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Preparation and thermal treatment of Pd/Ag composite membrane on a porousα-alumina tube by sequential electroless plating technique for H_2 separation

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第4期17卷 321-326页

作者： E.Navaei Alvar m.Reza Golmohammadi m.Rezaei H.Navaei Alvar A.mardanloo S.Habibzad Nouhian m.didari Department of mining & metallurgy Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Sarv Oil & Gas Industries Development Co Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Kashan

Pd/Ag/α-Al2O3 composite membranes were prepared by sequential electroless plating technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEm）, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy techniques （ICP-AES）. Effects of annealing time, Ag content, and air treatment on the hydrogen permeation flux and morphology of the alloys were investigated. The results of the investigation showed that the prepared type of tube had a good potential as substrate for membrane preparation. In addition, a uniform defect-free alloy was prepared by annealing at 550 ℃ in H2 atmosphere. The permeation results showed an increase in H2 permeation flux by increasing the Ag content and the annealing time. In addition, the air treatment of the prepared membranes at 400 ℃ for 1 h changed the morphology of the alloy and substantially enhanced the hydrogen flux.

关键词： Pd/Ag composite membrane electroless plating thermal treatment

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Effectiveness of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome:Updated systematic review with meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第10期21卷 3072-3084页

作者： Tina didari Shilan mozaffari Shekoufeh Nikfar mohammad Abdollahi Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Policy Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences

AIm:To investigate the efficacy of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) ***:Pub med,Cochrane library,Scopus,Google Scholar,and *** databases were searched for literature published between September 2007 and December *** applied mesh terms were "probiotics," "irritable bowel syndrome," and "irritable bowel syndrome treatment." The collected data contained24 clinical trials,of which 15 were eligible for meta-analysis and nine were reviewed *** studies were randomized placebo-controlled trials in patients with IBS that investigated the efficacy of probiotics in IBS *** Jadad score was used to assess the methodological quality of *** quality scale ranges from 0 to 5 points,with a score ≤ 2 indicating a low quality report,and a score of ≥3 indicating a high quality *** risk(RR),standardized effect size,and 95%CI were calculated using the Der Simonian-Laird *** Cochran Q test was used to test heterogeneity with P mazumdar tests were performed to assess publication ***:A total of 1793 patients were included in the *** RR of responders to therapies based on abdominal pain score in IBS patients for two included trials comparing probiotics to placebo was 1.96(95%CI:1.14-3.36;P = 0.01).RR of responders to therapies based on a global symptom score in IBS patients for two included trials comparing probiotics with placebo was 2.43(95%CI:1.13-5.21;P = 0.02).For adequate improvement of general symptoms in IBS patients,the RR of seven included trials(six studies) comparing probiotics with placebo was 2.14(95%CI:1.08-4.26;P = 0.03).Distension,bloating,and flatulence were evaluated using an IBS severity scoring system in three trials(two studies) to compare the effect of probiotic therapy in IBS patients with placebo,the standardized effect size of mean differences for probiotics therapy was-2.57(95%CI:-13.05--7.92)

关键词： Evidence-based medicine Irritable bowel syndrome m

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