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On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic,igneous,and sedimentary rocks

Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1777-1794页

作者： D.Hasterok m.gard J.Webb Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Centre for Tectonics Research and Exploration(TRaX) University of AdelaideNorth TerraceSA5005Australia Ramelius Resources Ltd. East PerthWA 6005Australia

Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, mgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW^(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m^(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.

关键词： Heat generation Density metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks Igneous rocks Continental lithosphere

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法国波尔多炼厂使用陶瓷纤维的经验

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炼油设备设计 1980年第4期 60-63页

作者： m.gardēre 龚富生

法国埃索石油公司于1976年11月首次使用陶瓷纤维。当时该公司的波尔多炼厂常压炉辐射段炉顶斜壁衬里发生部分倒塌,如按老方法抢修(将耐火砖筑在炉壳钢板上),修复需四个星期,而采用陶瓷纤维仅需九至十天。一、试用概述波尔多炼厂历次试... 详细信息

法国埃索石油公司于1976年11月首次使用陶瓷纤维。当时该公司的波尔多炼厂常压炉辐射段炉顶斜壁衬里发生部分倒塌,如按老方法抢修(将耐火砖筑在炉壳钢板上),修复需四个星期,而采用陶瓷纤维仅需九至十天。一、试用概述波尔多炼厂历次试用陶瓷纤维情况如下:

关键词：合金钢螺栓保温钢板炉壳金属板高炉陶瓷纤维人造无机纤维炼厂气石油气波尔多法国法兰西共和国

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Nanoscale resetting of the Th/Pb system in an isotopically-closed monazite grain: A combined atom probe and transmission electron microscopy study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 65-76页

作者： A.-m.Seydoux-Guillaume D.Fougerouse A.T.Laurent E.gardés S.m.Reddy D.W.Saxey Univ Lyon UJM-Saint-Etienne CNRS IRD CNRS Université Clermont Auvergne School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Geoscience Atom Probe Advanced Resource Characterisation Facility John de Laeter Centre Curtin University Centre de recherche sur les Ions les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP) Department of Physics and Astronomy Curtin University

Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geological samples have relied on either Transmission Electron microscope(TEm) or Atom Probe microscopy(APm) characterizations alone, thus suffering from the respective weaknesses of each technique. Here we focus on monazite crystals from a ~1 Ga, ultrahigh temperature granulite from Rogaland(Norway). This sample has recorded concordant UeP b dates(measured by LA-ICP-mS) that range over 100 my, with the three domains yielding distinct isotopic Ue Pb ages of 1034 ± 6 ma(D1; Srich core), 1005 ± 7 ma(D2), and 935 ± 7 ma(D3), respectively. Combined APm and TEm characterization of these monazite crystals reveal phase separation that led to the isolation of two different radiogenic Pb(Pb*) reservoirs at the nanoscale. The S-rich core of these monazite crystals contains Cae Srich clusters, 5 -10 nm in size, homogenously distributed within the monazite matrix with a mean interparticle distance of 40 -60 nm. The clusters acted as a sink for radiogenic Pb(Pb*) produced in the monazite matrix, which was reset at the nanoscale via Pb diffusion while the grain remained closed at the micro-scale. Compared to the concordant ages given by conventional micro-scale dating of the grain,the apparent nano-scale age of the monazite matrix in between clusters is about 100 myr younger, which compares remarkably well to the duration of the metamorphic event. This study highlights the capabilities of combined APm-TEm nano-structural and nano-isotopic characterizations in dating and timing of geological events, allowing the detection of processes untraceable with conventional dating methods.

关键词： monazite Nanoscale resetting Nano-clusters APm TEm UHT metamorphism

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On the study of ricochet and penetration in sand,water and gelatin by spheres,7.62 mm APm2,and 25 mm projectiles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 159-170页

作者： John F.mOXNES ∅yvind FR∅YLAND Stian SKRIUDALEN Anne K.PRYTZ Jan A.TELAND Eva FRIIS gard ∅DEgardSTUEN Land Systems Division Norwegian Defence Research EstablishmentP.O.Box 25N0-2027 KjellerNorway Nammo Raufoss AS P.O.Box 162N0-2831 RaufossNorway

We examine the ricochet and penetration behavior in sand, water and gelatin by steel spheres, 7.62 mm APm2 and 25 mm projectiles. A threshold impact angle(critical angle) exists beyond which ricochet cannot occur. The Autodyn simulation code with the smooth particle hydrodynamic(SPH) method and Impetus Afea Solver with the corpuscular model are used and the results are compared with experimental and analytical results. The resistance force in sand for spheres was proportional to a term quadratic in velocity plus a term linear in velocity. The drag coefficient for the quadratic term was 0.65. The Autodyn and Impetus Afea codes simulate too large penetration due to the lack of a linear velocity resistance force. Critical ricochet angles were consistent with analytical results in the literature. In ballistic gelatin at velocities of 50–850 m/s a drag coefficient of 0.30 fits the high speed camera recordings if a linear velocity resistance term is included. However, only a quadratic velocity resistance force with drag coefficient that varies with the Reynolds number also fits the measurements. The simulation of a sphere in water with Autodyn showed too large drag coefficient. The 7.62 mm APm2 core simulations in sand fit reasonable well for both codes. The 25 mm projectile ricochet simulations in sand show consistency with the high speed camera recordings. Computer time was reduced by one to two orders of magnitudes when applying the Impetus Afea Solver compared to Autodyn code due to the use of the graphics processing units(GPU).

关键词：明胶微球渗透行为炮弹光滑粒子流体动力学阻力系数模拟显示高速摄像机砂

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Two adjacent NLR genes conferring quantitative resistance to clubroot disease in Arabidopsis are regulated by a stably inherited epiallelic variation

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 148-162页

作者： Antoine Gravot Benjamin Lie gard Leandro Quadrana Florian Veillet Yoann Aigu Tristan Bargain Juliette Benejam Christine Lariagon Jocelyne Lemoine Vincent Colot maria J.manzanares-Dauleux melanie Jubault IGEPP Institut Agro INRAEUniversitede Rennes35650 Le RheuFrance Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Superieure(IBENS) Ecole Normale SuperieureCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)Institut National de la Santeet de la Recherche Medicale(INSERM)75005 ParisFrance IGEPP INRAE Institut AgroUniversitede Rennes29260 PloudanielFrance Present address:Aix-marseille University CEACNRSInstitute of Biosciences and BiotechnologiesBIAM Cadarache13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance.

Clubroot caused by the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is a major disease affecting cultivated *** a combination of quantitative trait locus(QTL)fine mapping,CRISPR-Cas9 validation,and extensive analyses of DNA sequence and methylation patterns,we revealed that the two adjacent neigh-boring NLR(nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat)genes AT5G47260 and AT5G47280 cooperate in controlling broad-spectrum quantitative partial resistance to the root pathogen *** in Arabidopsis and that they are epigenetically *** variation in DNA methylation is not associated with any nucleotide variation or any transposable element presence/absence variants and is stably ***-ations in DNA methylation at the Pb-At5.2 QTL are widespread across Arabidopsis accessions and corre-late negatively with variations in expression of the two *** study demonstrates that natural,stable,and transgenerationally inherited epigenetic variations can play an important role in shaping resistance to plant pathogens by modulating the expression of immune receptors.

关键词： methylation clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae AT5G47260 AT5G47280 ADR1-L3 ddm1

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Introduction of the Pentafluorosulfanyl（SF5） Group as a Route to Higher Densities

Introduction of the Pentafluorosulfanyl（SF5） Group as a Ro...

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氟化学与美好生活——中国化学会第十一届全国氟化学会议

作者： Takashi Abe Sonali Garg Gary L.gard Jean’ne m.Shreeve Department of Chemistry University of Idaho

＜正＞Earlier we reported new thermally stable,pentafluorosulfanyl polyfluoroalkylsubstituted quaternary salts whose melting points were less than 0℃and where the presence of the pentafluorosulfanyl group markedly increased the densities of these room temperature ionic liquids vis-a-vis most of their perfluoroalkyl or alkyl analogues. The impact of the pentafluorosulfanyl group on the properties of energetic salts of pentafluorosulfanylalkyl-substituted imidazolium,triazolium and pyridinium salts that contain highly oxidizing anions is quite remarkable.

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