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Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.R.gupta James m.Tiedje CSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over *** soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal *** present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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Investigation of performance and emission characteristics using ethanol-blended gasoline fuel as a flex-fuel in two-wheeler vehicle mounted on a chassis dynamometer

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 174-193页

作者： gupta, Sourabh Kanchan, Sumit Kaur, Rupinder Sandhu, Sarbjot Singh Lovely Profess Univ Sch Mech Engn Phagwara Punjab India Lovely Profess Univ Div Innovat & Entrepreneurship Phagwara Punjab India Dr BR Ambedkar Natl Inst Technol Dept Mech Engn Jalandhar India

This study investigated the performance and emissions of flex fuels in a 110-cc BS6-compliant fuel-injected two-wheeler without ethanol adaptation adjustments. The tests were carried out under controlled conditions on a chassis dynamometer at 1000, 2000 and 3000 r.p.m. using ethanol blends from 10% ethanol (E10) to 85% ethanol (E85). Parameters examined included brake power (BP) output, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), peak in-cylinder pressure and exhaust temperature. Emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and unregulated emissions, were also assessed. As the percentages of the ethanol blend increased from E10 to E85, there was a noticeable improvement in power output. At 1000 r.p.m., the BP ranged from 2.4 to 4.6 kW for different blends. The BSFC and the peak in-cylinder pressure followed a similar pattern, indicating enhanced performance and fuel efficiency with higher ethanol concentrations. Interestingly, using E85 at 1000 r.p.m. resulted in a significant 41.08% reduction in exhaust temperature compared with E10, although this difference decreased with higher blend percentages. Furthermore, replacing E10 with E85 at 1000 r.p.m. reduced CO and HC emissions by 9.17% and 38.34%, respectively. In contrast, NOx emissions increased at all r.p.m. levels with higher-ethanol blends, peaking at a 415 parts per million increase at 3000 r.p.m. However, unregulated emissions decreased significantly with increased r.p.m. and ethanol content. In summary, the use of flex-fuel blends in a two-wheeler resulted in a modest increase in BP output, improved fuel efficiency and lower CO and HC emissions. These findings are vital for optimizing ethanol blend utilization in two-wheeler engines under low-load conditions, considering both performance and environmental aspects. The performance and emissions of flex fuels in a 110-cc BS6-compliant fuel-injected two-wheeler are reported under controlled conditions on a chassis dynamometer a

关键词： flex fuel ethanol regulated emissions unregulated emissions chassis dynamometer performance characteristics EXHAUST-GAS RECIRCULATION ENGINE ImPACT ENERGY mETHANOL

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Investigating the Evolution of Amati Parameters with Redshift

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 188-200页

作者： meghendra Singh Darshan Singh Kanhaiya Lal Pandey Dinkar Verma Shashikant gupta Delhi metro Rail Corporation Limited New Delhi 110001India GD Goenka University Gurugram 122103India Department of Physics Mata Raj Kaur Institute of Engineering and TechnologyRewari 123401India Department of Physics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) are among the brightest objects in the Universe and, hence, can be observed up to a very high redshift. Properly calibrated empirical correlations between intensity and spectral correlations of GRBs can be used to estimate the cosmological parameters. However, the possibility of the evolution of GRBs with redshift is a long-standing puzzle. In this work, we used 162 long-duration GRBs to determine whether GRBs below and above a certain redshift have different properties. The GRBs are split into two groups, and we fit the Amati relation for each group separately. Our findings demonstrate that estimations of the Amati parameters for the two groups are substantially dissimilar. We perform simulations to investigate whether the selection effects could cause the difference. Our analysis shows that the differences may be either intrinsic or due to systematic errors in the data, and the selection effects are not their true origin. However, in-depth analysis with a new data set comprised of 119 long GRBs shows that intrinsic scatter may partly be responsible for such effects.

关键词： Cosmology gamma rays:general (cosmology:)large-scale structure of universe galaxies:high-redshift

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Smart tailoring of molecular catalysts:mounting approach to oxygen reduction reaction

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 169-184页

作者： Anuj Kumar mohd Ubaidullah Guoxin Zhang Jasvinder Kaur Saira Ajmal mudassir Hasan Krishna Kumar Yadav Hafiz m.Adeel Sharif Ram K.gupta Ghulam Yasin Nano-Technology Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryGLA UniversityMathuraUttar Pradesh 281406India Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China Department of Chemistry Kansas Polymer Research CenterPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKS 66762United States Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional UniversityRatibadBhopal 462044India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarNasiriyah 64001Iraq Department of Chemical Engineering King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry School of SciencesIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar Pradesh 244102India Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguanGuangdong 523808China

Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern *** this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligently toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),a fundamental process in fuel cells,due to their redox-rich chemistry,which involves core metal ions and macrocyclic *** concerned scientific community has tried many times to correlate the ORR intermediates with their formation kinetics and simplify the associated multi H+/e-stages during the ORR process,constructing several volcano plots be-tween catalytic Tafel data,turnover frequencies,and overpotentials for many *** the fact that many review articles on molecular electrocatalysts for ORR have been published,understanding the strategic implications and molecular catalyst intelligence towards homogenous ORR has been poorly *** review examined the relationships between volcano plots of current *** parameters and the Sabatier principle in order to explain the intelligence of molecular electrocatalysts and approaches for their creation,as well as the difficulties and potential prospects of molecular *** facts distinguish this review from previously published articles and will pique the scien-tific community’s interest in avoiding trial-and-error procedures for catalyst creation while also allowing for more exact evaluations of the molecular catalyst’s performance.

关键词： Electrocatalysis molecular catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Sabatier principle

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Improving Heat Transfer in Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors by magnetic Nanofluids

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Energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 835-848页

作者： Ritesh Singh Abhishek gupta Akshoy Ranjan Paul Bireswar Paul Suvash C.Saha Department of Applied mechanics Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagrajIndia Department of mechanical and mechatronic Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

A parabolic trough solar collector(PTSC)converts solar radiation into thermal ***,low thermal efficiency of PTSC poses a hindrance to the deployment of solar thermal power *** performance of PTSC is enhanced in this study by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into the working *** circular receiver pipe,with dimensions of 66 mm diameter,2 mm thickness,and 24 m length,is exposed to uniform temperature and velocity *** working fluid,Therminol-66,is supplemented with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 1%to 4%.The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of nanoparticles increases the convective heat transfer coefficient(HTC)of the PTSC,with higher nanoparticle volume fractions leading to greater heat transfer but increased pressure *** thermal enhancement factor(TEF)of the PTSC is positively affected by the volume fraction of nanoparticles,both with and without a magnetic ***,the scenario with a 4%nanoparticle volume fraction and a magnetic field strength of 250 G exhibits the highest TEF,indicating superior thermal *** findings offer potential avenues for improving the efficiency of PTSCs in solar thermal plants by introducing magnetic nanoparticles into the working fluid.

关键词： Parabolic trough solar collector(PTSC) magnetic nanofluid(mNF) heat transfer convective heat transfer coefficient(HTC) thermal enhancement factor(TEF)

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methyl-salicylate:A surveillance system fortriggering immunity in neighboring plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 163-165页

作者： Saumya Jaiswal Durgesh Kumar Tripathi Ravi gupta JingHe Zhong-Hua Chen Vijay Pratap Singh Plant Physiology Laboratory Department of Botany C.M.P.Degree CollegeA Constituent Post Graduate College ofUniversity of AllahabadPrayagraj 211002India Crop Nanobiology and molecular Stress Physiology LabAmity Institute of Organic Agriculture Amity University UttarPradeshNoida 201313India College of General Education Kookmin UniversitySeoul 02707South Korea School of Science Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2751New South WalesAustralia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western SydneyUniversitySydney 2751New South WalesAustralia

Plant behavioral actions have been one of the major topicsof research in plant biology and *** actionsfrom plants are determined by their instant structural andphysical reactions to the circumstances(Bouwmeester et al.,2019).Upon sensing abiotic factors such as salinity,flooding,high temperature,drought,plants make suitable changes intheir physiology and behavior to survive such harsh conditions.

关键词： immunity neighboring salinity

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Graphene derivatives as efficient hole transport materials for lead-free double perovskite(CsSnI) solar cells: a numerical study

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年

作者： SARITA YADAV SARAL K gupta C.m.S.NEGI Department of Physical Science，Banasthali Vidyapith

The double perovskite Cs2SnI6has notable optical and electrical characteristics， rendering it a highly prospective candidate for deployment as the absorber layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We simulated the performance of PSCs using lead-free Cs2SnI6double perovskite absorber layer and graphene derivatives， namely graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)， as hole transport layers (HTLs). Our findings show that rGO offers an excellent hole extraction property with minimal interfacial recombination compared to GO. PSC utilizing rGO as the HTL material achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.07%， while those employing GO HTL attained only 16.9%. The superior performance of rGO is attributed to its greater charge carrier mobility of rGO and its favorable energy level alignment with the double perovskite absorber layer. In contrast， the mismatch in the charge transport properties between the absorber layer and the GO HTL resulted in poor performance. Our study showcases the potential of using graphene derivative-based HTLs for realizing lead-free PSCs.

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Estimating Optimal Location of STATCOm and minimization of Congestion Cost by Locational marginal Price Using Flower Pollination， and Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New series) 2024年

作者： Gagandeep Kaur Akhil gupta Electrical Engineering Department， m.R.Singh Punjab Technical University Electrical Engineering Department， I.K.Gujral Punjab Technical University main Campus

Restructuring of power market not only introduces competition， but also brings complexity which increases overloading of Transmission Lines (TL). To obliviate this complexity， this paper aims to mitigate the overloading and estimate the optimal location of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOm) by reducing congestion for a deregulated power system. The proposed method is based on the use of Locational marginal Price (LmP) difference technique and congestion cost. LmPs are obtained as a by-product of Optimal Power Flow (OPF)， whereas Congestion Cost (CC) is a function of difference in LmP and power flows. An endeavor is justified by reducing the CCand solution space which can identify the TLs more suitable for placement of STATCOm. Importantly， total real power loss， reactive power loss and total CCare the three main objective functions in this optimization process. The process is implemented by developing an IEEE-69 bus test system which verifies and validates the effectiveness of proposed optimization technique. Additionally， a comparative analysis is enumerated by implementing two optimization techniques: Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The comparative analysis is sufficient to demonstrate the superiority of FPA technique over PSO technique in estimating an optimal placement of a STATCOm. The results from the load-flow analysis illustrate the reduction in CC， total real and reactive power loss using FPA technique over PSO technique. Overall， satisfactory results are obtained without using complex calculations which verify the effectiveness of optimization techniques.

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Violence study of healthcare workers and systems in the Caribbean:ViSHWaS-Caribbean study

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World Journal of methodology 2024年第3期14卷 106-118页

作者： Reshon Hadmon Daniella myriam Pierre Akshat Banga Jacques W Clerville Hans mautong Precious Akinsanya Rajat Das gupta Sama Soliman Tolupe m Hunjah Bamidele A Hunjah Hafeez Hamza Ruman Khurshid Qasba Faisal A Nawaz Salim Surani Rahul Kashyap Department of medicine St.George University School of MedicineGrenada FZ818West Indies Department of Research Global Remote Research Scholar ProgramSt PaulMN 55101United States Department of Public Health Cuny Graduate School of Public Health and Health PolicyNew YorkNY 10027United States Department of Internal medicine Sawai Man Singh Medical CollegeJaipur 302004India School of Public Health Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30302United States Department of Sociology and Demography School of HealthUniversidad de Especialidades Espiritu SantoSamborondon 092301Ecuador Department of medicine Holy Name Medical CenterTeaneckNJ 07666United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208United States Department of medicine Pavlov First State Medical University of St PetersburgSankt-Peterburg 197022Russia Department of medicine University of SuffolkIpswich IP41QJUnited Kingdom Department of medicine Unicaf University of ZambiaLusaka 20842Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of PharmacyGirne 99428Cyprus Department of medicine Sher-i-KashmirInstitute of Medical ScienceSrinagar 190011India Department of Psychiatry Al Amal Psychiatric HospitalEmirates Health ServicesDubaiUnited Arab Emirates Department of medicine and Pharmacology Texas A and M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Anesthesiology and Critical Care Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States

BACKGROUND Violence against healthcare workers(HCWs)in the Caribbean continues to prevail yet remains *** aim is to determine the cause,traits,and consequences of violence on HCWs in the *** To determine the cause,traits,and consequences of violence on HCWs in the *** This research adopted an online cross-sectional survey approach,spanning over eight weeks(between June 6th and August 9th,2022).The survey was generated using Research Electronic Data Capture forms and followed a snowballing strategy to contact individuals using emails,social media,text messages,*** regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables that influence violence,including gender,age,years of experience,institution type,and night shift *** The survey was completed by 225 *** comprised 61%.Over 51%of respondents belonged to the 21 to 35 age ***(n=61),Haiti(n=50),and Grenada(n=31)had the most *** HCWs(49%)worked for government academic institutions,followed by community hospitals(23%).medical students(32%),followed by attending physicians(22%),and others(16%)comprised the most common cadre of *** 39%of the participants reported experiencing violence themselves,and 18%reported violence against colleague(s).Verbal violence(48%),emotional abuse(24%),and physical misconduct(14%)were the most common types of *** 63%of respondents identified patients or their relatives as the most frequent *** logistic regression analyses demonstrated that female gender(OR=2.08;95%CI:1.16-3.76,P=0.014)and higher frequency of night shifts(OR=2.22;95%CI:1.08-4.58,P=0.030)were associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing *** than 50%of HCWs felt less motivated and had decreased job satisfaction post-violent *** A large proportion of HCWS in the Caribbean are exposed to violence,yet the phenomenon remains *** a result,HCWs’job s

关键词： ViSHWaS Healthcare workers Violence Survey Workplace violence Caribbean Cross-sectional study

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Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Short-Term Results from a Single Center in Bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第9期14卷 145-156页

作者： muhit Abdullah md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury Satyajit Sharma Rehana Akther munama magdum munjerin Refat Synthee md. Zafar-Al-Nimari Saikat Das gupta Saleh Ahmed Samir Kumar Biswas m. Quamrul Islam Talukder Farooque Ahmed Department of Cardiac Surgery National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute (NHFH&RI) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute & Hospital Khamarbari Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute of Preventive and Social medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Square Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is considered a safer alternative to on-pump surgery, especially in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Objectives: This study assessed short-term outcomes and functional improvements in LVD patients post-OPCAB. methods: The study included 200 coronary artery disease patients who underwent isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) at the National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute between January 2019 and June 2020. Patients were categorized into Group 1, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30% - 39%, and Group 2, with an LVEF of 40% or higher. Echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction were performed preoperatively, at discharge, and one month postoperatively. Results: In Group 1, preoperative left ventricular internal dimensions during diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) were 53.48 ± 4.40 mm and 44.23 ± 3.93 mm, respectively, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35.28% ± 2.26%. At discharge, these values improved to 51.58 ± 4.04 mm (LVIDd), 41.23 ± 5.30 mm (LVIDs), and 39.25% ± 3.75% (LVEF). One month postoperatively, further improvements were observed: 46.29 ± 3.76 mm (LVIDd), 37.45 ± 3.68 mm (LVIDs), and 43.22% ± 4.67% (LVEF). Group 2 showed similar positive outcomes, with preoperative values of 47.09 ± 5.06 mm (LVIDd), 35.11 ± 5.25 mm (LVIDs), and 50.13% ± 7.25% (LVEF), improving to 42.37 ± 4.18 mm (LVIDd), 31.05 ± 4.19 mm (LVIDs), and 55.33% ± 7.05% (LVEF) at one month postoperatively. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in left ventricular function and NYHA class, with most patients moving from class III/IV to I/II. Complications were minimal, and no mortality was observed. Conclusion: OPCAB is safe and effective for patients with LVEF 30% - 39% and LVEF ≥ 40%, providing significant short-term functional improvements without increased risk.

关键词： Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD) Short-Term Outcomes

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