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The acceleration of aging and Alzheimer’s disease through the biological mechanisms behind obesity and type II diabetes

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Health 2013年第5期5卷 913-920页

作者： Ian James martins Wei Ling Florence Lim Andrea C. Wilson Simon m. Laws Ralph Nigel martins Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Joondalup Australia

The incidence of diabetes is predicted to increase to 21% by 2050. Currently, one third of US adults are obese and over 11% of these individuals have diabetes. Due to the growing need for therapeutic intervention to control and/or stabilize this increase in the incidence of diabetes in Western communities, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the association between obesity and Type 2 diabetes has become increasingly important to diabetes research. The increased cell senescence associated with diabetes has been associated with the limited ability of cells to divide, with indication of telomere shortening and genomic instability of the cells. Obese individuals have shorter telomeres suggesting an inverse relationship between adiposity and telomere length. The implication that Type 2 diabetes has on biological aging is of particular interest since telomere shortening in obesity and diabetes has been associated with an early risk for dementia and even progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lifestyle, nutrition and longevity are closely related and cellular senescence has been associated with telomere shortening and connected to longevity. Diet, cholesterol lowering drugs and exercise that control food intake and glucose tolerance in aging and diabetic individuals, via connections between liver circadian clocks and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, also have been shown to alter telomere lengths. Lifestyle interventions, such as diets low in fat and exercise, target the rise in obesity and associated telomere shortening by delaying or preventing the onset of Type 2 diabetes. The implementation of these anti-aging therapies early in life may prevent calorie overload and activation of calorie sensitive genes such as Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). This may maintain telomere length and the control of obesity, which is linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and accelerates aging and AD.

关键词： Telomere Sirtuin 1 Lifestyle Nutrition Diabetes Obesity Alzheimer’s Disease

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metastatic Breast Cancer Survival in Pointe Noire: Analysis of 30 Cases

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Open Journal of Pathology 2019年第4期9卷 86-99页

作者： C. F. S. Ngatali A. F. Bolenga Liboko m. L. Eouani L. m. A. Boumba P. E. G. Sounga Bandzouzi E. Ndounga Y. mabila D. moukassa J. B. Nkoua-mbon Department of Oncology and Internal medicine Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo medical Oncology Department CHU-Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Gynecology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologie Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Departement of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Hospital General edith Lucie Bongo Oyo Congo

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. About 5% to 10% of breast cancer patients present with metastases. While the 5-year survival of patients with local breast cancer varies around 98.8%, this survival rate drops to around 26.3% for metastatic patients. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer in resource-limited settings. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, for duration of 6 years. 30 records of patients over 18 years of age and with histological evidence who received at least 3 courses of chemotherapy were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, socio-economic level, menopausal status, history, WHO status, menopausal status, tumor size, histological type, tumor location, the type of treatment and survival. Survival was calculated by Kaplan meier method. Fisher’s exact test was used to search for correlation between variables. Results: The average age was 52.62 ± 10.96 years old. The extremes were 33 years and 75 years old. The most represented level of education was the primary level in 67% of cases. The majority of patients had low socioeconomic status in 50% of cases. The patients were menopausal in 57% of cases. The antecedents of cancer were present in 13% of cases. 50% of patients had a WHO status performance at 2. The tumor size was greater than 2 cm in 77% of cases. The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma in 93% of cases. The most represented histological grade was Scharff grade III Richardson bloom in 80% of cases. The most represented metastatic localization was pulmonary in 33% of cases. The metastatic localizations were unique in 47% of cases and multiple in 53% of cases. Anthracycline-based

关键词： Breast Cancer metastatic Survival Pointe Noire Congo

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Characterization and determinant factors of critical illness and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort of 1,792 patients in Kenya

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第5期4卷 330-338页

作者： Isinta m Elijah Endawoke Amsalu Xuening Jian mingyang Cao Eric K mibei Danvas O Kerosi Francis G mwatsahu Wei Wang Faith Onyangore Youxin Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Armauer Hansen Research Institute Ministry of HealthAddis Ababa 1005Ethiopia University of Kabianga School of Health SciencesKericho 2030-20200Kenya medical Genetics Laboratory School of Life ScienceCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control School of Public HealthJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobi 62000–00200Kenya Centre for Precision medicine Edith Cowan UniversityPerth WA 6027Australia

Limited data is available on the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),critical illness rate,and in-hospital mortality in the African *** study investigates determinants of critical illness and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in *** conducted a retrospective cohort study at Kenyatta National Hospital(KNH)in *** logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were employed to determine predictor factors for intensive care unit(ICU)admission and in-hospital mortality,*** addition,the Kaplan-meier model was used to compare the survival times using log-rank *** a result,346(19.3%)COVID-19 patients were admitted to ICU,and 271(15.1%)*** majority of those admitted to the hospital were male,1,137(63.4%)and asymptomatic,1,357(75.7%).The most prevalent clinical features were shortness of breath,fever,and dry *** addition,older age,male,health status,patient on oxygen(O2),oxygen saturation levels(SPO2),headache,dry cough,comorbidities,obesity,cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),diabetes,chronic lung disease(CLD),and malignancy/cancer can predicate the risk of ICU admission,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC)of 0.90(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.88–0.92).Survival analysis indicated 271(15.1%)patients died and identified older age,male,headache,shortness of breath,health status,patient on oxygen,SPO2,headache,comorbidity,CVDs,diabetes,CLD,malignancy/cancer,and smoking as risk factors for mortality(AUC-ROC:0.90,95%CI:0.89–0.91).This is the first attempt to explore predictors for ICU admission and hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in Kenya.

关键词： Comorbidities Critical illness ICU COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

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Sirtuin-1 mediates the obesity induced risk of common degenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1448-1456页

作者： Ian James martins Andrea. C. Wilson Wei Ling Florence Lim Simon. m. Laws Stephanie. J. Fuller Ralph Nigel martins Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Perth Australia mcCusker Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Hollywood Medical Centre Perth Australia School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences The University of Western Australia Perth Australia

Obesity, especially at mid-life, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, which in turn contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD), Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The rise in overweight and obesity in all societies is prompting intense research into the causes and effects of the condition. Obesity disrupts many body systems including glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian rhythms and liver function. It also causes or increases inflammation and oxidative stress. Within cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) appears to be particularly susceptible to such metabolic disruption. Sirtuin 1?(Sirt1) and leptin have received attention recently as they are central regulatory factors for the body’s metabolic pathways which interact at particular levels, for example lipid and Abeta metabolism. This mini-review discusses recent findings concerning obesity, lipid metabolism and the role of Sirtuin 1 and how all influence the ER. A greater understanding of obesity and its effects on metabolic control systems of the body are required, to develop pharmacological, dietary and lifestyle changes that will reduce the incidence of CAD, Type 2 diabetes and AD.

关键词： Obesity Sirtuin 1 Alzheimer’s Disease Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes

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重拾的碎片:《纯真年代》中的考古学和人类学考察

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文学人类学研究 2018年第2期 220-228页

作者：〔美〕凯特·特朗普勒詹姆斯·m.尼斯王偞婷(译) 刘芷言(校) 斯坦福大学耶鲁大学比较文学系美国鲍尔州立大学四川大学文学与新闻学院西南财经大学

通过时间的抽离和社会科学的客观抽离,伊迪丝·沃顿的《纯真年代》对19世纪70年代纽约社会进行了人类学考察。作者分析了小说写作中随处可见的人类学概念、隐喻和方法,揭示了沃顿一以贯之的批评视角:将当时的纽约社会作为一个时间上远... 详细信息

通过时间的抽离和社会科学的客观抽离,伊迪丝·沃顿的《纯真年代》对19世纪70年代纽约社会进行了人类学考察。作者分析了小说写作中随处可见的人类学概念、隐喻和方法,揭示了沃顿一以贯之的批评视角:将当时的纽约社会作为一个时间上远去的“他者”并试图给予其客观的科学评价。与此同时,作者也批判性地指出,就像小说主人翁的命运一样,沃顿对于纽约社会的大部分描绘来自她确立了它不再存在的彻底性。这种自设的距离感,不仅不能使作者完全与被观察对象分离,更会使置于其中的观察者本身产生迷茫和不适,从而揭示了人类学家在理解和与被考察对象生活时所面临的困难和问题。

关键词：伊迪丝·沃顿《纯真年代》小说的人类学考察

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发展中国家数据出版基础设施与共享政策研究

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全球变化数据学报（中英文） 2017年第1期1卷 3-11,126-134页

作者：刘闯郭华东 Paul F.Uhlir 葛全胜周翔石瑞香龚克 mable Imbuga 顾行发 mika Odido 廖小罕陈军 Tomoko Doko 陈文波 Simon Hodson Jean-Bernard minster edith madela-mntla Nordin Hasan 江东诸云强王长林 Peter Wittenburg 褚文博徐新良何书金吕婷婷 R.B.Singh Vladimir Tikunov 王桥中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101中国中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所北京100101中国美国科学院美国华盛顿20541 南开大学天津300071 穆肯尼亚塔农业与技术大学肯尼亚内罗毕P.O.Box 62000-00200 联合国教科文组织东非办公室肯尼亚内罗毕P.O.Box 72107-00200 国家基础地理信息中心北京100830 庆应义塾大学日本藤泽2520882 国际科学技术数据委员会办公室法国巴黎75116 加州大学圣地亚哥分校美国加利福尼亚92093 国际科学理事会非洲办公室南非普利托利亚0020 国际科学理事会亚洲办公室马来西亚吉隆坡50450 马普学会数据基础设施中心德国莫尼黑85748 国际地球观测组织秘书处瑞士日内瓦1211 德里大学印度德里110007 莫斯科大学俄罗斯莫斯科119991 环境保护部卫星环境应用中心北京100094

全球变化科学数据是人类宝贵的科技资源。兼顾保护数据知识产权和推动数据广泛共享是科学数据界长期存在的普遍难题。数据出版(元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联出版)是解决这个难题的有效机制。发展中国家科学数据共享原则执行过程中,... 详细信息

全球变化科学数据是人类宝贵的科技资源。兼顾保护数据知识产权和推动数据广泛共享是科学数据界长期存在的普遍难题。数据出版(元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联出版)是解决这个难题的有效机制。发展中国家科学数据共享原则执行过程中,亟需数据出版基础设施和能力建设。"全球变化科学研究数据出版系统"(中英文)在保护数据知识产权和促进数据共享方面作出实践性案例,在数据产权认证、数据质量标准、同行专家评审、数据长期保藏、数据开放共享、国际资质联网等方面的成果为数据的增值起到关键性作用。《全球变化数据学报》(中英文)是该系统重要组成部分。该系统成为世界各国全球变化科学研究领域学者、特别是发展中国家学者可信赖的、国际组织(WDS、GEOSS、CODATA、Clarivate Analytics等)认可的、数据出版和共享世界性基础设施。

关键词：全球变化数据出版发展中国家数据基础设施共享政策

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母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重:效应与异质性的多国评估

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环境与职业医学 2013年第6期30卷 470-470页

作者： Payam Dadvand Jennifer Parker michelle L. Bell matteo Bonzini michael Brauer Lyndsey A. Darrow Ulrike Gehring Svetlana V. Glinianaia Nelson Gouveia Eun-hee Ha Jong Han Leem.edith H. van den Hooven Bin Jalaludin Bill m. Jesdale Johanna Lepeule Rachel morello-Frosch Geoffrey G. morgan Angela Cecilia Pesatori Frank H. Pierik Tanja Pless-mulloli David Q. Rich Sheela Sathyanarayana Juhee Seo Rémy Slama matthew Strickland Lillian Tamburic Daniel Wartenberg mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen Tracey J. Woodruff

[背景]越来越多的证据显示,母亲空气污染暴露与对胎儿生长的不良影响之间存在关联;但是,现有的文献并不一致。[目的]研究9个国家14个中心的数据,量化母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重和低出生体重(LBW)之间的关联,并探讨此关联中... 详细信息

[背景]越来越多的证据显示,母亲空气污染暴露与对胎儿生长的不良影响之间存在关联;但是,现有的文献并不一致。[目的]研究9个国家14个中心的数据,量化母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重和低出生体重(LBW)之间的关联,并探讨此关联中地点特征和暴露评估方法对中心之间异质性的影响。[方法]空气污染与妊娠结局国际合作(ICAPPO)的各中心采用共同的分析方案,对Pm10和Pm2.5(颗粒物≤10和2.5μm)与足月LBW和连续出生体重进行效应评估。采用meta分析将各个中心(~300万例出生)的效应评估结合起来,并采用meta回归分析在报告的效应评估中,中心特征和暴露评估方法对中心之间异质性的影响。[结果]随机效应meta分析显示,调整母亲的社会经济地位后,在整个妊娠期间,足月LBW与Pm10[比值比(OR)=1.03;95%CI:1.01~1.05]和Pm2.5[OR=1.10;95%CI:1.03~1.18]每增加10μg/m3呈正相关。在充分调整随机效应的meta分析中,作为一个连续性的结果,Pm10暴露每增加10μg/m3与足月出生体重呈负相关(-8.9g;95%CI:-13.2^-4.6 g)。meta回归分析显示,具有较高平均Pm2.5水平和Pm2.5∶Pm10比率的中心,以及采用时间暴露评估(与时空相比)的中心,所报告的关联更强。[结论]在研究人群中,母亲颗粒物污染暴露与足月LBW相关联。有3个地点特征和暴露评估方法学方面的不同导致各个中心报告的关联的差异。

关键词：空气污染胎儿生长异质性 ICAPPO 低出生体重 meta分析 meta回归多中心研究颗粒物妊娠

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妊娠期恶心、呕吐与低体重指数相关

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 24-25页

作者： Ben-Aroya Z. Lurie S. Segal D. m. Glezerman 高雪莲 Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology Edith Wolfson Medical Center Holon Sackler Sch. Med. Tel A. Holon Israel

Objective: To assess the effect of body mass index (BmI) on the tendency of pregnant women to vomit and on their general condition during pregnancy. Study design: We included patients in this study who presented to our gynecological emergency room and clinic during their first trimester of pregnancy. All women completed a questionnaire assessing obstetrical and physical characteristics, including gravidity, parity, gestational age, height and weight for BmI calculation. Women were requested to report the number of vomiting episodes per day and their general condition using a 1 to 10 scale (1- good, 10- bad). Patients were allocated to either a low- frequency group (0- 1 vomiting episodes per day) or to a high- frequency group (2 and more vomiting episodes per day). Results: Sixty- one consecutive women were included in the study. The low frequency group consisted of 35 women and the high frequency group included the remaining 26 women. The BmI was significantly lower in the high frequency group as compared to the low frequency group (21.8 ± 3.5 versus 24.4 ± 4.7, respectively; P miting episodes during the first trimester of pregnancy tend to have a lower BmI score and a worse general condition than patients with low frequency of vomiting episodes.

关键词：妊娠期恶心指数相关妊娠早期妇科急诊呕吐次数孕次情况调查表研究设计

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Prostate Tumors Diagnosis: Place of Fine Needle Aspiration in Congolese Patients

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Open Journal of Pathology 2020年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： C. F. S. Ngatali S. E. Okouango A. F. Bolenga Liboko L. m. A. Boumba E. Ndounga Y. mabila D. moukassa J. B. Nkoua-mbon Department of Oncology and Internal medicine Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo medical Oncology Department CHU-Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Laboratory of Anatomy Pathology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Hospital General edith Lucie Bongo Oyo Congo

Objective: To determine the kappa (κ) concordance coefficient between fine needle aspiration and serum prostatic antigen (PSA) coupled with digital rectal examination and prostatic ultrasound. material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study covering the period from January 1st to June 30th, 2018 in the city of Pointe-Noire. It is a study of 31 cases of prostate tumors in Congolese subjects at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe-Noire of Congo Brazzaville. The clinical, biological, ultrasound and cytological aspects were the variables of the study. Results: The mean age was 71.06 years with extremes of 57 and 93 years. One patient had a family history of prostate cancer that was found at his brother’s house at the age of 52. Dysuria was the most represented sign in all of our patients. Suspicion of prostate cancer was the most commonly talked in digital rectal examination. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml in more 74% of our patients. 61.3% of our patients had a heterogeneous prostatic ultrasound. 48.3% of malignant tumors and 32.3% of benign tumors were found cytologically. The association between digital rectal examination and prostatic ultrasound was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and good agreement was found between cytological diagnosis coupled with digital rectal examination and prostatic echostructure (0.6 ≤ κ ≤ 0.8). A low concordance between prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and cytological concordance was noted (0.2 ≤ κ ≤ 0.4). Conclusion: Prostatic tumors in Congo in their diagnostic particularities are dominated by malignant tumors with a large number of patients to watch. The fine needle aspiration is suitable for orientation examinations of prostatic tumors and can be performed by any doctor and provides us a fast, effective diagnostic orientation with a strong clinico-morphological correlation in our low incomes countries.

关键词： Fine Needle Aspiration Prostate Tumors Diagnosis Congolese

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Breast Cancer: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects in Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

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Open Journal of Pathology 2019年第4期9卷 76-85页

作者： C. F. S. Ngatali A. F. Bolenga Liboko E. Ndounga Y. mabila D. moukassa J. B. Nkoua-mbon P. E. G. Sounga Bandzouzi L. m. A. Boumba Department of Oncology and Internal medicine Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo medical Oncology Department CHU-Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Hospital General edith Lucie Bongo Oyo Congo Departement of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologie Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016 for duration of 5 years. 54 records of patients over 18 years of age with histological evidence were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, time to presentation, telltale sign, stage of extension, histological type, and histological grade. Chi-square test was used to compare variables and groups. Results: At the end of this study, we collected 54 files of breast cancer patients from 150 patients hospitalized in the Cancer Department. The frequency of breast cancer was 36%. The average age was 50 ± 13.6 years;the extremes were 27 years and 79 years. The most represented age group was from 37 to 40 years old with a percentage of 28%. The patient’s level of study was primary in the majority of cases (57%). The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma, (100%). The majority of patients arrived at advanced stages 44.4% and metastatic stages 26%. Patients were treated in most of cases by chemotherapy (82%), surgery (42%) and radiotherapy (10%). There was a correlation between time of presentation and stage of extension. Conclusion: Breast cancer is the first cancer of the woman in Pointe Noire. Patients arrive at advanced stages;the most common histological type is invasive ductal carcinoma. The presentation time is correlated with the extension stage. These results suggest the establishment of a cancer control program in developing countries.

关键词： Epidemiological Clinical Therapeutic Breast Cancer Pointe Noire

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