to, acute hemolytic reaction (wrong blood or wrong patient), febrile non-hemolytic transfusional reaction, bacterial contamination, transfusion-related acute lung injury, transfusion associated circulatory overload, transfusion-related immuno-modulation, and transmission of almost all infectious diseases (bacteria, virus, protozoa and prion), which might result in increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the main physiological goal of ABT, i.e. to increase oxygen consumption by the hypoxic tissues, has not been well documented. In contrast, the ABT is usually misused only to increase the haemoglobin level within a f ixed protocol [mostly two by two packed red blood cell (PRC) units] independently of the patient' s tolerance to normovolemic anaemia or his clinical response to the transfusion of PRC units according to a "one-by-one" administration schedule. Evidencebased clinical guidelines may promote best transfusion practices by implementing restrictive transfusion protocols, thus reducing variability and minimizing the avoidable risks of transfusion, and the use of autologous blood and pharmacologic alternatives. In this regard, preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) consistently diminished the frequency of ABT, although its contribution to ABT avoidance is reduced when performed under a transfusion protocol. In addition, interpretation of utility of PABD in surgical IBD patients is hampered by scarcity of published data. However, the role of autologous red blood cells as drug carriers is promising. Finally, it must be stressed that a combination of methods used within wellconstructed protocols will offer better prospe

关键词： Anaemia Blood transfusion Autologous blood transfusion Inflammatory bowel diseases Risk assessment

Black Locust Transpiration Responses to Soil Water Availability as Affected by meteorological Factors and Soil Texture

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： WU Yuan-Zhi HUAnG ming-Bin David n.WARRInGTOn Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection Linyi University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University

On the Loess Plateau of China, a dry soil layer may form due to excess transpiration, leading to degradation of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) stands. In order to better manage projects involving black locust, this study was intended to investigate the response of black locust transpiration rate to soil water availability as affected by meteorological factors using two representative soils(loamy clay and sandy loam) on the Loess Plateau. Four soil water contents were maintained for black locust seedlings grown in pots initially outdoors and then in a climate-controlled chamber, by either drying or irrigating the pots. In both environments, daily transpiration rates were related by a power function to air temperature and by a logistic function to reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Transpiration rates were more susceptible to changes in the meteorological conditions in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. The transpiration rate in the well-watered treatment was greater for black locust grown in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. normalized transpiration rates were unaffected by ET0 until a critical value of soil water content(θc) was attained; the θc value decreased significantly for the loamy clay soil but increased significantly for the sandy loam soil when ET0 increased. These suggested that the effect of the meteorological condition on the transpiration characteristics of black locust was dependent on soil texture.

关键词： dry soil layer evaporative demand loamy clay Loess Plateau reference evapotranspiration sandy loam temperature vapor pressure deficit