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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.P.Nagahawatta m.j.m.S.Kurera Kyung-mo Song Yun-Sang Choi You-jin jeon min-Cheol Kang Department of marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LmPST)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on *** natures of LmPST were attained from *** and appraised their LmPST on palmitic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 *** treatment lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above mentioned *** mechanistic study publicized that LmPST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis ***,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by *** these constructive properties of LmPST2 from ***,is a potential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Low molecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accumulation Obesity Liver steatosis

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel j.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah j.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.mishra Taylor L.marti Phoebe m.Omuro Rylie m.Roddick jae Sung Lee William L.murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord *** much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury,there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels,and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a mild contusion,moderate contusion,severe contusion,or complete transection,7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury,and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex *** demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury,while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development,increased more than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured *** a mild injury,11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male *** conclusion,pro-inflammatory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

Storylines of family medicine Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story

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Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 99-108页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Hamish j Wilson Sumi m Sexton David j Doukas jessica P Cerdena David m Kelley michael D Fetters jeffrey j Haney john j Frey III Family and Preventive medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA General Practice and Rural Health University of Otago Dunedin School of MedicineDunedinNew Zealand Family medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Family and Community medicine Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Family medicine Residency Program Middlesex HealthMiddletownConnecticutUSA Family medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA medical Education and Clinical Sciences Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA Family medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA

Storylines of Family medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story’,authors address the following themes:‘The social construction of professional identity’,‘On becoming a family physician’,‘What’s on the test?—professionalism for family physicians’,‘The ugly doc-ling’,‘Teachers—the essence of who we are’,‘Family medicine research—it starts in the clinic’,‘Socially accountability in medical education’,‘Personal philosophy and how to find it’and‘Teaching and learning with Storylines of Family medicine’.may these essays encourage readers to find their own creative spark in medicine.

关键词： own becoming professional

measurement of cryoelectronics heating using a local quantum dot thermometer in silicon

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 1-7页

作者： mathieu de Kruijf Grayson m.Noah Alberto Gomez-Saiz john j.L.morton m.Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba Quantum motion 9 Sterling WayLondon N79HJUnited Kingdom London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17-19 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUnited Kingdom

Silicon technology offers the enticing opportunity for monolithic integration of quantum and classical electronic ***,the power consumption levels of classical electronics may compromise the local chip temperature and hence affect the fidelity of qubit *** the current work,a quantum-dot-based thermometer embedded in an industry-standard silicon fieldeffect transistor(FET)was adopted to assess the local temperature increase produced by an active FET placed in close *** impact of both static and dynamic operation regimes was thoroughly *** the FET was operated statically,a power budget of 45 nW at 100-nm separation was found,whereas at 216μm,the power budget was raised to 150μ*** temperature increase for the switch frequencies tested up to 10 mHz was observed when operating *** current work introduced a method to accurately map out the available power budget at a distance from a solid-state quantum processor,and indicated the possible conditions under which cryoelectronics circuits may allow the operation of hybrid quantum-classical systems.

关键词： Quantum dot Cryogenic electronics Thermometry Spin qubit Heat management

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

Chemically mediated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect Chemical Ecology

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Phyton-International journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1523-1542页

作者： Taghreed Alsufyani Noura j.Alotaibi Nour Houda m’sakni mona A.Almalki Eman m.Alghamdi Department of Chemistry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing AbdulAziz UniversityP.O.Box 80200Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia

This study simpliﬁes the complex relationship among grapevine plants,aphids,ladybirds,and ants,which is essential for effective pest management and ecological *** study investigated the impact of aphid attacks and the presence of ants and ladybirds on the volatile compounds proﬁle released into the chemosphere of the community consisting of the common vine Vitis vinifera,the aphid Aphis illinoisensis,the ladybird Cocci-nella undecimpunctata-and the ant Tapinoma *** study aims to analyze the volatile compounds emitted by the grapevine and surrounding insects in response to these intricate *** extraction of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)was carried out using closed-loop stripping(CLS)and then analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-mS)and principles coordinated analysis(PCA)was *** grapevine was exposed to different types and order of treatments,including non-infested,aphid-infested,aphid-infested with ant,aphid-infested with ladybird,and various combinations of ant and *** the aphid attack,the outcomes uncovered massive alterations in the volatile compound proﬁ*** grapevine displayed distinct emissions of germacrene D,an alcohol,and an alkene compared to non-infested *** characteristic VOC proﬁle was the share of infested grapes in the presence of ants,with benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes dominating the *** coexistence of ladybirds with ants and aphids resulted in a dif-ferent volatile proﬁle characterized by elevated levels of aldehydes,ketones,α-farnesene,and its hydroxy *** was concluded that the emission of VOCs into the chemosphere of the grapevine communities varied qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the level of the relationship complexity within each community in response to the infestation of grapevines by aphids,the presence of ladybirds as natural predators,and the presence of ant as *** grapevine’s status-dependent compounds

关键词： Aphids Aphis illinoisensis volatile organic compounds chemosphere pest management gas chromatography-mass spectrometry closed-loop stripping

First-principles calculations to investigate structural,electronic,magnetic,optical and thermodynamic properties of RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr,Sm)

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1385-1393,I0007页

作者： A.Ezaier R.masrour m.Hamedoun j.Kharbach A.Rezzouk A.Hourmatallah N.Benzakour K.Bouslykhane Laboratory of Solid Physics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazSidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityBP 1796FezMorocco Equipe de Physique du Solide LaboratoiresLIPIEcole Normale SupérieureBensoudaFèsMorocco

In this paper,we analyzed the physical characteristics of the ternary alloys RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr and Sm)using the first principles calculation based on functional density theory integrated in the Wien2k *** calculated formation energies of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge are−5.3827 and−5.2782 eV/atom,respectively,showing that these alloys may exist *** results of the band structure and density of states indicate that all of the compounds tested are magnetic metals,and their magnetism is mostly related to the contribution of Pr and Sm *** total magnetic moments of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge are 4.07245 and 11.16161μB/f.u,*** parameters such as heat capacity at constant pressure,entropy,Debye temperature,lattice volume,compressibility coefficients,and Grüneisen parameter alloys were calculated using the Gibbs algorithm and studied in depth over a large temperature range of 0-900 *** Debye temperature increases with increasing pressure and decreases with decreasing ***,the Debye temperatures calculated at p=0 GPa and T=300 K are equal to be 342 and 322 K for Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge,*** optical characteristics such as the real and imaginary portions of the dielectric function,the absorption coefficient,the energy-loss function,and the refractive index were investigated and discussed in more depth.

关键词： magnetic metals Functional density theory Density of states magnetic moment Optical and thermodynamic properties Rare earths

Complexed amino acid minerals vs. bis-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： marcos j.B.Santos maria C.m.m.Ludke Leandro m.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello mércia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos jamille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn, mn, and Cu) from complexed amino acid minerals(ZmCAA) and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZmCGly) in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality, yolk mineral deposition, intestinal morphometry, and bone characteristics. From 78 to 98 weeks of age, 400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment. Treatments were distributed in a 2 ×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn, mn, and Cu of ZmCAA or ZmCGly source at 2 levels: low(20, 20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn, mn, and Cu, respectively) or high(40, 40, and 7 mg/kg of Zn, mn, and Cu,respectively). The analysis of variance was performed, and in cases where differences were observed, the means were compared using Tukey?s test(P mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying hens. Hens fed ZmCAA had higher egg production(P = 0.01), egg weight(P = 0.02), egg mass(P = 0.01), and lower feed conversion ratio(P =0.05) compared to those fed ZmCGly. The ZmCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P =0.01), albumen weight(P = 0.01), and eggshell thickness(P mn(PmCAA. Tibia weight(P = 0.04)and bone densitometry(P mCAA supplementation. In the small intestine, ZmCAA resulted in longer villi(P = 0.02) and shorter crypt depth(P = 0.01) in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(P mCAA exhibited superior performance, egg quality, deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk, and bone density compared to hens fed ZmCGly. In this study, older laying hens supplemented with ZmCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport membranes

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： marwan Laqdiem julio García-Fayos Laura Almar Alfonso j.Carrillo Álvaro Represa josém.López Nieto Sonia Escolástico David Catalán-martinez jose m.Serra Instituto de Tecnología Química(Universitat Politècnica de València–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

Industry decarbonization requires the development of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biomass and solar/wind *** the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport membranes(OTms)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing ***,OTms could provide oxygen from different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are more flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furthermore,OTms can be integrated into catalytic membrane reactors,providing new pathways for different *** first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTm material(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),imposing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary *** to the emerging joule effect,the membrane-surface temperature and the associated O_(2) permeation flux could be ***,the OTm is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the membrane was maintained at 650℃.The O_(2)permeation flux reached for the electrified membranes was~3.7 NmL min^(-1)cm^(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTm non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer membrane surface revealed that lower surface temperatures(830℃)were detected at the same imposed electric ***,the electrification concept was demonstrated in a catalytic membrane reactor(CmR)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried *** reaction is very sensitive to temperature,and here,we demonstrate an improvement of the ethylene yield by reaching moderate temperatures in the reaction chamber while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen permeation Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen transport membranes joule effect mixed ionic-electronic conductors Catalytic membrane reactors

Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soumya K.Kar Els Willems Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons j.m.jansman Wageningen Bioveterinary Research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm Group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning *** study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were *** study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression *** Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where mainly the commensals *** the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal *** genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory *** example,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum *** the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O con

关键词： Immune system Intestinal functionality microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide