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Environmental Factors Affecting Chromium-manganese Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in Soil

Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 84-89页

作者： D.O.P.TREBIEN L.BORTOLON m.j.TEDESCO C.A.BISSANI F.A.O.CAmARGO Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Department of Soil Science Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Disposal of chromium （Cr） hexavalent form, Cr（Ⅵ）, in soils as additions in organic fertilizers, liming materials or plant nutrient sources can be dangerous since Cr（Ⅵ） can be highly toxic to plants, animals, and humans. In order to explore soil conditions that lead to Cr（Ⅵ） generation, this study were performed using a Paleudult （Dystic Nitosol） from a region that has a high concentration of tannery operations in the Rio Crande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Three laboratory incubation experiments were carried out to examine the influences of soil moisture content and concentration of cobalt and organic matter additions on soil Cr（Ⅵ） formation and release and manganese （mn） oxide reduction with a salt of chromium chloride （CrCl3） and tannery sludge as inorganic and organic sources of Cr（Ⅲ）, respectively. The amount of Cr（Ⅲ） oxidation depended on the concentration of easily reducible mn oxides and the oxidation was more intense at the soil water contents in which mn（Ⅲ/Ⅳ） oxides were more stable. Soluble organic compounds in soil decreased Cr（Ⅵ） formation due to Cr（Ⅲ） complexation. This mechanism also resulted in the decrease in the oxidation of Cr（Ⅲ） due to the tannery sludge additions. Chromium（Ⅲ） oxidation to Cr（Ⅵ） at the solid/solution interface involved the following mechanisms： the formation of a precursor complex on manganese （mn） oxide surfaces, followed by electron transfer from Cr（Ⅲ） to mn（Ⅲ or Ⅳ）, the formation of a successor complex with mn（Ⅱ） and Cr（Ⅵ）, and the breakdown of the successor complex and release of mn（Ⅱ） and Cr（Ⅵ） into the soil solution.

关键词： cobalt Cr(VI) oxidation mn oxides soil moisture tannery sludge

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Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第8期34卷 199-222页

作者： mohamed A.El-Nemr Ibrahim m.A.Ismail Nabil m.Abdelmonem Ahmed El Nemr Safaa Ragab Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Renewable Energy Program Zewail City of Science and TechnologyEgypt Environmental Division National Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesKayet BeyEl-AnfoushyAlexandriaEgypt

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration *** new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI)ions from aqueous solution has been *** biochars,melon-B,melon-BO-NH_(2) and melon-BO-TETA,were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50%sulfuric acid to give melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give melon-BO-NH_(2) or Triethylenetetramine(TETA)to give *** prepared biochars were characterized by BET,BjH,SEm,FT-IR,TGA,DSC and EDAX *** highest removal percentage of Cr(VI)ions was 69%for melon-B,98%for melon-BO-NH_(2) and 99%for melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L^(−1) Cr(VI)ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L^(−1) adsorbents *** unmodified biochar(melon-B)and modified biochars(melon-BO-NH_(2) and melon-BO-TETA)had maximum adsorption capacities(Q_(m))of 72.46,123.46,and 333.33 mg·g^(−1),*** amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar,whereas the surface area was *** obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function *** Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of melon-B,melon-BO-NH_(2) and melon-BO-TETA,*** adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate ***,the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption *** adsorption for the melon-B,melon-BO-NH_(2) and melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.

关键词： Waste treatment Powder technology Citrullus lanatus Hexavalent chromium Biochar amination Adsorption

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The future of feed formulation for poultry:Toward more sustainable production of meat and eggs

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 71-87页

作者： Gene m.Pesti mingan Choct Poultry Hub Australia ArmidaleNSW 2351Australia The University of Georgia AthensGA 30602USA The University of New England ArmidaleNSW 2351Australia

Current methods for feed formulation are based on minimizing costs,not maximizing *** models of bird growth and reproduction as functions of genetic,feed and other environmental variables are being developed,but their adaptation has been *** development of profit maximizing models will evolve to center on the production functions of broilers and *** production functions are the relationship between the value of products(mainly meat and eggs)and the cost of *** production function is the tool used to maximize profits subject to all the various inputs,not just feed or *** production function is subject to the law of diminishing *** most profitable output levels are those where the marginal value(price)of the meat or eggs is just equal to the marginal cost of the inputs including feed,housing,processing and all other *** that affects the production function,bird genetics,feed quality,housing and environment,will be considered to maximize profits for the poultry *** profit maximizing models of poultry firms will improve as various technical improvements are made:metabolizable energy to describe ingredients will evolve to net energy systems that consider that the heat production(and therefore energetic efficiency)of broilers is different depending on the ingredients used to formulate the feed and the environmental temperatures under which they are *** acid needs will include a method to find the birds’needs for the nonessential amino acids.“Digestible”amino acid assays will differentiate between digestion and absorption to best balance various *** carbohydrate fractions of feed ingredients will be determined to optimize the use of exogenous *** value of meat and egg co-products will reduce overall costs(e.g.,organic fertilizer for crop enhancement).Future profit maximizing production models will be ever evolving processes where field conditions and results are continually being utiliz

关键词： Feed formulation Linear programming Non-linear Programming Econometrics

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Direct microwave leaching conditions of rare earth elements in fluorescent wastes

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.Bilen B.Birol m.N.Saridede S.S.Kaplan m.S.Sonmez Department of metallurgical and materials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Chemical Engineering and materials Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Department of metallurgical and materials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The luminescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lamp constitutes 2%of the lamp’s *** can be mentioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw material to produce rare earth *** the present study,microwave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elements yttrium(Y),europium(Eu),and remaining rare earth elements(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the microwave leaching process,the effects of the temperature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HNO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 mol/L),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction time(5-90 min)parameters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elements and calcium were *** highest yield was obtained in the direct microwave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experimental conditions of 6 mol/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(S:L),and 90 *** energy calculations were made,and kinetic models of the reactions were obtained,and it is observed that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),and terbium(Tb)were examined to be chemical reaction ***,calcium(Ca)and gadolinium(Gd)seem coherent with the mixed ***,mathematical models of all experimental studies are created with the response surface Box-Behnken method and the correlation coefficients of all the models are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elements(REEs) Direct microwave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic models Response surface method

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A WW Domain-Containing Protein Forms Immune Nuclear Bodies against Begomoviruses

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molecular Plant 2018年第12期11卷 1449-1465页

作者： lara P. Calil lana P.S. Quadros Thais C. Araujo Christiane E.m. Duarte Bianca C. Gouveia-mageste jose Cleydson F. Silva Otavio j.B. Brustolini Ruan m. Teixeira Caue N. Oliveira Rafael W.m.m. milagres Gilberto S. martins joanne Chory Pedro A.B. Reis joao Paulo B. machado Elizabeth P.B. Fontes Departament of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Universidade Federal de Vigosa Vigosa Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil Nati onal In stitute of Science and Tech no logy in Plant-Pest Interactions Bioagro Universidade Federal de Vicosa Vinosa Minas Gerais 36570-000 Brazil Departament of Genetics Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Howard Hughes medical Institute and Plant Biology Laboratory The Salk Institute of Biological Studies La Jolla CA 92037 USA Agronomy Institute Universidade Federal de Vigosa Campus Florestal Florestal Minas Gerais 35690-000 Brazil These authors contributed equally to this article

The bipartite begomoviruses (Geminiviridae family), which are DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of infected cells, encode the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) to facilitate the translocation of viral DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores. This intracellular trafficking of NSP-DNA complexes is accessorized by the NSP-interacting guanosine triphosphatase (NIG) at the cytosolic side. Here, we report the nuclear redistribution of NIG by AtWWPI, a WW domain-containing protein that forms immune nuclear bodies (NBs) against begomoviruses. We demonstrated that AtWWPI relocates NIG from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it is confined to AtWWP1-NBs, suggesting that the NIG-AtWWP1 interaction may interfere with the NIG pro-viral function associated with its cytosolic localization. Consistent with this assumpti on joss AtWWPI functi on cuased plants more susceptible to begomovirus infection, whereas overexpression of AWWP1 enhaneed plant resistance to begomovirus. Furthermore, we found that a mutant versi on of AtWWPI defective for NB formatio n was noIonger capable of interacti ng with and relocating NIG to the nucleus and lost its immune function against begomovirus. The antiviral function of AtWWP1-NBs, however, could be antagonized by viral infection that induced either the disruption or a decrease in the number of AtWWP1-NBs. Collectively, these results led us to propose that AtWWPI organizes nuclear structures into nuclear foci, which provide intrinsic immunity against begomovirus infection.

关键词： nuclear bodies antiviral immunity begomovirus NIG AtWWP1

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more than a simple egg:Underlying mechanisms of cold tolerance in avian embryos

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 267-280页

作者： Ibrahim m.Ahmad Dongming Li Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China

Avian embryos,which develop within eggs,exhibit remarkable tolerance to extremely low *** being a common trait among all birds,the mechanisms underlying this cold tolerance in avian embryos remain largely *** gain a better understanding of this phenomenon and the coping mechanisms involved,we reviewed the literature on severe cold tolerance in embryos of both wild and domestic *** found that embryos of different bird orders exhibit tolerance to severe cold during their *** response to cold stress,embryos slow down their heartbeat rates and *** severe cold temperatures,embryos can suspend these processes,entering a torpid-like state of cardiac *** compensate for these developmental delays,embryos extend their regular incubation *** on their embryonic age,embryos of all bird species can tolerate acute severe cold regimes;only a few tolerate chronic severe cold *** also discussed various extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the tolerance of bird embryos to low temperatures before and after *** tolerance appears to be a heritable trait shared by wild and domestic embryos of all bird classes,regardless of egg size or development(altricial/precocial).Driven by environmental variability,cold tolerance in avian embryos is an optimal physiological and ecological strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of cold conditions on their development in response to fluctuating environmental temperatures.

关键词： Acute cold tolerance Avian embryo Chronic cold tolerance Embryonic development Hatching success Incubation period

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Enhancing secrecy rates in a wiretap channel

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Digital Communications and Networks 2020年第1期6卷 129-135页

作者： Shahid m.Shah Vinod Sharma Department of ECE Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India

Reliable communication imposes an upper limit on the achievable rate,namely the Shannon ***'s wiretap coding ensures a security constraint and reliability,but results in a decrease of achievable *** mitigate the loss in secrecy rate,we propose a coding scheme in which we use sufficiently old messages as key and prove that multiple messages are secure with respect to all the information possessed by the *** also show that we can achieve security in the strong ***,we study a fading wiretap channel with full channel state information of the eavesdropper's channel and use our coding/decoding scheme to achieve a secrecy capacity close to the Shannon capacity of the main channel(in the ergodic sense).Finally,we study a case where the transmitter does not have instantaneous information of the channel state of the eavesdropper,but only its distribution.

关键词： Physical layer security Rate loss Secret key Wiretap channel Secrecy capacity

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Calculation of Elastic Scattering Properties in an Ultra-Cold ^85Rb-^85Rb Vapour

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Chinese Physics Letters 2004年第12期21卷 2395-2398页

作者： m.KemalOEztürk SüleymanOEzcelik DepartmentofPhysics UniversityofGazi06500TeknikokullarAnkaraTurkey

We report the calculation of the same-species elastic scattering properties for the ultracold rubidium--rubidium (85Rb--85Rb) system and the results are compared with other theoretical and experimental results in detail. We present an improved potential for triplet ground states of the Rb2 molecule, and calculate the scattering lengths at and the effective range r3 using WKB and Numerov methods for two rubidium-85 collisions in the triplet state. Also, we investigate the convergence of these scattering properties, i. e. the dependence on core radius and K0 parameter using quantum defect theory and the analytic calculations of scattering length obtained by Szmytkowski. In addition, we present evaporative cooling and other results that include phase shift and cross section at zero energy limit.

关键词： Atomic and molecular physics Computational physics

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EFFECT OF HEAT TREATmENT ON RECOVERY STRESS OF Fe-18mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni ALLOY

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1999年第5期12卷 743-746页

作者： Li, N. Wen, Y.H. Xu, Y.G. Tu, m.j. Li, P.Q. Liu, Y.L. ma, Y.L. Sichuan Univ Chengdu China

The effect of quenching temperature on the recovery stress of Fe 18mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni shape memory alloy has been studied. The results show that both the maximum recovery stress σ h in heating and the recovery stress σ c at room temperature after heating increased as increasing quenching temperature increased, both σ h and σ c reached maximum at 650℃, and then decreased rapidly with the further increase in quenching temperature,but the descent degree of σ c was far bigger than that of σ h; When the quenching temperature is higher than 850℃, the further increase in quenching temperature had little effect on them; At random quenching temperature, σ c was far bigger than σ h.

关键词： shape memory alloy quenching recovery stress

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在土地使用混合的流域中确定低影响开发(LID)的优先场地

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城市规划学刊 2015年第3期 125-126页

作者： mARTIN-mIKLE C j DE BEURS K m jULIAN j P

快速城市化及其相关活动是溪流退化的主要原因之一。随着城市土地面积的增加,流入城区的溪流水质大幅降低。城区的扩张产生了更多的不透水地面,溪流被掩埋,改变了水域水文。低影响开发(LID)是一种以缓解土地开发对环境影响为目标的土地... 详细信息

快速城市化及其相关活动是溪流退化的主要原因之一。随着城市土地面积的增加,流入城区的溪流水质大幅降低。城区的扩张产生了更多的不透水地面,溪流被掩埋,改变了水域水文。低影响开发(LID)是一种以缓解土地开发对环境影响为目标的土地使用总体规划和设计方法,致力于通过(使用雨水桶、屋顶绿化和多孔铺面等)降低本地不透水表面径流,通过(草地洼地、雨水花园和蓄水池)减缓和过滤到达主要溪流的过量径流、泥沙和污染物,通过(保护和恢复岸缓冲区)减慢和过滤邻近主要溪流网络的径流,被认为是减少流入溪流的径流和污染物负荷的有效途径。本文主要介绍了一种空间显性法(spatially-explicit approach),用以

关键词：低影响开发流域雨水花园 LID 集水区尺度水文敏感区土地

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