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Aerodynamic Loading Distribution Effects on the Overall Performance of Ultra-High-Lift LP Turbine Cascades

Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第1期23卷 1-12页

作者： m.Berrino F.Satta D.Simoni m.Ubaldi P.Zunino F.Bertini DImE Università degli Studi di Genova Via Montallegro 1I-16145 GenovaItaly Avio S.p.A. Professors I Maggio 56I-10040 Rivalta (TO) Italy

The present paper reports the results of an experimental investigation aimed at comparing aerodynamic perform- ance of three low-pressure turbine cascades for several Reynolds numbers under steady and unsteady inflows. This study is focused on finding design criteria useful to reduce both profile and secondary losses in the aero-engine LP turbine for the different flight conditions. The baseline blade cascade, characterized by a standard aerodynamic loading （Zw=1.03）, has been compared with two Ultra-High-Lift profiles with the same Zweifel number （Zw=1.3 for both cascades）, but different velocity peak positions, leading to front and mid-loaded blade cascade configurations. The aerodynamic flow fields downstream of the cascades have been experimentally in- vestigated for Reynolds numbers in the range 70000〈Re〈300000, where lower and upper limits are typical of cruise and take-off/landing conditions, respectively. The effects induced by the incoming wakes at the reduced frequency ./＋=0.62 on both profile and secondary flow losses for the three different cascade designs have been studied. Total pressure and velocity distributions have been measured by means of a miniaturized 5-hole probe in a tangential plane downstream of the cascade for both inflow conditions. The analysis of the results allows the evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of the blade cascades in terms of profile and secondary losses and the understanding of the effects of loading distribution and Zweifel number on secondary flows. When operating un- der unsteady inflow, contrarily to the steady case, the mid-loaded cascade has been found to be characterized by the lowest profile and secondary losses, making it the most attractive solution for the design of blades working in real conditions where unsteady inflow effects are present.

关键词： Low-Pressure Turbine Ultra-High-Lift Prof'des Profile Losses Secondary Losses mid-Loaded Blade Cascades Aft-Loaded Blade Cascades.

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Long-term changes in mandibular bone microchemical quality after radiation therapy and underlying systemic malignancy:A pilot study

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第6期4卷 90-101页

作者： A.Palander H.Dekker m.Hyvärinen L.Rieppo I.Lyijynen E.A.J.m.Schulten C.m.Ten Bruggenkate A.Koistinen A.Kullaa m.J.Turunen Institute of Dentistry University of Eastern Finland P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology Amsterdam University medical Centers and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 11171081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Research Unit of medical Imaging Physics and Technology University of Oulu P.O.Box 5000 FI-90014 University of OuluFinland SIB Labs University of Eastern Finland P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Educational Dental Clinic Kuopio University Hospital P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland

Radiation therapy(RT)is a treatment option for head and neck cancer(HNC),but 2%of RT patients may experience damage to the jawbone,resulting in osteoradionecrosis(ORN).The ORN can manifest years after RT *** in the local microchemical bone quality prior to the clinical manifestation of ORN could play a key role in ORN *** bone quality can be analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),that is applied to examine the effects of cancer,chemotherapy,and RT on the quality of human man-dibular *** mandibular bone samples were harvested from dental implant beds of 23 individuals,i.e.,patients with surgically and radiotherapeutically treated HNC(RT-HNC,n=7),surgically and radiochemotherapeutically treated HNC(CH-RT-HNC,n=3),only surgically treated HNC(SRG-HNC,n=4),and healthy controls(n=9).Infrared spectra were acquired from two representative regions of interest in cortical mandibular *** parameters,i.e.,mineral-to-matrix ratio(mm),carbonate-to-matrix ratio(Cm),carbonate-to-phosphate ratio(CP),collagen maturity(cross-linking),crystallinity,acid phosphate substitu-tion(APS),and advanced glycation end products(AGEs),were analyzed for each *** I region of the CH-RT-HNC group differed from the control group in cluster analysis(p=0.02).Apart from a minor variation trend in collagen maturity(p=0.07),there were no other signif-icant differences between the ***,the effect of radiochemotherapy on mandibular bone composition should be further *** future trials,this study design is potential when the effects of the cancer burden and different HNC treatment modalities on jawbone composition are studied,in order to reveal ORN pathogenesis.

关键词： mandibular bone radiation therapy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Computational aerodynamic analysis on perimeter reinforced(PR)-compliant wing

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第5期26卷 1093-1105页

作者： N.I.Ismail A.H.Zulkifli m.Z.Abdullah m.Hisyam Basri Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah Faculty of mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA40450 Shah AlamSelangorMalaysia School of mechanical Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus14300 Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia School of materials and mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus14300 Nibong TebalPenangMalaysia

Abstract Implementing the morphing technique on a micro air vehicle （mAV） wing is a very chal- lenging task, due to the mAWs wing size limitation and the complex morphing mechanism. As a result, understanding aerodynamic characteristics and flow configurations, subject to wing structure deformation of a morphing wing mAV has remained obstructed. Thus, this paper presents the investigation of structural deformation, aerodynamics performance and flow formation on a pro- posed twist morphing mAV wing design named perimeter reinforced （PR）-compliant wing. The numerical simulation of two-way fluid structure interaction （FSI） investigation consist of a quasi- static aeroelastic structural analysis coupled with 3D incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes and shear-stress-transport （RANS-SST） solver utilized throughout this study. Verification of numerical method on a rigid rectangular wing achieves a good correlation with available exper- imental results. A comparative aeroelastic study between PR-compliant to PR and rigid wing per- formance is organized to elucidate the morphing wing performances. Structural deformation results show that PR-compliant wing is able to alter the wing＇s geometric twist characteristic, which has directly influenced both the overall aerodynamic performance and flow structure behavior. Despite the superior lift performance result, PR-compliant wing also suffers from massive drag penalty, which has consequently affected the wing efficiency in general. Based on vortices investigation, the results reveal the connection between these aerodynamic performances with vortices formation on PR-comoliant wing.

关键词： Aerodynamics Aeroelasticity Fluid structure interaction micro air vehicle (mAV) morphing wing

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Effects of Halloysite Nanotube Reinforcement in Expandable Graphite Based Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings Developed Using Hybrid Epoxy Binder System

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第11期36卷 1286-1296页

作者： Qandeel Fatima Gillan Faiz Ahmad m.I.Abdul mutalib Puteri S.m.megat-Yusoff Sami Ullah mechanical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS31750 TronohPerakMalaysia Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS31750 TronohPerakMalaysiac Department of mechanical Engineering University of Gujrat50700 GujratPakistan

In this study, the effects of halloysite nanotubes （HNTs） reinforcement in expandable graphite based intumescent fire retardant coatings （IFRCs） developed using a polydimethylsiloxane （PDmS）/phenol BA epoxy system were investigated. Intumescent coating formulations were developed by incorporating different weight percentages of HNTs and PDmS in basic intumescent ingredients （ammonium polyphosphate/melamine/boric acid/expandable graphite, APP/mEL/BA/EG）. The performance of intumescent formulations was investigated by furnace fire test, Bunsen burner fire test, field emission electron microscopy （FESEm）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, transmission electron microscopy （TEm）, and Fourier transform infrared analysis （FTIR）. The Bunsen burner fire test results indicated that the fire performance of HNTs and PDmS reinforced intumescent formulation has improved due to the development of silicate network over the char residue. Improved expansion in char residue was also noticed in the formulation, SH（3）, due to the minimum decomposition of char carbon. FESEm and TEm results validated the development of silicate network over char layer of coating formulations. A considerable mass loss difference was noticed during thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA） of intumescent coating formulations. Reference formulation, SH（0） with no filler, degraded at 300 ~C and lost 50% of its total mass but SH（3）, due to synergistic effects between PDmS and HNTs, degraded above 400 ~C and showed the maximum thermal stability. XRD analysis showed the development of thermally stable compound mulltie, due to the synergism of HNTs and siloxane during intumescent reactions, which enhanced fire performance. FTIR analysis showed the presence of incorporated siloxane and silicates bonds in char residue, which endorsed the toughness of intumescent char layer produced. moreover, the synergistic effect ofHNTs, PDmS, and other basic intumescent ingredients enhanced the polymer cross-linking in binder system an

关键词： Polydimethylsiloxane (PDmS) Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) Intumescent fire retardant coatings (IFRC) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Transmission electron microscopy (TEm)

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Seismic performance and global ductility of RC frames rehabilitated with retrofi tted joints by CFRP laminates

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第1期13卷 59-73页

作者： m.Fakharifar m.K. Sharbatdar Z.Lin A.Dalvand A.Sivandi-Pour G.Chen Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringMissouri University of Science and Technology Department of Civil Engineering Semnan University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering North Dakota State University

This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) *** new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole *** confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame *** seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC *** results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints.

关键词： beam-column joints behavior factor retrofit FRP dynamic analysis seismic performance

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Polyplex interaction strength as a driver of potency during cancer immunotherapy

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5642-5656页

作者： Shannon d. Tsai James I. Andorko Xiangbin Zeng Joshua m. Gammon Christopher m. dewell Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Marylond 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedicol Devices University of Maryland 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA United States Department of Veterans Affairs Maryland VA Health Care System 10 North Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA Deportment of microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland Medical School 685 West Baltimore Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA

many experimental cancer vaccines are exploring toll-like receptor agonists （TLRas） such as CpG, a DNA motif that agonizes toll-like receptor 9 （TLR9）, to trigger immune responses that are potent and molecularly-specific. The ability to tune the immune response is especially important in the immunosuppressive microenvironments of tumors. Because TLR9 is located intracellularly, CpG must be internalized by immune cells for functionality. Polyplexes can be self- assembled through electrostatics using DNA （anionic） condensed by a positively charged carrier. These structures improve cell delivery and have been widely explored for gene therapy. In contrast, here we use cationic poly （^-amino esters）（PBAEs） to assemble polyplexes from CpG as an adjuvant to target and improve immune stimulation in cells and mouse models. Polyplexes were formed over a range of PBAE：CpG ratios, resulting in a library of complexes with increasingly positive charge and stronger binding as PBAE：CpG ratio increased. Although higher PBAE：CpG ratios exhibited improved CpG uptake, lower ratios of PBAE：CpG--which condensed CpG more weakly, activated DCs and tumorspecific T cells more effectively. In a mouse melanoma model, polyplexes with lower binding affinities improved survival more effectively compared with higher binding affinities. These data demonstrate that altering the polyplex interaction strength impacts accessibility of CpG to TLRs in immune cells. Thus, physiochemical properties, particularly the interplay between charge, uptake, and affinity, play a key role in determining the nature and efficacy of the immune response generated. This insight identifies new design considerations that must be balanced for engineering effective immunotherapies and vaccines.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy nanoparticle vaccine polyplex

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Phase Diagram Body-Centredof Catalytic Oxidation of CO on the Surface-Subsurface of a Body-Centred Cubic Structure with Eley-Rideal Process： A monte Carlo Simulation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2004年第9期21卷 1838-1841页

作者： AU.Qaisrani m.Khalid musaKaleemBalocht DepartmentofPhysics GomalUniversityD.I.KhanPakistan DepartmentofChemistry GomalUniversityD.I.KhanPakistan

monte Carlo simulation is used to explore the effects of the Eley-Rideal (ER) process on the phase diagram of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) type monomer–dimer (CO–O2) catalytic reaction on the surface and subsurface of a body-centred cubic structure, which extends to only two layers in the z-direction. The dimer (O2) is adsorbed in such a way that it takes one surface site whereas the second site is from the subsurface. For this mechanism, an interesting situation develops. The production rate of CO2 is found to be consistent with experiment. The qualitative trend of the surface oxygen coverage is not consistent with the experimental situation in one model while it is found to be consistent with that in another model, i.e. the coverage of surface oxygen decreases slowly with increase of concentration of CO (yCO). moreover, the production of CO2 can be predicted in the form of a mathematical relation.

关键词： Phase diagrams

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Effect of Ringer's Solution on Wear and Friction of Stainless Steel 316L after Plasma Electrolytic Nitrocarburising at Low Voltages

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2011年第10期27卷 906-912页

作者： N.Afsar Kazerooni m.E.Bahrololoom m.H.Shariat F.mahzoon T.Jozaghi Department of materials Science and Engineering Shiraz University

A plasma electrolytic nitrocarburising （PEN/C） process was performed on stainless steel 316L to improve the surface properties for using as medical implants. A bath was optimised to reduce the required voltage to 150 volts. Aqueous urea-based solutions with 10% NH4Cl were prepared with slightly different amounts of Na2CO3 to optimise the electrolyte composition. The surface and the cross-section morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure and the chemical composition of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） techniques. The microstructure of the outer layer of the coatings was found to be a complex oxide containing Cr and Fe. The wear properties of the samples were examined by using a pin on disk wear test with Ringer＇s solution and were compared with their wear properties in the ambient atmosphere. The Ringe（s solution acted as a lubricant, reducing friction coefficient. Hardness and roughness were also studied. The bath with the composition of 10% NH4CI and 3% Na2CO3 exhibited the best tribological properties. The results showed that the tribological properties of treated samples were improved and the wear mechanism was abrasion of the pin.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic nitrocarburising Ringer's solution Tribological properties

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Structural, electronic, and optical properties of ZnO_(1-x)Se_x alloys using first-principles calculations

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第8期22卷 581-588页

作者： muhammad Rashid Fayyaz Hussain muhammad Imran S A Ahmad N A Noor m U Sohaib S m Alay-e-Abbas Department of Physics Simulation Laboratory the Islamia University of Bahawalpur63100 Pakistan Department of Physics University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus54590 Lahore Pakistan Lahore Development Authority 54590 Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics GC University FaisalabadAllama Iqbal Road Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of binary ZnO, ZnSe compounds, and their ternary ZnOl_xSex alloys are computed using the accurate full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital （FP-LAPW ＋ lo） method in the rocksalt （B 1） and zincblende （B3） crystallographic phases. The electronic band structures, fundamental energy band gaps, and densities of states for ZnO1_xSex are evaluated in the range 0 〈 x 〈 1 using Wu-Cohen （WC） generalized gradient approximation （GGA） for the exchange-correlation potential. Our calculated results of lattice parameters and bulk modulus reveal a nonlinear variation for pseudo-binary and their ternary alloys in both phases and show a considerable deviation from Vegard＇s law. It is observed that the predicted lattice parameter and bulk modulus are in good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. We establish that the composition dependence of band gap is semi-metallic in B1 phase, while a direct band gap is observed in B3 phase. The calculated density of states is described by taking into account the contribution of Zn 3d, O 2p, and Se 4s, and the optical properties are studied in terms of dielectric functions, refractive index, reflectivity, and energy loss function for the B3 phase and are compared with the available experimental data.

关键词： density functional theory alloys structural electronic optical properties

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manipulation of Crawling Growth for the Formation of Sub-millimeter Long ZnO Nanowalls

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2008年第4期24卷 589-593页

作者： H.J.FAN m.Zacharias Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge U.K. Faculty of Applied Science Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Germany Formerly at： max Planck Institute of microstructure Physics Halle Germany

Vapor-phase growth of ZnO nanowires based on gold catalyst is usually accompanied with lateral crawling growth on the substrate surface. We present results from our systematic experiments where the growth temperature and catalyst size are controlled. The data corroborate that it is possible to obtain clean vertical nanowire arrays while avoiding the crawling growth. 0% the other hand, crawling growth can be manipulated to obtain root-interconnected nanowire arrays, which could be useful for certain applications. Our results also imply that the previously suggested growth mechanism for the wire-on-wall hybridstructure might be incorrect. Finally, we show the formation of sub-millimeter long, straight ZnO nanowalls by combining a gold-catalyzed epitaxial growth of vertical nanowires and their mergence due to a confined crawling growth. These unconventional nanostructures might have unique electric or optical transport properties.

关键词： Nanowire Nanowall ZnO Crawling growth

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