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Towards Improving the Quality of Requirement and Testing Process in Agile Software Development: An Empirical Study

Computers, materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3761-3784页

作者： Ilays I. Hafeez y. Almashfi N. Ali S. Humayun m. Aqib m. Alwakid G. University Institute of Information Technology Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Al Jouf 72388 Saudi Arabia School of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences University of Roehampton London SW15 5PJ United Kingdom Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Al Jouf 72388 Saudi Arabia

Software testing is a critical phase due to misconceptions about ambiguities in the requirements during specification, which affect the testing process. Therefore, it is difficult to identify all faults in software. As requirement changes continuously, it increases the irrelevancy and redundancy during testing. Due to these challenges; fault detection capability decreases and there arises a need to improve the testing process, which is based on changes in requirements specification. In this research, we have developed a model to resolve testing challenges through requirement prioritization and prediction in an agile-based environment. The research objective is to identify the most relevant and meaningful requirements through semantic analysis for correct change analysis. Then compute the similarity of requirements through case-based reasoning, which predicted the requirements for reuse and restricted to error-based requirements. Afterward, the apriori algorithm mapped out requirement frequency to select relevant test cases based on frequently reused or not reused test cases to increase the fault detection rate. Furthermore, the proposed model was evaluated by conducting experiments. The results showed that requirement redundancy and irrelevancy improved due to semantic analysis, which correctly predicted the requirements, increasing the fault detection rate and resulting in high user satisfaction. The predicted requirements are mapped into test cases, increasing the fault detection rate after changes to achieve higher user satisfaction. Therefore, the model improves the redundancy and irrelevancy of requirements by more than 90% compared to other clustering methods and the analytical hierarchical process, achieving an 80% fault detection rate at an earlier stage. Hence, it provides guidelines for practitioners and researchers in the modern era. In the future, we will provide the working prototype of this model for proof of concept. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publ

关键词： agile software development case-based reasoning Requirement prediction semantic analysis software testing

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Engineering of efficient visible light photocatalysts:Ti_(1-x+y)Cu_(x)La_(y)O_(2)(x=0.03;y=0,0.005,0.01) compositions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 497-505,I0003页

作者： S.m.yakout A.m.youssef Inorganic Chemistry Department National Research Centre(NRC)El Buhouth StDokkiCairo12622Egypt

In dye-photocatalysis, widening the wavelengths absorption range of catalysts as well as aborting the recombination of the photoexcited charge carriers(electrons-holes pairs) are of paramount *** the current study, we report the photocatalytic characteristics of four compositions composed of TiO_(2),Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders for two harmful dyes(Congo red and methylene blue). The X-ray diffraction technique verified the configuration of mixed anatase and rutile phases in pure TiO_(2)and Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2)powders while Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders possess anatase phase only. The changes of the band gap structure and dimensions of the unit cell volume of TiO_(2)confirm the substitution of Ti^(4+)sites by Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions. Remarkable widening of wavelengths absorption with formation of long absorption tails were found in TiO_(2)(3.13 e V) through insertion of La^(3+)plus Cu^(2+)ions. Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)samples exhibit a visible light band gap of 2.3 and 2.7 e V, respectively. Based on SEm images, incorporation of Cu^(2+)and La^(3+)ions influences the surface morphology of TiO_(2). The resulting Ti_(0.97)Cu_(0.03)O_(2), Ti_(0.965)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.005)O_(2)and Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)powders present enhanced photocatalytic activity towards Congo red dye degradation compared to pure one under natural solar spectrum. The best Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic activity of 96% for 10 ppm CR dye in 20 min as well as above average photocatalytic efficiency of 63% for 30 ppm CR dye in 120 min. As well, it showed acceptable photodegradation activity of 52% for 30 ppm mB solution in 140 min of sunlight irradiation. The heightened photodegradation efficiency of Ti_(0.96)Cu_(0.03)La_(0.01)O_(2)catalyst can be clarified in terms of higher ch

关键词： Semiconductor TiO_(2) Rare earths Congo red methylene blue Solar spectrum Photodegradation

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Fast efficient photon deceleration in plasmas by using two laser pulses at different frequencies

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： y.X.Wang X.L.Zhu S.m.Weng P.Li X.F.Li H.Ai H.R.Pan Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Research Center of Laser Fusion of China Academy of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China State key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)to terahertz(THz)range is of interest for applications in a number of fields,from fundamental research to biology and *** conventional laser technology,photon deceleration in plasma wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort mid-IR or THz ***,we present a photon deceleration scheme for the efficient generation of ultrashort mid-IR or THz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long *** signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate time delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver *** to its relatively long wavelength,the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index in the plasma wake ***,the photon deceleration in the plasma wake becomes faster and more efficient for signal pulses with longer *** greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength IR and THz spectral ranges.

关键词： laser ultrashort photon

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Navigating Epstein–Barr virus autoimmunity:role of NK cells and T cells in multiple sclerosis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 833-835页

作者： chu Xie Cong Sun mu-Sheng Zeng State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R.China

In a recent study published in Cell,Vietzen and colleagues discovered the novel role of natural killer(NK)cells and EBVspecific CD8+T cell response in controlling EBV-inducing autoimmune response and collectively def... 详细信息

关键词： Epstein sclerosis killer

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A Study on the Impact of Chemical Structure on the Evolution of Aggregate Structure in Fiber-shaped High Density Polyethylene Vitrimer

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第10期42卷 1557-1565页

作者： Bing Wang yuan-chu Gao Hai Wang Hui Niu State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology

Vitrimers have emerged as a prominent research area in the field of polymer materials. most of the studies have focused on synthesizing polymers with versatile dynamic crosslinking structures, while the impact of chemical structure on aggregate structure of vitrimers, particularly during polymer processing, remains insufficiently investigated. The present study employed commercial maleic anhydride-grafted-high density polyethylene (m-g-HDPE) as the matrix and hexanediol as the crosslinker to facilely obtain fiber-shaped HDPE vitrimers through a reaction extrusion and post-drawing process. Through chemical structure characterization, morphology observation, thermal and mechanical properties investigation, as well as aggregate structure analysis, this work revealed the influence of dynamic bonds on the formation of aggregate structures during fiber-shaped vitrimers processing. A small amount of dynamic bonds in HDPE restricts the motion of PE chain during melt-extruding and post-drawing, resulting in a lower orientation of the PE chains. However, lamellar growth and fibril formation during post-drawing at high temperature are enhanced to some extent due to the competition between dynamic bond and chain relaxation. The uneven morphology of fibershaped HDPE vitrimers can be attributed to the stronger elastic effect brought by dynamic bonding, which plays a more dominant role in determining the mechanical properties of fiber-shaped vitrimers compared to aggregate *** Vitrimers have emerged as a prominent research area in the field of polymer *** of the studies have focused on synthesizing polymers with versatile dynamic crosslinking structures,while the impact of chemical structure on aggregate structure of vitrimers,particularly during polymer processing,remains insufficiently *** present study employed commercial maleic anhydride-grafted-high density polyethylene (m-g-HDPE) as the matrix and hexanediol as the crosslinker to facile

关键词： Aggregate structures Fiber-shaped High density polyethylene vitrimer Transesterification reaction

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Structural characterization of three acidic polysaccharides from Opuntia dillenii *** and their protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Huh-7 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1929-1942页

作者： Rui Liu Fangxin chu Zheng yan Hanqing Chen School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process Ministry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China

Three novel acidic polysaccharide fractions(OFPP-1,OFPP-2,OFPP-3)with different m olecular weights(803.7,555.1 and 414.5 k Da)were isolated from the peeled Opuntia dillenii *** by alkali-extraction,graded alcohol precipitation and column *** analysis indicated that OFPPs were pectic polysaccharides consisting of rhamnose,arabinose and galactose *** backbone of OFPP-1 consisted of a repeating unit→6-α-D-Galp A-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→with T-α-D-Galp A-(1→6)-α-D-Galp A-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→,T-β-D-Xylp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp A-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→or T-α-D-Galp A-(1→3)-α-L-Araf-(1→as the side *** backbone of OFPP-2 consisted of a disaccharide repeating unit→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-D-Galp A-(1→with T-β-L-Araf-(1→as the branches substituted at the O-4 position of→2,4)-α-LRhap-(1→.Whereas the backbone of OFPP-3 was→2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-β-L-Araf-(1→or→2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-D-Galp A-(1→,which was branched at the O-4 position of→2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→.moreover,these three polysaccharide fractions could protect Huh-7 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress to different extents by decreasing the mDA content and increasing the SOD,CAT,GSH-Px activities and the GSH level in the Huh-7 *** results suggest that OFPPs have the potential to be used as natural antioxidants.

关键词： Opuntia dillenii Haw.fruits Polysaccharide Alkali extraction Structural characterization Oxidative stress

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Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd^(3+)-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.y.morassuti A.P.L Silva L.A.O.Nunes S.m.Lima L.H.C.Andrade Optical and Photothermal Spectroscopy Group(GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technology Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics of São Carlos University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)processes such as optical reabsorption and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been little explored in the ***,the present work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%)in fluorescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 *** results indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band profiles caused by optical reabsorption of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-relaxation processes.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the reported Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass Fluorescence intensity ratio Optical thermometry Judd-Ofelt Rare earths

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Efficient nitrite-to-ammonia electroreduction over Zr-Ni frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1707-1714页

作者： ying Zhang Zhuohang Li Wenyu Du Kai Chen Ke chu School of materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Electrochemical NO_(2)~--to-NH_(3) conversion(NO_(2)RR) offers a green route to NH_(3) electrosynthesis, while developing efficient NO_(2)RR catalysis systems at high current densities remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report an efficient Zr-NiO catalyst with atomically dispersed Zr-dopants incorporated in NiO lattice, delivering the exceptional NO_(2)RR performance with industriallevel current density(>0.2 A cm^(-2)). In situ spectroscopic measurements and theoretical simulations reveal the construction of ZrNi frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs(FLPs) on Zr-Ni O, which can substantially increase the number of absorbed nitrite(NO_(2)~-),promote the activation and protonation of NO_(2)~- and concurrently hamper the H coverage, boosting the activity and selectivity of Zr-NiO towards the NO_(2)RR. Remarkably, Zr-NiO exhibits the exceptional performance in a flow cell with high Faradaic efficiency for NH_(3) of 94.0% and NH_(3)yield rate of 1,394.1 μmol h^(-1)cm^(-2) at an industrial-level current density of 228.2 m A cm^(-2),placing it among the best NO_(2)RR electrocatalysts for NH_(3) production.

关键词： electrochemical nitrite-to-ammonia conversion frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs(FLPs) in situ spectroscopy theoretical computations

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Nonlinear dynamic modeling of planar moving Timoshenko beam considering non-rigid non-elastic axial effects

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 479-496页

作者： m.ABBASI GAVARI m.R.HOmAEINEZHAD Faculty of mechanical Engineering K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19991-43344Iran

Due to the importance of vibration effects on the functional accuracy of mechanical systems,this research aims to develop a precise model of a nonlinearly vibrating single-link mobile flexible *** manipulator consists of an elastic arm,a rotary motor,and a rigid carrier,and undergoes general in-plane rigid body motion along with elastic transverse *** accurately model the elastic behavior,Timoshenko’s beam theory is used to describe the flexible arm,which accounts for rotary inertia and shear deformation *** applying Newton’s second law,the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the manipulator are derived as a coupled system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)and partial differential equations(PDEs).Then,the assumed mode method(Amm)is used to solve this nonlinear system of governing equations with appropriate shape *** assumed modes can be obtained after solving the characteristic equation of a Timoshenko beam with clamped boundary conditions at one end and an attached mass/inertia at the *** addition,the effect of the transverse vibration of the inextensible arm on its axial behavior is *** the axial rigidity,the effect makes the rigid body dynamics invalid for the axial behavior of the ***,numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed model,and the results are compared with those obtained by the finite element *** comparison confirms the validity of the proposed dynamic model for the *** to the mentioned features,this model can be reliable for investigating the system’s vibrational behavior and implementing vibration control algorithms.

关键词： planar moving Timoshenko beam non-rigid non-elastic axial effect as-sumed mode method(Amm) nonlinear motion analysis

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Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： H.m.FEIZABAD m.H.yAS Department of mechanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of *** Hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are *** generalized differential quadrature method(GDQm)is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam ***,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQm)

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