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Petrogenesis of middle Triassic Volcaniclastic Rocks from Balochistan,Pakistan:Implications for the Break-Up of Gondwanaland

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第2期28卷 218-228页

作者： Rehanul Haq Siddiqui m.Qasim Jan m.ishaq kakar Andrew C.Kerr Abdul Salam Khan Ehsanullah kakar Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Seiences Quetta 87300 Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Pakistan & COMSTECH Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Centre of Excellence in mineralogy University of Balochistan Quetta 87300 Pakistan School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff University Main Building Park Place Cardiff Wales CF 10 3AT UK

Basaltic volcanic conglomerates near the Wulgai village in Balochistan occur in the undivided sedimentary rock unit of the Bagh complex which is the mélange zone beneath the muslim Bagh ophiolite. The presence of middle Triassic grey radiolarian chert within the upper and lower horizon of the conglomerates suggests that the lavas, from which these conglomerates were principally derived, were eroded and re-deposited in the middle Triassic. The Wulgai conglomerate contains several textural and mineralogical varieties of volcanic rocks, such as porphyritic, glomerophyric, intersertal and vitrophyric basalts. The main minerals identified in these samples are augite, olivine, plagioclase（An35–78） leucite and nosean, with apatite ilmenite, magnetite and hematite occurring as accessory minerals. These rocks are mildly to strongly-alkaline with low mg~# and low Cr, Ni and Co contents suggesting that their parent magma had undergone considerable fractionation prior to eruption. Trace element-enriched mantle-normalized patterns with marked positive Nb anomalies are consistent with 10%–15% melting of an enriched mantle source in a within-plate tectonic setting. It is proposed that this middle Triassic intra-plate volcanism may represent mantle plume-derived melts related to the Late Triassic rifting of micro-continental blocks（including Afghan, Iran, Karakorum and Lhasa） from the northern margin of Gondwana.

关键词： middle Triassic Wulgai volcaniclastics juvenile Ceno-Tethys

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Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous Tholeiitic Volcanism and Oceanic Island Arc Affinity of the Chagai Arc, Western Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第4期91卷 1248-1263页

作者： Rehanul Haq SIDDIQUI m. Qasim JAN mohammad Asif KHAN m. ishaq kakar John D. FODEN Baluchistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Peshawar & COMSTECH Islamabad Pakistan Karakoram International University Gilgit Pakistan Centre of Excellence in mineralogy University of Baluchistan Quetta Pakistan Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

The Late Cretaceous Chagai arc outcrops in western Pakistan, southern Afghanistan and eastern Iran. It is in the Tethyan convergence zone, formed by northward subduction of the Arabian oceanic plate beneath the Afghan block. The oldest unit of the Chagai arc is the Late Cretaceous Sinjrani Volcanic Group. This is composed of porphyritic lava flows and volcaniclastic rocks, and subordinate shale, sandstone, limestone and chert. The flows are fractionated low-K tholeiitic basalts, basaltic- andesites, and andesites. Relative enrichment in their LILE and depletion in HFSE, and negative Nb and Ta and positive K, Ba and Sr anomalies point to a subduction-related origin. Compared to mORB, the least fractionated Chagai basalts have low Na2O, Fe2O3^T, CaO, Ti, Zr, Y and ^87Sr/^86Sr. Rather than an Andean setting, these results suggest derivation from a highly depleted mantle in an intraoceanic arc formed by Late Cretaceous convergence in the Ceno-Tethys. The segmented subduction zone formed between Gondwana and a collage of small continental blocks （Iran, Afghan, Karakoram, Lhasa and Burma） was accompanied by a chain of oceanic island arcs and suprasubduction ophiolites including Semail, Zagros, Chagai-Raskoh, Kandahar, muslim Bagh, Waziristan and Kohistan-Ladakh, Nidar, Nagaland and manipur. These complexes accreted to the southern margin of Eurasia in the Late Cretaceous.

关键词： Chagai arc tholeiitic volcanics Late Cretaceous western Pakistan

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Genesis of manganese Deposits in the Ali Khanzai Block of the Zhob Ophiolite,Pakistan:Inferences from Geochemistry and mineralogy

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第5期31卷 884-895页

作者： muhammad Ayoub Khan muhammad ishaq kakar Thomas Ulrich Liaqat Ali Andrew CKerr Khalid mahmood Rehanul Haq Siddiqui Center of Excellence in mineralogy University of BalochistanQuettaPakistan Department of Geoscience Aarhus UniversityHoegh-Guldbergs Gade 2QK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark National Center of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawarPakistan School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardijf UniversityCardiffWales CF103 YEUK Department of Earth Sciences、University of Sargodha SargodhaPakistan Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management SciencesQuettaPakistan

The Zhob ophiolite comprises the Naweoba, Omzha and Ali Khanzai blocks, which are surrounded by the sediments of the Alozai Group and Loralai Formation. The Ali Khanzai Block contains metamorphic, ultramafic, gabbroic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with associated chert. The Zhob manganese deposits found in the Ali Khanzai Block, occur in banded, lenticular and massive forms within red to brown coloured metachert. Braunite and pyrolusite are the main constituent manganese-bearing minerals with minor hausmannite, hematite and barite while quartz is the major gangue mineral with some carbonate minerals. Geochemical evidence from the major oxides indicates that the manganese mineralization and associated metachert at Zhob were formed by hydrothermal activity with little contribution from contemporaneous volcanic materials and this is confirmed by high Fe/mn and low Co/Zn ratios and trace element patterns. These deposits formed along with seafloor spreading centres and were later obducted as part of Ali Khanzai Block of Zhob ophiolite.

关键词： Zhob ophiolite manganese ore hydrothermal genesis

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Securitization and State Sponsorship of Non-State Actors: Analyzing the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2023年第4期16卷 477-494页

作者： Akbar Khan Allauddin kakar Commandand Staff College Quetta Pakistan

This article investigates the dynamics of rivalry and state sponsorship of non-state actors by explaining the Saudi-Iranian rivalry through the lens of securitization *** study elucidates that despite the enduring nature of their rivalry,both Iran and Saudi Arabia have exhibited a degree of restraint in escalating their conflicting dyadic *** further notes that this behavior has forced them to securitize various issues in the region,framing them as potential threats to national and regime security,that has allowed them to build alliance and provide critical support to nonstate actors across the *** so doing,Tehran and Riyadh seek to expand their influence and hunt their strategic and tactical objectives within the middle *** policy is primarily driven by geopolitical concerns rather than ideological or ethnic entitlements.

关键词： Rivalry Non-state actors Iran Saudi Arabia Securitization

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Baseline Isolated Printed Text Image Database for Pashto Script Recognition

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 875-885页

作者： Arfa Siddiqu Abdul Basit Waheed Noor muhammad Asfandyar Khan m.Saeed H.kakar Azam Khan Department of Computer Science&Information Technology University of BalochistanQuetta87300Pakistan

The optical character recognition for the right to left and cursive languages such as Arabic is challenging and received little attention from researchers in the past compared to the other Latin ***,the absence of a standard publicly available dataset for several low-resource lan-guages,including the Pashto language remained a hurdle in the advancement of language *** that,a clean dataset is the fundamental and core requirement of character recognition,this research begins with dataset generation and aims at a system capable of complete language *** in view the complete and full autonomous recognition of the cursive Pashto *** first achievement of this research is a clean and standard dataset for the isolated characters of the Pashto *** this paper,a database of isolated Pashto characters for forty four alphabets using various font styles has been *** order to overcome the font style shortage,the graphical software Inkscape has been used to generate sufficient image data samples for each *** dataset has been pre-processed and reduced in dimensions to 32×32 pixels,and further converted into the binary format with a black background and white text so that it resembles the modified National Institute of Standards and Technology(mNIST)*** benchmark database is publicly available for further research on the standard GitHub and Kaggle database servers both in pixel and Comma Separated Values(CSV)formats.

关键词： Text-image database optical character recognition(OCR) pashto isolated characters visual recognition autonomous language understanding deep learning convolutional neural network(CNN)

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Fully Intermittent, Thrice-Weekly Dose of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs; Their Efficacy under Routine Program Conditions of India

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Journal of Health Science 2016年第1期4卷 15-25页

作者： Raman kakar DTC (District TB Center) Government District Civil Hospital Faridabad Haryana State India

When discovered, anti-tuberculosis drugs were always administered in Daily-doses; it worked wonders! Later, studies claimed these drugs could cure even in thrice-weekly doses （intermittently）. Not everyone believed that. Three Reviews （Cochrane, Thorax, Azhar） appear unconvinced! Also, most nations （including 20 High TB Burden Countries） continue to practice time-tested Daily dosing! INDIA adopted a unique low-cost, thrice-weekly regimen around 2000. During 15 years, under national program, Thrice-weekly doses have been administered to 15 million TB patients, self-claiming 85% success. To revisit long-term outcome of all registered patients in a district; identify the one, who didn＇t achieve long-lasting recovery with a single course, was later found re-registered for a second innings; his name figures twice in national registry （a Repeater）. Author heads District Tuberculosis Center, Faridabad, India; monitors thousands of current/ex-patients on Thrice-weekly regimen. By providence, he enjoys unique access to registered patients, data, district TB-workers. Two methods of data collection： 1. Author motivated district work-force; jointly conducted systematic Retrospective Record Review of hand-written registers of past 15 years, one at a time--thus identified over 1,575 Repeaters. 2. Author has been conducting ongoing Clinical Audit in his busy TB OPD for 6 years. He is able to cherry-pick （average） one Repeater per day; thus tracked 3,100 Repeaters-about half come in from Delhi＇s premier TB institutes, duly diagnosed, referred in for local registration for Re-treatment. Long-term fate of 36,785 registered TB patients could be analyzed. 4,675 patients observed to have returned sick, meriting Re-registration, Re-treatment; thus over 12.7 % registered twice/thrice （names, unique govt. ID＇s, irrefutable evidence enclosed）-an adverse outcome, unreported thus far-a bubble. Besides, study recorded 1,590 （5%） Deaths; 2,590 （8%） Defaulters. Under India＇s routine program cond

关键词： TB tuberculosis DOTS RNTCP NTP thrice-weekly dose intermittent regimen relapse recurrence scholarly article.

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Physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various farming systems of cold arid region in Balochistan,Pakistan

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2618-2630页

作者： KHAN mehmood GUL Shamim kakar Hidayatullah PANEZAI Sanaullah KHAN Nayab ZIAD Tariq NASEEm mahrukh SHAHEEN Umbreen Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111 Lakeshore Road Ste.Anne de BellevueQuébec H9X 3V9Canada Directorate of Agriculture Research Soil and Water TestingAgricultural Research InstituteQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Geography and Regional Planning University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan

Barshore is a small village in the Pishin District,Balochistan,Pakistan,with dry summers and cold rainy *** is an agrarian region,mostly with orchards of various fruit *** study investigated the physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various agricultural management practices of this *** concentrations of soil organic matter(SOm),soil organic carbon(SOC),nutrients,pH,electrical conductivity,soil texture,and the abundance and number of species of soil macrofauna of the agricultural fields were *** agricultural fields were *** fields were orchards of apple,apricot or the mixture of apple and apricot trees and one field was a cropland,cultivated with wheat as a *** orchards were under conservation agricultural practices;whereas,the cropland was under conventional *** agricultural lands were 2-26 years *** concentration of soil organic matter(SOm)in the upper 0-10 cm depth of these field sites ranged from 11.6 g kg^(-1)to 32.8 g kg^(-1)*** compared to cropland,orchards had significantly higher concentration of SOm and SOC.A total of 18 soil macrofauna species were found and the most common and abundant were ants(monomorium minimum,Camponotus pennsylvanicus,Solenopsis invicta,and Lasius niger)followed by Arion ssp.(Brown Slug)and earthworm Lumbricus *** analysis revealed non-significant relationship of the age and the concentration of SOm with the number of macrofauna species and with the concentrations of total mineral nitrogen,bioavailable phosphorus and *** existence of ants had no relationship with the concentration of SOm;whereas,existence of Lumbricus terrestris tended to had a positive relationship with the concentration of *** field of tree-based intercropping system was 2 years of age since the land was converted from rangeland to a cropland,had two ant species *** indicates the positive influence of crop diversification on soil

关键词： Soil organic matter macrofauna Land use history Tree-based intercropping Conservation agriculture

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Poultry manure as an Organic Fertilizer with or without Biochar Amendment:Influence on Growth and Heavy metal Accumulation in Lettuce and Spinach and Soil Nutrients

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 651-676页

作者： Hira Javaid Siddiqui Shamim Gul Attiq-ur-Rehman kakar Umbreen Shaheen Gul Bano Rehman Naqeebullah Khan Samiullah Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Department of Chemistry University of BalochistanQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta87300Pakistan

This pot-based study investigated the influence of poultry manure and 1:1 mixture of poultry manure+biochar(produced from farmyard manure[FYm]or wood),on the biomass production and concentration of heavy metals in leaves of lettuce and *** concentration of mineral nitrogen(N)and soluble inorganic phosphorus(P)of soils cultivated with these vegetables was also *** application of poultry manure or FYm biochar in soil as 10%(equivalent to 60 t ha^(-1),an estimated 1726.8 kg ha^(-1)N in poultry manure and 1353.9 kg ha^(-1)N in FYm)and 15%amendment(equivalent to 90 t ha^(-1),an estimated 2590.2 kg ha^(-1)N in poultry manure and 2030.8 kg ha^(-1)N in FYm)significantly decreased biomass production of lettuce as compared to control(no fertilizer added)***,mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived biochar at both application rates(i.e.,10%and 15%)and with FYm biochar at lower application rate(i.e.,10%)caused 2-3-fold increase in aboveground plant biomass and 2-14-fold increase in root biomass(pmore,as compared to control treatment,a significant~2-3-fold increase in aboveground plant biomass was also observed in response to mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived and FYm derived biochars at 10%amendment *** compared to control treatment,concentration of mineral N and soluble inorganic P were higher in soils of all other *** spinach,amendment of poultry manure or its co-amendment with biochar of FYm significantly increased aboveground plant biomass at 7%(equivalent to 42 t ha^(-1))as compared to 3%and 5%amendment rates(equivalent to 18 and 30 t ha^(-1)respectively).The concentration of soil mineral N and soil soluble mineral P was not different between *** lettuce,wood-derived biochar did not reduce concentration of heavy metals(i.e.,manganese(mn),copper(Cu),iron,(Fe),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),nickel(Ni)and cobalt(Co)than FYm-derived biochar while in spinach,as compared to poultry manure,co-amendment of

关键词： Biochar poultry manure lettuce spinach

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Global lessons on delivery of primary healthcare services for people with non-communicable diseases:convergent mixed methods

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Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第3期12卷 13-24页

作者： Robert mash Lisa R Hirschhorn Inayat Singh kakar Renu John manushi Sharma Devarsetty Praveen Stellenbosch University StellenboschSouth Africa Northwestern University ChicagoIllinoisUSA The George Institute for Global Health New DelhiIndia The George Institute for Global Health HyderabadIndia manipal Academy of Higher Education ManipalIndia

Objective To extract key lessons on primary healthcare(PHC)service delivery strategies for non-communicable diseases(NCD)from the work of researchers funded by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases(GACD).Design A convergent mixed methods study that extracted data using a standardised template from research projects funded by the GACD that focused on *** strategies implemented in these studies were mapped onto the PHC Performance Initiative *** qualitative interviews were conducted with researchers from purposefully selected projects to understand the strategies and contextual factors in more *** PHC contexts from low or middle-income countries(LmIC)as well as vulnerable groups within high-income *** came from all regions of the world,particularly East Asia and Pacific,sub-Saharan Africa,South Asia,Latin America and *** The study extracted data on 84 research projects and interviewed researchers from 16 research *** Research projects came from all regions of the world,and mainly focused on diabetes(35.3%),hypertension(28.3%)and mental health(27.6%).mapped onto the PHC Performance Initiative framework:49.4%focused on high-quality PHC(particularly the comprehensiveness of NCD care,41.2%);41.2%on the availability of PHC services(particularly the competence of healthcare workers,36.5%);35.3%on population health management(particularly community-based services,35.3%);34.1%on facility organisation and management(particularly team-based care,20.0%)and 31.8%on access(particularly digital technology,23.5%).most common strategies were task shifting and training to improve the comprehensiveness of NCD care through community-based *** factors related to inputs:infrastructure,equipment and medication,workforce(particularly community health workers),finances,health information systems and digital *** Key strategies and contextual factors to improve PHC service del

关键词： services convergent income

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Status of Community Resilience in Disaster Prone Districts of Baluchistan, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2015年第4期4卷 126-135页

作者： Nasrullah Syed Ainuddin Khair muhammad kakar Pakistan Study Center University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan Department of Agriculture Government of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan

Resilience to natural hazards and disasters is inevitable when linked with community. Social resilience is the key to achieve risk reduction measures at the local levels. The objective of the paper is to assess the community resilience of the three disaster prone districts in Balochistan. A sample of 399 households was selected using stratified sampling with proportional allocation method. Four components of community resilience were assessed. The results reveal that in all components of resilience district Ziarat was more resilient compared with other two districts followed by district Jaffarabad and Nushki. The article recommends that certain initiatives may be take in the other districts also to enhance the community resilience to different disasters particularly by conducting awareness complains, diversification of income sources, and physical structure to various natural hazards.

关键词： Status Community Resilience Disaster Pakistan

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