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Laser-assisted direct roller imprinting of large-area microstructured optical surfaces

microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 257-266页

作者： Keisuke Nagato ken Takahashi Yuki Yajima masayuki Nakao Department of mechanical Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8656Japan

in this study,a high-throughput fabrication method called laser-assisted direct roller imprinting(LADRi)was developed to lower the cost of nanoimprinting large-area polymer films and to address problems associated with nanoimprinting,namely,microstructural damage and precision in flatness of entire *** LADRi,the laser directly heats the microstructured surface of the roller mold,which heats and melts the surface of a polymethyl methacrylate(PmmA)film to replicate the microstructures on the mold *** this study,the effects of laser power density,scanning speed,size of the microstructures,and contact pressure on the replication speed were investigated *** replication speed increased as the power and scanning speed ***,because the film required heating until it filled the entire depth of the microstructure,an appropriate replication speed was *** result was supported by simulation of the temperature distribution inside the mold and the PmmA using transient heat conduction *** demonstrate the applications of LADRi,two different optical surfaces were replicated:an antireflection(AR)structure with conical structures sized several hundred nanometers and a lightextraction structure with a microlens array(mLA)comprising 10μm lenses,for display and illumination,*** replication degree of the mLA was governed by the contact *** flow simulation indicated that the heat conduction and flow speeds of the melted PmmA surface were comparable within several tens of *** addition,the reflectivity of the AR structure decreased from 4 to 0.5%,and the light intensity of the light-extraction structure increased by a factor of 1.47.

关键词： microstructure roller conduction

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Numerical study of submerged bending vegetation under unidirectional flow

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 92-100页

作者： Pei-pei Zhang Yi-qing Gong ken Vui Chua Jie Dai Jing-qiao mao College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China institute of Water Science and Technology Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAUK

Submerged vegetation commonly grows and plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems,but it is also regarded as a barrier to the passing *** simulations of flow through and over submerged vegetation were carried out to investigate the effect of vegetation density on flow *** simulations were computationally set up to replicate flume experiments,in which vegetation was mimicked with flexible plastic *** fluid-structure interaction between flow and flexible vegetation was solved by coupling the two modules of the COmSOL *** cases with different vegetation densities were simulated,and the results were successfully validated against the experimental *** contours of the simulated time-averaged streamwise velocity and Reynolds stress were extracted to highlight the differences in mean and turbulent flow *** turbulence intensity was found to be more sensitive to vegetation density than the time-averaged *** developing length increased with the spacing between *** snapshots of the bending vegetation under instantaneous velocity and vorticity revealed that flexible vegetation responded to the effects of eddies in the shear layer by swaying *** first two rows of vegetation suffered stronger approaching flow and were prone to more streamlined *** addition,the origin of tip vortices was investigated via the distribution of *** results reveal the variation of flow properties with bending submerged vegetation and provide useful reference for optimizationofrestorationprojects.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics Fluid-structure interaction Turbulence Flexible and submerged vegetation

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Recent advances and opportunities in mXene-based liquid crystals

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infomat 2024年第3期6卷 1-21页

作者： ken Aldren S.Usman Jizhen Zhang Kevinilo P.marquez mia Angela N.Judicpa Peter A.Lynch Annabelle Bedford Babak Anasori Joselito m.Razal institute for Frontier materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO)Waurn PondsVictoriaAustralia institute of Chemistry University of the Philippines-Los BañosLagunaPhilippines School of materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of mechanical and Energy Engineering Indiana University-Purdue UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

The recent progress on the liquid crystalline(LC)dispersion of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides(mXenes)has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high-performance architectures,such as films and ***ally,compared to architectures made from typical non-LC dispersions,those derived from LC mXene possess tunable ion transport routes and enhanced conductivity and physical properties,demonstrating great potential for a wide range of applications,such as electronic displays,smart glasses,and thermal camouflage *** review provides an overview of the progress achieved in the production and processing of LC mXenes,including critical discussions on satisfying the required conditions for LC *** also highlights how acquiring LC mXenes has broadened the current solution-based manufacturing paradigm of mXene-based architectures,resulting in unprecedented performances in their conventional applications(e.g.,energy storage and strain sensing)and in their emerging uses(e.g.,tribology).Opportunities for innovation and foreseen challenges are also discussed,offering future research directions on how to further benefit from the exciting potential of LC mXenes with the aim of promoting their widespread use in designing and manufacturing advanced materials and applications.

关键词： liquid crystals multi-functional materials mXenes solution-based processing

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Nanosize-effect on the distribution of heavy metals in copper smelting dust:Based on sophisticated dust sorting approach

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 312-320页

作者： ken Li Zuwu Liao Hengdi Ye Qingzhu Li Fenghua Shen Qian Li Hui Liu Qingwei Wang Xu Yan Zhang Lin Liyuan Chai School of metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy metal Pollution Changsha 410083China National Engineering Research Center of Sintering and Pelletizing Equipment System Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co.LtdChangsha 410205China

Dust particles emitted from smelters can be hazardous to ecosystems and humans,as they are often enriched in metallic ***,we combined multi-method mineralogical analysis with a sophisticated size sorting approach for copper smelting dust to study the nanosize-effect on heavy metal distribution,which has hitherto been *** types of dust were collected from a copper flash smelter and then size-sorted using a Dekati low-pressure *** showed that all three samples could easily sort out nanoscale dust particles(m,grades 10–2)and even those smaller than 100 nm(grades 5–2).Especially for electrostatic precipitators dust,the mass fraction of nanoscale dust(m)could reach 10.71%.The presence of heavy metals(Pb,Zn,Cu,and As)and their mineral species in dust was examined at various particle *** was discovered that different heavy metals are enriched on nanoparticles in specific *** micron-sized particles,heavy metals are generally found in discrete phases(e.g.,CuSO_(4),PbSO_(4),and As_(2)O_(3)).in nanoscale particles,the dominant phase is Fe_(3)O_(4),while heavy metals are mostly found in lattice substitution(e.g.,CuFe_(2)O_(4)and ZnFe_(2)O_(4)).Two distinct nano-dust morphologies were found:One with irregular mesh or chain structures consisting of particles of a few nanometers,and the other with polygonal crystals in larger sizes of hundreds of *** enrichment of heavy metals in the latter morphology is more pronounced,possibly because lattice substitution of heavy metals is more likely to occur when polycrystalline particles are formed.

关键词： copper flue dust size-sorted heavy metal distribution morphology nano-sized effects

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Cascade Catalysts Based on Colloidal Engineering

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第9期6卷 2150-2161页

作者： Chen Chen Chin ken Wong Hui Chen Nicole Janoszka Giada Quintieri AndréH.Gröschel School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 Shanghai School of Chemistry University of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneySydney NSW 2052 Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterCorrensstraße 28-3048149 Münster

We see significant progress in the preparation of nanoreactors that host incompatible catalysts for cascade reactions,yet their preparation typically requires specialized,multistep synthetic ***,we utilize core-satellite microparticles as a versatile strategy for the site isolation of catalysts in core and *** core-satellite clusters are prepared by mixing specific amounts of negatively charged core microparticles(e.g.,acid catalyst)with positively charged satellites(e.g.,base catalyst).Core and satellite are made from incompatible polymers allowing solvent-annealing of clusters into different morphologies(raspberry,patchy,and core-shell)while maintaining site isolation of the *** core-satellite microparticles show very good catalytic activity in a model one-pot acid/base cascade reaction with subtle differences regarding particle *** microparticles thereby demonstrated the highest reaction rate and yield,likely due to an alleviated diffusion pathway for the ***,we show that this colloidal engineering strategy can be extended to multifunctional microparticles suitable to perform multistep cascade reactions in one pot.

关键词： cascade catalysts compartmentalization colloidal engineering emulsion polymerization multifunctional particles

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Absorbed Bioactive Compounds Replicate GuanxinⅡ-induced Endothelium-Associated in/ex vivo Vasodilation

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Chinese Journal of integrative medicine 2024年第5期30卷 387-397页

作者： XU min LiU Hao SU meng-qing Li Lan YU Ai-ling CHEN ken HUANG Yun-ke ZHAO Qiu-long HUANG Wen-ya HUANG Xi institute of Traditional Chinese medicine Related Comorbid Depression Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029China Department of Gynecology Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310053China

Objective:To develop an interference-free and rapid method to elucidate GuanxinⅡ(GXⅡ)'s representative vasodilator absorbed bioactive compounds(ABCs)among enormous ***:The contents of ferulic acid,tanshinol,and hydroxysafflor yellow A(FTA)in GXⅡ/rat serum after the oral administration of GXⅡ(30 g/kg)were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass *** 18 rats were randomly assigned to the control group(0.9%normal saline),GXⅡ(30 g/kg)and FTA(5,28 and 77 mg/kg)by random number table *** coronary flow velocity-time integral(VTi),i.e.,coronary flow or coronary flow-mediated dilation(CFmD),and endothelium-intact vascular tension of isolated aortic rings were *** 12 h of exposure to blank medium or 0.5 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2),endothelial cells(ECs)were treated with post-dose GXⅡof supernatant from deproteinized serum(PGSDS,300μL PGSDS per 1 m L of culture medium)or FTA(237,1539,and 1510 mg/m L)for 10 min as control,H_(2)O_(2),PGSDS and FTA *** oxide(NO),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endothelin-1(ET-1),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(mDA)and phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(p-Pi3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT),phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase(p-e NOS)were *** was developed as a GXⅡproxy of ex vivo herbal crude ***:PGSDS effectively eliminates false responses caused by crude GXⅡ*** doses equaled the contents in GXⅡ/its post-dose serum,FTA accounted for 98.17%of GXⅡ-added CFmD and 92.99%of PGSDS-reduced vascular *** ECs,FTA/PGSDS was found to have significant antioxidant(lower mDA and higher SOD,Pial function-protective(lower VEGF,ET-1,Pincreases in aortic relaxation,endothelial NO levels and phosphorylated Pi3K/Akt/e NOS protein induced by FTA/PGSDS were markedly abolished by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NA,e NOS inhibitor)and wortmannin(Pi3K/AKT inhibitor

关键词： ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry endothelium-dependent vasodilation herbal extract GuanxinⅡ absorbed bioactive compound

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Bacterial nanocellulose assembly into super-strong and humidity-responsive macrofibers

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 369-378页

作者： Yadong Zhao Zheng Yang Rusen Zhou Bin Zheng meiling Chen Fei Liu Wenhua miao Renwu Zhou Patrick Cullen Zhenhai Xia Liming Dai Kostya(ken)Ostrikov School of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China State Key Laboratory of Electrical insulation and Power Equipment Center for Plasma BiomedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of SydneySydney 2006Australia School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane 4000Australia Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Australian Carbon materials Centre(A-CmC) School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia

Cellulose macrofibers (mFs) are gaining increasing interest as natural and biodegradable alternatives to fossil-derived polymers for both structural and functional applications. However, simultaneously achieving their exceptional mechanical performance and desired functionality is challenging and requires complex processing. Here, we reported a one-step approach using a tension-assisted twisting (TAT) technique for mF fabrication from bacterial cellulose (BC). The TAT stretches and aligns BC nanofibers pre-arranged in hydrogel tubes to form mFs with compactly assembled structures and enhanced hydrogen bonding among neighboring nanofibers. The as-prepared BC mFs exhibited a very high tensile strength of 1 057 mPa and exceptional lifting capacity (over 340 000 when normalized by their own weight). moreover, due to the volume expansion of BC nanofibers upon water exposure, BC mFs quickly harvested energy from environmental moisture to untwist the bundled networks, thus generating a torsional spinning with a peak rotation speed of 884 r/(min·m). The demonstrated rapid and intense actuation response makes the mFs ideal candidates for diverse humidity-response-based applications beyond advanced actuators, remote rain indicators, intelligent switches, and smart curtains.

关键词： Nanocellulose assembly Cellulose macrofibers Super-strong Humidity-responsive actuation moisture Fast actuation

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Highly efficient and stable organic solar cells with SnO_(2)electron transport layer enabled by UV-curing acrylate oligomers

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 124-131页

作者： mwende mbilo Du Hyeon Ryu Seungjin Lee muhammad Haris Julius mwakondo mwabora Robinson Juma musembi Hang ken Lee Sang Kyu Lee Chang Eun Song Won Suk Shin Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nairobi(UoN)P.O.Box 30197-00100NairobiKenya Advanced Energy materials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea Advanced materials and Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology(UST)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The interfaces between the inorganic metal oxide and organic photoactive layer are of outmost importance for efficiency and stability in organic solar cells(OSCs).Tin oxide(SnO_(2))is one of the promising candidates for the electron transport layer(ETL)in high-performance inverted *** a solution-processed SnO_(2)ETL is employed,however,the presence of interfacial defects and suboptimal interfacial contact can lower the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability of ***,highly efficient and stable inverted OSCs by modification of the SnO_(2)surface with ultraviolet(UV)-curable acrylate oligomers(SAR and OCS)are *** highest PCEs of 16.6%and 17.0%are achieved in Pm6:Y6-BO OSCs with the SAR and OCS,respectively,outperforming a device with a bare SnO_(2)ETL(PCE 13.8%).The remarkable enhancement of PCEs is attributed to the optimized interfacial contact,leading to mitigated surface *** strikingly,improved light-soaking and thermal stability strongly correlated with the interfacial defects are demonstrated for OSCs based on SnO_(2)/UV cross-linked resins compared to OSCs utilizing bare SnO_(2).We believe that UV cross-linking oligomers will play a key role as interfacial modifiers in the future fabrication of large-area and flexible OSCs with high efficiency and stability.

关键词： Organic solar cells SnO_(2) Surface defects Ultraviolet resins Stability Cross-linking oligomers Non-halogenated solvent

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一种用于光电/光热综合利用的光谱选择性金属网格涂层

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太阳能学报 2024年第6期45卷 303-309页

作者：陈肯赵斌裴刚中国科学技术大学热科学和能源工程系合肥230027

针对光电/光热综合利用(PV/T),提出一种纳米级金属(银)网格涂层,在太阳辐射波段(0.3~2.5μm)具有高透过率,在红外波段(2.5~25μm)具有高反射率,与全波段(0.3~25μm)高吸收/发射的PV/T吸收器结合可产生太阳辐射波段高吸收、红外低发射的... 详细信息

针对光电/光热综合利用(PV/T),提出一种纳米级金属(银)网格涂层,在太阳辐射波段(0.3~2.5μm)具有高透过率,在红外波段(2.5~25μm)具有高反射率,与全波段(0.3~25μm)高吸收/发射的PV/T吸收器结合可产生太阳辐射波段高吸收、红外低发射的光谱选择特性,从而显著降低PV/T的辐射热损。基于时域有限差分方法,模拟分析网格周期、宽度和厚度对金属网格涂层光谱特性的影响。结果表明:当纳米金属网格的周期为500 nm,厚度为50 nm、宽度为30 nm时,其太阳波段透过率达到0.90,红外反射率达到0.88。与已有iTO光谱选择性涂层相比,金属网格涂层的太阳辐射透过率提高20%,红外反射率提高24%,同时薄层电阻(5.3Ω/Sq)降低47%。

关键词：太阳能纳米金属热能光电光热综合利用低发射率涂层

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Caveolin‑1 is critical for hepatic iron storage capacity in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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military medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 206-227页

作者： Guang-Hui Deng Chao-Feng Wu Yun-Jia Li Hao Shi Wei-Chao Zhong mu-keng Hong Jun-Jie Li Jia-min Zhao Chang Liu meng-Chen Qin Zhi-Yun Zeng Wei-min Zhang ken Kin Lam Yung Zhi-Ping Lv Lei Gao Department of Gastroenterology Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510315China School of Traditional Chinese medicine Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Department of Hepatology Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510315China Shenzhen Traditional Chinese medicine Hospital Shenzhen 518033GuangdongChina Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SAR 999077China

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with disordered lipid and iron *** previous study has substantiated the pivotal role of Caveolin-1(Cav-1)in protecting hepatocytes and mediating iron metabolism in the *** study aimed to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the regulation of iron metabolism by Cav-1 in ***:Hepatocyte-specific Cav-1 overexpression mice and knockout mice were used in this ***-1-knockdown of RAW264.7 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes were performed to verify the changes in ***,a high-fat diet and palmitic acid plus oleic acid treatment were utilized to construct a NAFLD model in vivo and in vitro,respectively,while a high-iron diet was used to construct an in vivo iron overload ***,iron concentration,the expression of Cav-1 and iron metabolism-related proteins in liver tissue or serum were detected using iron assay kit,Prussian blue staining,Western blotting,immunofluorescence staining,immunohistochemical staining and *** related indicators of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were evaluated by the corresponding reagent kit and ***:Significant disorder of lipid and iron metabolism occurred in *** expression of Cav-1 was decreased in NAFLD hepatocytes(Pmpanied by iron metabolism ***-1 enhanced the iron storage capacity of hepatocytes by activating the ferritin light chain/ferritin heavy chain pathway in NAFLD,subsequently alleviating the oxidative stress induced by excess ferrous ions in the ***,CD68^(+) CD163^(+) macrophages expressing Cav-1 were found to accelerate iron accumulation in the liver,which was contrary to the effect of Cav-1 in *** correlations were also observed between the serum Cav-1 concentration and the serum iron-related protein levels in NAFLD patients and healthy volunteers(Pions:These findings confirm that Cav-1 is an essential target protein that reg

关键词： Caveolin-1 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease iron metabolism Ferritin Oxidative stress

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