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Developing one-dimensional implosions for inertial confinement fusion science

High Power Laser science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-7页

作者： j.L.Kline s.A.Yi A.N.simakov R.E.Olson D.C.Wilson G.A.Kyrala T.s.Perry s.H.Batha E.L.Dewald j.E.Ralph D.j.strozzi A.G.macPhee D.A.Callahan D.Hinkel O.A.Hurricane R.j.Leeper A.B.Zylstra R.R.Peterson B.m.Haines L.Yin P.A.bradley R.C.shah T.braun j.Biener B.j.Kozioziemski j.D.sater m.m.Biener A.V.Hamza A.Nikroo L.F.Berzak Hopkins D.Ho s.LePape N.B.meezan D.s.montgomery W.s.Daughton E.C.merritt T.Cardenas E.s.Dodd Los Alamos National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. One reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion gains.To tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional(1D) implosion platform where 1D means measured yield over the 1D clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the DT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However,double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. Details for each of these approaches are described.

关键词： beryllium capsules double shells inertial confinement fusion liquid layers

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measurements of Laminar Burning Velocities of Alternative Fuels:Application in Transport and Aerospace

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journal of Thermal science 2023年第2期32卷 503-512页

作者： RICHTER sandra braun-UNKHOFF marina NAUmANN Clemens German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Combustion TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Kinetics and AnalyticsStuttgart 70569Germany

The laminar burning velocity belongs to the fundamental combustion properties of fuels being a measure for their heat release,flame length,as well as reactivity and combustion stability,and thus,may impact the design of burners and combustion chambers.Also,these experimental data are needed for the validation and optimization within the construction and development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms.Within this study,an overview of the different applications of fuel characterization regarding the specific area of interest(road transport,aviation,and aerospace)will be given.Depending on the application,effects of different molecular characteristics on the laminar burning velocity are evaluated:the presence of oxygen atoms and the grade of branching in a specific fuel molecule as well as the difference in the type of a chemical bond,here,single and double bonds.Examples of alternative fuels being discussed in the present study are:(Ⅰ)oxymethylene ether(OmEn)in the field of road transport;(Ⅱ)a paraffinic Alcohol-to-jet fuel as sustainable aviation fuel;and(Ⅲ)mixtures of ethane or ethene with nitrous oxide as green propellants for rocket propulsion applications.

关键词： laminar burning velocity alternative sustainable fuels road transport aviation fuels green propellants

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Computing on Phenotypic Descriptions for Candidate Gene Discovery and Crop Improvement

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 118-121页

作者： Ian R.braun Colleen F.Yanarella Carolyn j.Lawrence-Dill Interdepartmental Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

many newly observed phenotypes are first described,then experimentally manipulated.These language-based descriptions appear in both the literature and in community datastores.To standardize phenotypic descriptions and enable simple data aggregation and analysis,controlled vocabularies and specific data architectures have been developed.such simplified descriptions have several advantages over natural language:they can be rigorously defined for a particular context or problem,they can be assigned and interpreted programmatically,and they can be organized in a way that allows for semantic reasoning(inference of implicit facts).Because researchers generally report phenotypes in the literature using natural language,curators have been translating phenotypic descriptions into controlled vocabularies for decades to make the information computable.Unfortunately,this methodology is highly dependent on human curation,which does not scale to the scope of all publications available across all of plant biology.simultaneously,researchers in other domains have been working to enable computation on natural language.This has resulted in new,automated methods for computing on language that are now available,with early analyses showing great promise.Natural language processing(NLP)coupled with machine learning(mL)allows for the use of unstructured language for direct analysis of phenotypic descriptions.Indeed,we have found that these automated methods can be used to create data structures that perform as well or better than those generated by human curators on tasks such as predicting gene function and biochemical pathway membership.Here,we describe current and ongoing efforts to provide tools for the plant phenomics community to explore novel predictions that can be generated using these techniques.We also describe how these methods could be used along with mobile speech-to-text tools to collect and analyze in-field spoken phenotypic descriptions for association genetics and breeding applications.

关键词： stores translating enable

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Long-COVID-19: the persisting imprint of sARs-CoV-2 infections on the innate immune system

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 12-13页

作者： marianne Boes Pascal Falter-braun Center for Translational Immunology and Department of Pediatric Immunology University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands Institute of Network Biology(INET) Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center(MTTC)Helmholtz MunichNeuherbergGermany microbe-Host Interactions Faculty of BiologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenPlanegg-MartinsriedGermany

In a recent Cell publication,Cheong et al.uncover how COVID-19 causes IL-6 induced epigenetic reprogramming of human immune stem cells,which causes lasting alterations in the composition and response characteristics of circulating immune cells.1 The study provides important insights into the mechanisms by which sARsCoV-2 infections impact the human immune system and is an important hook into unraveling the mechanisms of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19(PAsC)commonly referred to as longCOVID.

关键词： system COV programming

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signals and noise in the octavolateralis systems: What is the impact of human activities on fish sensory function?

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第1期10卷 4-14页

作者： Christopher B.braun Department of Psychology Hunter CollegeCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA

The octavolateralis systems of fishes include the vestibular,auditory,lateral line and electrosensory systems.They are united by common developmental and neuro-computational features,including hair cell sensors and computations based on cross-neuron analyses of differential hair cell stimulation patterns.These systems also all use both spectral and temporal filters to separate signals from each other and from noise,and the distributed senses(lateral line and electroreception)add spatial filters as well.Like all sensory systems,these sensors must provide the animal with guidance for adaptive behavior within a sensory scene composed of multiple stimuli and varying levels of ambient noise,including that created by human activities.In the extreme,anthropogenic activities impact the octavolateralis systems by destroying or degrading the habitats that provide ecological resources and sensory inputs.At slightly lesser levels of effect,anthropogenic pollutants can be damaging to fish tissues,with sensory organs often the most vulnerable.The exposed sensory cells of the lateral line and electrosensory systems are especially sensitive to aquatic pollution.At still lesser levels of impact,anthropogenic activities can act as both acute and chronic stressors,activating hormonal changes that may affect behavioral and sensory function.Finally,human activities are now a nearly ubiquitous presence in aquatic habitats,often with no obvious effects on the animals exposed to them.ship noise,indigenous and industrial fishing techniques,and all the ancillary noises of human civilization form a major part of the soundscape of fishes.How fish use these new sources of information about their habitat is a new and burgeoning field of study.

关键词： audition,electrosense lateral line soundscape underwater noise

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对话Philippe braun:详解建筑细部

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建筑创作 2023年第6期 148-163页

作者： Phitippe braun OmA

胡越:我注意到Axelspringer的外墙主要由两种模式的玻璃幕墙构成,请您介绍一下这两种玻璃幕墙的特点,以及采取这种方式的原因。Philippebraun:两种不同类型的幕墙决定了建筑外观。其中,立面主体幕墙围合建筑空间,强调出项目的建筑体量,... 详细信息

胡越:我注意到Axelspringer的外墙主要由两种模式的玻璃幕墙构成,请您介绍一下这两种玻璃幕墙的特点,以及采取这种方式的原因。Philippebraun:两种不同类型的幕墙决定了建筑外观。其中,立面主体幕墙围合建筑空间,强调出项目的建筑体量,在北向立面通过进一步的调整和差异化手法与周围环境相呼应,封闭的中庭立体幕墙构造则将台地式露台部分与外部隔开。

关键词：玻璃幕墙建筑细部建筑外观建筑体量周围环境中庭露台围合

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sWEET as sugar： New sucrose Effluxers in Plants

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molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 766-768页

作者： R. Frank Baker Kristen A. Leach David m. braun Division of Biological sciences Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize Center University of Missouri 110 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211

Photosynthesis leads to the fixation of carbon in leaves and to the accumulation of carbohydrates （e.g., sucrose, starch）. This assimilated carbon must be transported from the leaves （source tissues） to non-photosynthetic organs （sink tissues）, such as roots and seeds. Despite the essentiality of this process in plants, a complete understanding of the actors involved in sucrose export from leaves is lacking. sWEET proteins are a newly identified class of sugar transporters that facilitate dif- fusion of sugars across cell membranes down a concentration gradient. In this perspective, we highlight the recent publica- tion of Chen et al. （2012）, which reports that sWEET proteins transport sucrose across cell membranes, are expressed in a subset of phloem parenchyma cells,

关键词： Candy foliage sugar protein sweeteners plants Fueling actor Carbon Fixation saccharose snow goose

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Do human activities influence survival and orientation abilities of larval fishes in the ocean?

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第1期10卷 65-82页

作者： Ulrike E.sIEBECK jack O’CONNOR Christoph braun jeffrey m.LEIs school of Biomedical sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Ichthyology The Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia Department of Environmental studies University of Technology SydneyUltimoAustralia Institute for marine and Antarctic studies University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia

The larval stages of most marine fishes spend days to weeks in the pelagic environment,where they must find food and avoid predators in order to survive.some fish only spend part of their life history in the pelagic environment before returning to their adult habitat,for example,a coral reef.The sensory systems of larval fish develop rapidly during the first few days of their lives,and here we concentrate on the various sensory cues the fish have available to them for survival in the pelagic environment.We focus on the larvae of reef fishes because most is known about them.We also review the major threats caused by human activities that have been identified to have worldwide impact and evaluate how these threats may impact larval-fish survival and orientation abilities.many human activities negatively affect larval-fish sensory systems or the cues the fish need to detect.Ultimately,this could lead to decreased numbers of larvae surviving to settlement,and,therefore,to decreased abundance of adult fishes.Although we focus on species wherein the larvae and adults occupy different habitats(pelagic and demersal,respectively),it is important to acknowledge that the potential anthropogenic effects we identify may also apply to larvae of species like tuna and herring,where both larvae and adults are pelagic.

关键词： climate change larval fish pollution sensory systems teleost fish

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iPlant systems Biology (iPsB): An International Network Hub in the Plant Community

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molecular Plant 2019年第6期12卷 727-730页

作者： Pascal Falter-braun siobhan Brady Rodrigo A.Gutierrez Gloria m.Coruzzi Gabriel Krouk Institute of Network Biology (INET) Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen (HMGU) 85764 Munchen-Neuherberg Germany microbe-Host Interactions Faculty of Biology. Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Departamento de Genetica molecular y microbiologia FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago 8331150 Chile Center for Genomics and systems Biology Department of Biology New York University New York NY 10003 USA B&PmP Univ Montpellier CNRS INRA SupAgro Montpellier France

sequenced genome of a multicellular organism (Arabidopsis Genome, 2000) completed just after those of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans sequencing Consortium, 1998) and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Adams et al., 2000). Availability of a full whole-genome sequence for the reference plant opened to plant biologists what is commonly called the post-genomic era.

关键词： systems Biology International Network Hub Plant Community

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Adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation:Comparison of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with standard T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography for evaluation of donor biliary anatomy

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5820-5825页

作者： Perdita Wietzke-braun Felix braun Dieter müller Thomas Lorf Burckhardt Ringe Giuliano Ramadori Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Germany Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie und Thorax-chirurgie Universitt Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel Germany Abteilung für Diagnostische Radiologie Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Germany Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Germany Center for Liver Pancreas and Biliary Disease Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia United States

AIm: To compare the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and standard T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography (mRC) in the evaluation process as adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLTx) demands a successful outcome, and exact knowledge of the biliary tree is implicated to avoid biliary complications, postoperatively.mETHODs: After starting the LDLTx program, 18 liver transplant candidates were selected for LDLTx by a stepwise evaluation process. ERC and standard T2-weighted mRC were performed to evaluate the biliary system of the donor liver. The anatomical findings of ERC and mRC mapping were compared using the Ohkubo classification. REsULTs: ERC allowed mapping of the whole biliary system in 15/15 (100%) cases, including 14/15 (93.3%) with biliary variants while routine mRC was only accurate in 2/13 (15.4%) cases. mRC was limited in depicting the biliary system proximal of the hepatic bifurcation. Postoperative biliary complications occurred in 2 donors and 8 recipients. Biliary complications were associated with Ohkubo type C, E or G in 6/8 recipients, and 2/3 recipients with biliary leak received a graft with multiple (≥2) bile ducts. CONCLUsION: Pretransplant ERC is safe and superior over standard mRC for detection of biliary variations that occur with a high frequency. However, precise knowledge of biliary variants did not reduce the incidence of postoperative biliary complications.

关键词：肝移植排斥反应内窥镜胆管造影磁共振成像

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