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Height-Diameter Relationship of Some forest Species Exploited for Wood in the Natural Tropical forest of the Congo Basin

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Open Journal of forestry 2022年第2期12卷 235-247页

作者： Amougou Ndi Yves Achille Hans Beeckman Ndongo din Amougou Amougou françois Borgia Zekeng Jules Christian mbolo marie marguerite Botany-Ecology Laboratory Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Wood Biology and Xylarium Laboratory Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Institut de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (IRAD) Ngaoundéré Cameroon

To enrich knowledge on the growth dynamics of commercial forest species in the Congo Basin, a study was conducted in Cameroon, within a community forest in savannah forest transition zone (Zone 1) and within fmU 10 052 in dense semi-deciduous humid forest (Zone 2). It aimed to obtain, in 8 species, the height (H) of the tree from its diameter (D) more accessible: Entandophragma cylindricum (meliacea), Eribroma oblongum, Sterculia rhinopetala et Triplochiton scleroxylon (malvaceae);Erythrophleum suaveolens et Piptadeniastrum africanum (fabaceae), milicia excelsa (moraceae) et Terminalia superba (Combretaceae). The destructive method was used. After felling and flushing out a tree, the dendrometric parameters were measured and/or calculated. In Zone 1, 6 species including T. scleroxylon were calibrated using 30 trees of each. In Zone 2, 45 trees of E. cylindricum, 99 of E. suaveolens and 82 of T. scleroxylon constituted the sample. At the 5% threshold (95% confidence interval), the height-diameter relationship is a linear model. In all species, the height of a tree is predicted by measuring its diameter through linear regression. In Zone 1 regression equation is: H(m) = 28.13 + 19.09 * D(m) for T. scleroxylon;H(m) = 12.35 + 30.38 * D(m) for S. rhinopetala;H(m) = 23.09 + 26.42 * D(m) for E. oblongum;H(m) = 14.86 + 20.92 * D(m) for P. africanum;H(m) = 14.98 + 24.78 * D(m) for T. superba and H(m) = 1.55 + 32.37 * D(m) for m. excelsa. In Zone 2, the relationship is: H(m) = 27.40 + 14.21 * D(m) for T. scleroxylon;H(m) = 7.79 + 20.18 * D(m) for E. cylindricum and H(m) = 20.08 + 9.74 * D(m) for E. suaveolens (probability associated with f fluence of site parameters (biotic and abiotic) on the height-diameter relationship should be more studied in multilayers forests specifically in the Congo Basin.

关键词： Relationship Height Diameter Tree Natural Rainforest

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Simvastatin Potentiates the Antihyperglycemic, Antidyslipidimic and Antioxidative Effect of Glibenclamide on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第11期5卷 1059-1069页

作者： mst. marium Begum A. f. m. Towheedur Rahman Saiful Islam md. Asaduzzaman Hazrat Ali Yusuf Ali Shaheda Zannah A. H. m. Khurshid Alam Aziz Abdur Rahman mamunur Rashid Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh

The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of combination of glibenclamide;an antidiabetic drug and simvastatin;a HmG-CoA reductase inhibitor on long-term (four weeks) alloxan-induced diabetes rats (ADRs). methods: Alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight, BW) was injected intra-peritonially (i.p.) in rats. At first alloxan (120 mg/kg BW) induced diabetic rats were treated with single dose of glibenclamide (1.2 mg/70kg BW) and simvastatin (10 mg/70kg BW) for two weeks. Then fixed dose combinations of glibenclamide (0.6 mg/70kg BW) and simvastatin (5 mg/70kg BW) were injected along with those of two drugs for four weeks. Results: At first it was found that glibenclamide reduced significant amount of glucose in blood, but it had no significant effect on lipid profile on short term (two weeks) ADRs. In contrast, simvastatin had no effect on blood glucose level, whereas it significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased significant amount of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, pathological changes of pancreas’s Islets of Langerhans were observed only after long-term (four weeks) induction of alloxan in rats. The inhibitory effect of combination therapy on blood glucose, TC, TG and LDL-C level was higher than those of monotherapy alone on long term ADRs. In addition, treatment with combination therapy on long term ADRs showed higher amount of HDL-C level and super oxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity than those with monotherapy. They also decreased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level. Administration of simvastatin recovered Langerhans cells from shrinkage whereas glibenclamide displayed slight recovery. But the combination therapy showed complete recovery of Langerhans cells as compared with diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our present findings suggest that treatment of glibenclamide in combination with s

关键词： Diabetes Combination Therapy Gibenclamide Simvastatin Beneficial Effects

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Deleterious effects of electron beam irradiation on development and reproduction of tomato/potato psyllids, Bactericera cockerelli

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1311-1321页

作者： Jiaxin Lei Jia meng Ivy WChen Weining Cheng Andrea L.Beam md-Sajedul Islam Woodward D.Bailey Suresh Pillai Keyan Zhu-Salzman Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Institute for Plant Genomics&Biotechnology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T-CPHST MiamiFLUSA National Center for Electron Beam Research Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

The potato/tomato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli causes serious damage to several solanaceous crops by direct feeding and vectoring Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,a bacterial *** beam(eBeam)irradiation is an environmentally friendly,chemical-free alternative method that is increasing in use for disinfestation of insect *** hypothesize that this irradiation technology will have detrimental effects on potato psyllid and thus impede its disease *** this end,we explored the effects of eBeam treatment ranging from 50 to 500 Gy on survival,development and reproduction of this *** on psyllids was apparently *** irradiated at 350 Gy,eggs could not hatch,1st instar nymphs failed to emerge,and although a small portion of irradiated 5th instar nymphs survived,the emerged adults were mostly *** in eclosed adults suggests harmful effects of eBeam on *** was seriously impaired when female psyllids were exposed to eBeam at the 5th instar nymphal or young adult stage,presumably due to inability to form *** addition,reciprocal crosses between irradiated and untreated psyllids indicated that female psyllids were more radiosensitive than males to *** together,these findings indicate that eBeam negatively impacted potato psyllid development and reproduction,which would inevitably compromise its disease transmission capacity.A dose of 350 Gy can be considered as a reference dose for effective control of potato psyllids.

关键词： Bactericera cockerelli development electron beam(eBeam) irradiation reproductive system

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Surgical outcomes in adults with purpura fulminans:a systematic review and patientlevel meta-synthesis

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Burns & Trauma 2019年第1期7卷 279-289页

作者： Kevin m.Klifto Caresse f.Gurno michael J.Grzelak Stellam.Seal mohammed Asif C.Scott Hultman Julie A.Caffrey Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing BaltimoreMDUSA Welch medical Library The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Johns Hopkins Burn Center 4940 Eastern AvenueBaltimoreMD 21224USA

Background:Cutaneous manifestations of purpura fulminans(Pf)present many challenges for clinicians and *** a state of septic shock complicated by limb ischemia,surgical interventions are necessary to control the pathological cascade and improve patient *** objective of this article was to report etiologies and surgical outcomes associated with cutaneous manifestations in ***:This systematic review and meta-analysis compared 190 adult patients with etiologies,signs and symptoms,and surgical outcomes associated with cutaneous manifestations of *** Pubmed,EmBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Scopus databases were systematically and independently *** and clinical characteristics,surgical interventions,outcomes,and complications were ***:Seventy-nine studies were eligible for the systematic review,and 77 were eligible for meta-analysis using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis(PRISmA)and Cochrane guidelines.A total of 71/190(38%)cases reported surgical *** were reported in 12/190(6%)cases and 20 *** were reported in 154/190(81%)*** was reported in 45 *** grafts were applied in 31 *** were used for reconstruction in 28 ***(IQR)surgical procedures per patient were 4(4,5)*** organisms causing Pf were 32%Neisseria meningitidis(n=55)and 32%Streptococcus pneumonia(n=55).Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(95%confidence interval(CI)(8.2–177.9),p=0.032),Haemophilus influenza(95%CI(7.2–133),p=0.029),Streptococcus pneumonia(95%CI(13.3–75.9),p=0.006),and West Nile Virus(95%CI(8.2–177.9),p=0.032)were associated with significantly more extensive amputations compared to other ***:This systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis found the most common presentation of Pf was septic shock from an infectious *** meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumonia were equally

关键词： Amputation Burn units Neisseria Purpura fulminans Reconstructive surgical procedures Shock Septic Surgeons Treatment outcome

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Assessing nest attentiveness of Common Terns via video cameras and temperature loggers

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 284-301页

作者： Jeffery D.Sullivan Paul R.marbán Jennifer m.mullinax David f.Brinker Peter C.mcGowan Carl R.Callahan Diann J.Prosser Natural Systems Analysts Winter ParkFL 32789USA marine Estuarineand Environmental Sciences ProgramUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland1443 Animal Sciences BldgCollege ParkMD 20742USA Department of Natural Resources Maryland Natural Heritage ProgramAnnapolisMD 21401USA Chesapeake Bay field Office U.S.Fish and Wildlife ServiceAnnapolisMD 21401USA U.S.Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterLaurelMD 20708USA.

Background:While nest attentiveness plays a critical role in the reproductive success of avian species,nest attentiveness data with high temporal resolution is not available for many ***,improvements in both video monitoring and temperature logging devices present an opportunity to increase our understanding of this aspect of avian ***:To investigate nest attentiveness behaviors and evaluate these technologies,we monitored 13 nests across two Common Tern(Sterna hirundo)breeding colonies with a paired video camera-temperature logger approach,while monitoring 63 additional nests with temperature loggers *** occurred from may to August of 2017 on Poplar(Chesapeake Bay,maryland,USA)and Skimmer Islands(Isle of Wight Bay,maryland,USA).We examined data respective to four times of day:morning(civil dawn‒11:59),Peak(12:00‒16:00),Cooling(16:01‒civil dusk),and Night(civil dusk‒civil dawn).Results:While successful nests had mostly short duration off-bouts and maintained consistent nest attentiveness throughout the day,failed nests had dramatic reductions in nest attentiveness during the Cooling and Night periods(pment due to predation pressure from a Great Horned Owl(Bubo virginianus).Incubation appeared to ameliorate ambient temperatures during Night,as nests were significantly warmer during Night when birds were on versus off the nest(pmeanwhile,off-bouts during the Peak period occurred during higher ambient temperatures,perhaps due to adults leaving the nest during the hottest periods to perform belly ***,temperature logger data alone had limited ability to predict nest attentiveness status during shorter bouts,with results highly dependent on time of day and bout *** our methods did not affect hatching success(p>0.05),video-monitored nests did have significantly lower clutch sizes(pf iButtons and video ca

关键词： Common Tern iButton Nest attentiveness Sterna hirundo Temperature logger Video monitoring

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Interplay between cold densification and malic acid addition (C4H6O5) for the fabrication of near-isotropic mgB2 conductors for magnet application

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2020年第2期8卷 493-498页

作者： md.Shahriar A.Hossain Carmine Senatore Yusuke Yamauchi mislav mustapic Daniel Gajda Dipak Patel Aslam Khan Jung Ho Kim Andrzej J morawski Rene flukiger School of mechanical and mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Quantum matter Physics(DQmP) University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia International Center for materials Nanoarchitectonics(WPI-mANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)1-1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan University of Osjek Departiment of Physics31000OsijekCroatia Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research PAS Okolna 250-422 WroclawPoland Research Center for functional materials National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)1-2-1 SengenTsukubaIbaraki 305-0047Japan King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Australian Institute for Innovative materials(AIIm) University of WollongongSquires WayNorth WollongongNSW 2500Australia Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences(PAS)Sokoiowska 29/3701-142 WarsawPoland

The effect of cold high pressure densification(CHPD)on anisotropy of the critical current density(Jc)in《in situ》single core binary and alloyed mgB2 tapes has been determined as a function of temperatures at 4.2 K,20 K and 25 K as well as at applied magnetic fields up to 19 *** study includes binary and C4H6O5(malic acid)doped mgB2 tapes before and after *** is remarkable that the CHPD process not only improved the Jc values,in particular at the higher magnetic fields,but also decreased the anisotropy ratio,Г=JC^///JC^⊥In binary mgB2 tapes,the anisotropy factor f increases with higher aspect ratios,even after applying *** malic acid(C4H6O5)doped tapes,however,the application of CHPD leads only to small enhancements ofГ,even for higher aspect *** is attributed to the higher carbon content in the mgB2 filaments,which in turn is a consequence of the reduced chemical reaction path in the densified *** all applied field values,it was found that CHPD processed C4H6O5 doped tapes exhibit an almost isotropic *** constitutes an advantage in view of industrial magnet applications using wires with square or slightly rectangular configuration.

关键词： magnesium diboride Cold high pressure densification Anisotropy Tapes Critical current density

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follow-up in patients with a burn-related emergency department visit:a feasibility study

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 260-267页

作者： H. Goei B. f. m. Wijnen S. mans m. A. C. de Jongh C. H. van der Vlies S. Polinder N. E. E. van Loey m. E. van Baar Association of Dutch Burn Centres Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital PO Box 9100 3007 AC Rotterdam the Netherlands Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery MOVE Research Institute VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands Association of Dutch Burn Centres Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital PO Box 9100 3007 AC Rotterdam the Netherlands Department of Health Services Research CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University 6200 MD Maastricht the Netherlands Trauma Centre Brabant Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital Tilburg the Netherlands Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital Rotterdam the Netherlands Department of Public Health Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam the Netherlands Association of Dutch Burn Centres Red Cross Hospital Beverwijk the Netherlands Association of Dutch Burn Centres Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital PO Box 9100 3007 AC Rotterdam the Netherlands Department of Public Health Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam the Netherlands

Background:Data on epidemiology, costs, and outcomes of burn-related injuries presenting at emergency departments (EDs) are scarce. To obtain such information, a questionnaire study with an adequate response rate is imperative. There is evidence that optimized strategies can increase patient participation. However, it is unclear whether this applies to burn patients in an ED setting. The objective of this feasibility study was to optimize and evaluate patient recruitment strategy and follow-up methods in patients with burn injuries presenting at EDs. methods:In a prospective cohort study with a 6-month follow-up, patients with burn-related injuries attending two large EDs during a 3-month study period were included. Eligible patients were quasi-randomly allocated to a standard or optimized recruitment strategy by week of the ED visit. The standard recruitment strategy consisted of an invitation letter to participate, an informed consent form, a questionnaire, and a franked return envelope. The optimized recruitment strategy was complemented by a stamped returned envelope, monetary incentive, sending a second copy of the questionnaire, and a reminder by telephone in non-responders. Response rates were calculated, and questionnaires were used to assess treatment, costs, and health-related quality of life. Results:A total of 87 patients were included of which 85 were eligible for the follow-up study. There was a higher response rate at 2 months in the optimized versus the standard recruitment strategy (43.6%vs. 20.0%;OR=3.1 (95%CI 1.1–8.8)), although overall response is low. Non-response analyses showed no significant differences in patient, burn injury or treatment characteristics between responders versus non-responders. Conclusions:This study demonstrated that response rates can be increased with an optimized, but more labor-intensive recruitment strategy, although further optimization of recruitment and follow-up is needed. It is feasible to assess epidemiology, tr

关键词： Burns Emergency department Recruitment strategy Response rate Health care survey methods

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老年患者行非心脏手术前红细胞压积水平与手术预后的关系

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2008年第1期27卷 9-16页

作者： Wen-Chih Wu, md Tracy L. Schifftner, mS William G. Henderson, PhD Charles B. Eaton, md Roy m. Poses, md Georgette Uttley, RN Satish C. Sharma, md 1 michael Vezeridis, md Shukri f. Khuri, md Peter D. friedmann, md 公磊(译) 祝学光(校) Target Research Enhancement Program Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Community Health Department of medicine Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island and Department of Family Medicine Center for Primary Care and Prevention Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island and Department of Family Medicine Center for Primary Care and Prevention and Surgical Service Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Surgery Brown medical School and Medical Service Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center Providence RI National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Denver Data Analysis Center Denver VA Medical Center University of Colorado Health Outcomes ProgramDenver Providence RI National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Denver Data Analysis Center and Surgical Service VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Mass 不详

背景：接受非心脏手术的老年患者出现红细胞压积异常和心血管并发症的危险较高。尽管患者术前几乎都要进行红细胞压积筛查，但是有关术前贫血及红细胞增多症的不良影响的证据较为有限。目的：于实施非心脏大手术的退伍老兵中评估术前贫... 详细信息

背景：接受非心脏手术的老年患者出现红细胞压积异常和心血管并发症的危险较高。尽管患者术前几乎都要进行红细胞压积筛查，但是有关术前贫血及红细胞增多症的不良影响的证据较为有限。目的：于实施非心脏大手术的退伍老兵中评估术前贫血和红细胞增多症的发生率及其对术后30天预后的影响。设计：利用全国退伍军人事务委员会（VA）于术质量改进计划数据库进行回顾性队列研究。根据术前红细胞压积水平将患者分为三类：贫血（红细胞压积〈39．0％）、正常（红细胞压积39．0％～53．9％）和红细胞增多症（红细胞压积≥54％）。对红细胞压积异常与术后30天心血管事件发生率及死亡率的关系进行评估。地点及患者：纳入1997至2004年于全美132个退伍军人医疗中心接受非心脏大手术的310311例患者（年龄≥65岁）。主要观测指标：主要观测指标为术后30天死亡率，次要观测指标包括术后30天死亡率或心脏事件（心脏骤停或Q波心肌梗死）发生率。结果：与红细胞压积正常者相比，红细胞压积发生正向或负向偏离者术后30天死亡率和心脏事件发生率均有所增加。研究发现，红细胞压积水平较正常范围每增减1个百分点，术后30天死亡率就可增加1．6％（95％可信区间，1．1％-2．2％）。进一步分析显示，当红细胞压积降至39％以下或超过51％时，校正后30天死亡风险和心脏病患病风险就开始增加。结论：接受非心脏大手术的老年患者（绝大多数为男性退伍军人）术前轻度贫血及红细胞增多症均可增加术后发生死亡和心脏事件的危险。今后的研究应明确上述发现可否见于其他人群，明确术前纠正贫血和红细胞增多症能否降低术后死亡风险。

关键词：红细胞压积非心脏手术老年患者手术预后手术前积水退伍军人医疗中心红细胞增多症

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Cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis,diseases,and regeneration

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 444-455页

作者： mei Wan Elise f.Gray-Gaillard Jennifer H.Elisseeff Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Emerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of senescence in musculoskeletal disorders,which represent the leading global cause of *** senescence was initially described by Hayflick et *** 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state in in vitro cell culture *** now know that cellular senescence can occur in vivo in response to various stressors as a heterogeneous and tissue-specific cell state with a secretome phenotype acquired after the initial growth *** the past two decades,compelling evidence from preclinical models and human data show an accumulation of senescent cells in many components of the musculoskeletal *** senescence is therefore a defining feature of age-related musculoskeletal disorders,and targeted elimination of these cells has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate tissue damage and promote repair and regeneration of the skeleton and skeletal *** this review,we summarize evidence of the role of senescent cells in the maintenance of bone homeostasis during childhood and their contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders,including osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and *** highlight the diversity of the senescent cells in the microenvironment of bone,joint,and skeletal muscle tissue,as well as the mechanisms by which these senescent cells are involved in musculoskeletal *** addition,we discuss how identifying and targeting senescent cells might positively affect pathologic progression and musculoskeletal system regeneration.

关键词： skeletal homeostasis dividing

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氯吡格雷的使用与药物洗脱支架植入后远期临床结果

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第3期26卷 131-139页

作者： Eric L Eisenstein, DBA Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD David f. Kong, md Linda K. Shaw, mS Robert H. Tuttle, mSPH Daniel B. mark, md, mPH Judith m. Kramer, md, mS Robert A. Harrington, md David B. matchar, md David E. Kandzari, md 1 Eric D. Peterson, md, mPH Kevin A. Schulman, md Robert m. Califf, md 李呈亿（译） David E. Kandzari, md Department of medicine Duke Clinical Research Institute Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University medical Center Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke Translational medicine Institute Durham NC the Duke Center for Clinical Health Policy Research Durham NC 不详

背景：近来的冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架研究提示，现行的抗血小板治疗方案可能并不足以预防后期支架内血栓形成。目的：于接受药物洗脱支架（drug-eluting stents，DESs）和裸金属支架（bare-metal stents，BmSs）治疗的冠状动脉病患者中... 详细信息

背景：近来的冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架研究提示，现行的抗血小板治疗方案可能并不足以预防后期支架内血栓形成。目的：于接受药物洗脱支架（drug-eluting stents，DESs）和裸金属支架（bare-metal stents，BmSs）治疗的冠状动脉病患者中评估氯吡格雷使用与患者远期结果的关系。设计、地点及患者：于连续患者中进行观察性研究。患者于2000年1月1日至2005年7月31日在杜克心脏治疗中心（一家位于北卡罗来纳州达累姆市的三级治疗中心）接受冠状动脉内支架治疗。于6、12、24个月时进行随访，直至2006年9月7日。研究人群包括4666例最初接受BmS（n=3165）或DES（n=1501）经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者。对随访6和12个月没有事件（没有死亡、心肌梗死或血管重建手术）的患者进行界标分析（landmark analysis）。在这些时间点上根据支架类型以及自我报告之氯吡格雷的使用情况将患者分为4组：DES使用氯吡格雷组、DES不用氯吡格雷组、BmS使用氯吡格雷组以及BmS不用氯吡格雷组。主要观测指标：随访24个月时死亡、非致命性心肌梗死以及死亡或心肌梗死之复合终点。结果：在6个月时没有事件发生的DES组患者（637例使用、579例未使用氯吡格雷）中，氯吡格雷的使用是随访24个月校正死亡率较低（使用2．0％比未使用5．3％；差异，-3．3％；95％CI，-6．3％至-0．3％；P=0．03）以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率较低（3．1％比7．2％；差异，-4．1％；95％CI，-7．6％至-0．6％；P=0．02）的显著预测指标。然而，在BmS组患者中（417例使用、1976例未用氯吡格雷），死亡（3．7％比4．5％；差异，-0．7％；95％CI，-2．9％至1．4％；P=0．50）以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率（5．5％比6．0％；差异，-0．5％；95％CI，-3．2％至2．2％；P：0．70）没有差异。在12个月随访没有事件发生的DES组患者（252例使用、276例未用氯吡格雷）中，氯吡格雷的使用依然可以预测24个月死亡（0％比3．5％；差异，-3．5％；95％CI，-5．9％至-1．1％；P=0．004）以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率（0％比4．5％；差异，-4．5％；95％CI，-7．1％至-1．9％；P〈0．001）较低。然而，在BmS组患者中（346例使用、1644例未用氯吡格雷），在死亡（3．3％比2．7％；差异，0．6％；95％CI，1．5％至2．8％；P=0．57）以及死亡或心肌梗死（4．7％比3．6％；差异，1．0％；95％CI，-1．6％至3．6％；P=0．44）发生方面，依然没有差异。结论：在接受DES治疗的患者中，延长氯吡格雷的使用可以使死亡以及死亡或心肌梗死的发生率下降。然而，使用氯吡格雷的适宜期限只能通过大型临床随机试验确定。

关键词：药物洗脱支架氯吡格雷临床结果经皮冠状动脉介入治疗植入后冠状动脉内心肌梗死支架内血栓形成

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