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Soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina:a useful surrogate for mitigation and conservation planning under climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo L.Peri Juan Gaitán matías mastrangelo marcelo Nosetto Pablo E.Villagra Ezequiel Balducci martín Pinazo Roxana P.Eclesia Alejandra Von Wallis Sebastián Villarino Francisco Alaggia marina González Polo Silvina manrique Pablo A.meglioli Julián Rodríguez-Souilla martín mónaco Jimena E.Chaves Ariel medina Ignacio Gasparri Eugenio Alvarez Arnesi maría Paula Barral Axel von müller Norberto m.Pahr Josefina Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fernández marina morsucci Dardo López Juan manuel Cellini Leandro Alvarez Ignacio Barberis Hernán Colomb Ludmila La manna Sebastián Barbaro Cecilia Blundo Ximena Sirimarco Laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar Guillermo martínez Pastur Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCT San Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y medioambiente (INIBIOmA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección Nacional de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación Instituto de Ecología Regional Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Universidad Nacional de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en m.deras (LImAD) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Administración de Parques Nacionales (APN) Parque Nacional Los Alerces Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background The nationally determined contribution（NDC） presented by Argentina within the framework of the Paris Agreement is aligned with the decisions m.de in the context of the United Nations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change（UNFCCC） on the reduction of emissions derived from.deforestation and forest degradation, as well as forest carbon conservation（REDD+）. In addition, climate change constitutes one of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the soil organic carbon（SOC） stocks of native forests have not been incorporated into the Forest Reference Emission Levels calculations and for conservation planning under cli-mate variability due to a lack of information. The objectives of this study were:（i） to m.del SOC stocks to 30 cm of native forests at a national scale using climatic, topographic and vegetation as predictor variables, and（ii） to relate SOC stocks with spatial–temporal remotely sensed indices to determine biodiversity conservation concerns due to threats from high inter-annual climate *** We used 1040 forest soil samples（0–30 cm） to generate spatially explicit estimates of SOC native forests in Argentina at a spatial resolution of approximately 200 m. We selected 52 potential predictive environmental covari-ates, which represent key factors for the spatial distribution of SOC. All covariate maps were uploaded to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based computing platform for subsequent m.delling. To determine the biodiversity threats from high inter-annual climate variability, we employed the spatial–temporal satellite-derived indices based on Enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI） and land surface temperature（LST） images from Landsat *** SOC m.del（0–30 cm.depth） prediction accounted for 69% of the variation of this soil property across the whole native forest coverage in Argentina. Total mean SOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km2,

关键词： Soil organic carbon Biodiversity Native forest Climate change mitigation m.delling Resilience

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 67-79页

作者： Paxson K.Y.CHEUNG Wen ZHOU Dongxiao WANG marco Y.T.LEUNG Guy-Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong 510275China

This study focuses on the temporal variation of dissimilarity in heat content(HC)anomalies in the upper 300 m of ocean(HC300A)in the equatorial Pacific(±10°N)and its response to the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).The HC300A anomalies are derived from four ocean reanalyses that are commonly used in ENSO studies and are compared using a simple differencing *** dissimilarity in HC300A is found to vary closely with the magnitude of ENSO(regardless of phase),meaning that it tends to be greater during strong ENSO ***,the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses persists after the event *** effect is more pronounced after strong *** persistence of the dissimilarity after ENSO events is a result of a late maturation of the ENSO signal,its persistence,and the interruption of the signal decay due to follow-up ENSO *** combined effect of these three factors slows down the decay of HC300A in the region and hence results in the slow decay of *** is also found that areas with a significant spread in vertical temperature profiles collocate with the ENSO signal during warm ENSO ***,differences in subsurface process reconstruction are a significant factor in the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses during warm ENSO events.

关键词： ocean reanalysis ocean heat content intercomparison ENSO equatorial Pacific

Trends in tropospheric ozone concentrations and forest impact metrics in Europe over the time period 2000–2014

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 543-551页

作者： Chiara Proietti maria Francesca Fornasier Pierre Sicard Alessandro Anav Elena Paoletti Alessandra de marco Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research(ISPRA) via Brancati 4800144 RomeItaly ARGANS 260 route du Pin Montard06410 BiotFrance Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and the EnvironmentC.R.Casaccia00123 RomeItaly IRET-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 10Florence50019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly

In Europe,tropospheric ozone pollution appears as a major air quality issue,and ozone concentrations remain potentially harmful to *** this study we compared the trends of two ozone metrics widely used for forests protection in Europe,the AOT40(Accumulated Ozone over Threshold of 40 ppb)which only depends on surface air ozone concentrations,and the Phytotoxic Ozone Dose which is the accumulated ozone uptake through stomata over the growing season,and above a threshold Y of uptake(PODY).By using a chemistry transport m.del,we found that European-averaged ground-level ozone concentrations(−2%)and AOT40 metric(−26.5%)significantly declined from 2000 to 2014,due to successful control strategies to reduce the emission of ozone precursors in Europe since the early *** contrast,the stomatal ozone uptake by forests increased from 17.5 to 26.6 mmol O3 m^(−2)despite the reduction in ozone concentrations,leading to an increase of potential ozone damage on plants in *** a climate change context,a biologically-sound stomatal flux-based standard(PODY)as new European legislative standard is needed.

关键词： Tropospheric ozone AOT40 POD Trendm mann-Kendall test

Elastic period of vibration calculated experimentally in buildings hosting permanent GPS stations

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第3期17卷 607-625页

作者： marco Gatti department of Engineering University of Ferrara

During the earthquake in Emilia（Italy） of 2012,ca.30 permanent GPS stations were in operation within a radius of about 100 km from the epicenter,each equipped with an antenna rigidly fixed to the host building and sampling the GPS signal at a high rate（〉 1 Hz）.From the recording of the GPS measurements,the instantaneous displacements s（t） in the NorthSouth and East-West directions of the phase centers of the single GPS antennas at each permanent station during the most important seismic sequences were calculated in kinematic ***,for each of the two displacements considered as two distinct external forces,the elastic response spectra of the building were determined and from them the two periods of vibration T along two orthogonal directions coinciding with the walls of the building were *** experimentally obtained periods of vibration were compared with those inferable from the technical *** this way,a sufficiently large sample was obtained per building type,geometry（square,rectangular,regular or irregular planimetry）,height（from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 20 m） and materials（masonry,reinforced concrete,etc.）.From the computational point of view,the study confirmed that GPS is an emerging tool for monitoring dynamic displacements and the experimentally estimated value of T is always lower than the one estimated with the formulae reported in the *** limitations of the study lie in the impossibility to choose a priori the geometry and/or structural type of the building hosting the GPS station.

关键词： permanent GPS stations Emilia-Romagna Italy earthquake period vibrations dynamic structure

Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from a clinical and public health perspective

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第5期11卷 755-758页

作者： Luis Antonio Díaz marco Arrese Juan Pablo Arab departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineSchulich School of MedicineWestern University&London Health Sciences CentreLondonONCanada Alimentiv LondonONCanada

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the western world(1).Currently,the global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated at 30%and is notably higher in South America and the middle East(1).NAFLD prevalence has been rising during the last decades,and cases of decompensated NAFLD cirrhosis could increase by 168%in 2030(Figure 1A)(2).These trends are probably explained by several factors including the decrease in viral hepatitis incidence and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2Dm)among the general population(2).

关键词： prevalence NAFLD liver

Double-face urethroplasty in patients with obliterative bulbar strictures post-transurethral resection of the prostate mid-term outcomes in high-volume referral center

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 512-517页

作者： Pankaj m.Joshi manuel Hevia Yatam Lakshmi Sreeranga marco Bandini Amey Patil Shreyas Bhadranavar Vipin Sharma Sandeep Bafna Sanjay B.Kulkarni Kulkarni Reconstructive Urology Center 3Rajpath SocietyPaud RoadPune 411038India Urology department Ramón y Cajal University HospitalIRYCISUniversity of AlcaláMadridSpain Urological Research Institute(URI) Unit of UrologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleVita SaluteSan Raffaele UniversityMilanMIItaly

Objective Incidences of post-transurethral resection of the prostate(post-TURP)strictures are between 2.2%and 9.8%.Stricture commonly occurs within the first 6 *** objective was to assess the outcomes of patients with obliterative strictures post-TURP that underwent a double-face *** This is a single-center prospective study of 17 patients with obliterative proximal bulbar stricture post-TURP who underwent double-face graft urethroplasty by two surgeons between January 2014 and January *** defined post-TURP obliterative strictures as those patients who presented with complete or almost complete obstruction of the urethral lumen and who have had a history of acute urine *** have excluded patients with bladder neck *** outcome was treatment success,defined as the no need for further *** outcome was post-urethroplasty continent *** Seventeen patients were included in the study with median age of 66(interquartile range 40-77)years;median time of follow-up was 24(interquartile range 12-84)months;median stricture length was 4(interquartile range 2-6)*** the 17 patients,15(88.2%)were *** patients were continent after *** With mid-term follow-up,treatment of obliterative proximal bulbar strictures with double-face buccal mucosa graft is a safe and effective *** proximal bulbar strictures merit double-face urethroplasty with high-rate success and functional outcomes.

关键词： Double-face urethroplasty Obliterative urethral stricture Post-transurethral resection of prostate Urethral stricture Spongiofibrosis Iatrogenic stricture

Flaps for bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis in pelvic fracture urethral injury

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 678-687页

作者： Pankaj m.Joshi marco Bandini Christian Yepes Sandeep Bafna Shreyas Bhadranavar Vipin Sharma Giuseppe Ottone Cirulli Sanjay B.Kulkarni Kulkarni Endo Surgery Institute and Reconstructive Urology Center PuneMaharashtra 411038India Urological Research Institute(URI) IRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan 20132Italy Centro Chirurgico Toscano Arezzo 52100Italy

Bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis(BUIN)is an iatrogenic entity resulting from repeated attempts at performing anastomotic urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral *** speaking,BUIN is related to a compromised blood supply of the bulbar urethra,which normally relies on anterograde supply from bulbar arteries and retrograde supply from recurrent branches of dorsal penile arteries,through the *** each transection of the bulbar urethra,both the anterograde and retrograde supplies are compromised,increasing the risk of *** though this term is widely used among reconstructive urologists,BUIN is orphan of an accepted scientific *** aim to report our personal perspective on BUIN,to identify factors associated with its occurrence,and to describe the management options in these patients.

关键词： Bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis inferior pubectomy pedicled preputial tube Q-flap

Exceptional thermal stability and enhanced hardness in a nanostructured mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy processed by high pressure torsion

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4589-4602页

作者： Wanting Sun Yang He Xiaoguang Qiao Xiaojun Zhao Houwen Chen Nong Gao marco J.Starink mingyi Zheng School of materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China College of materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China materials Research Group School of EngineeringUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUnited Kingdom Center for Composite materials and Structures Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina

A mg-8.2Gd-3.8Y-1.0Zn-0.4Zr(wt.%) alloy is processed by solution treatment and high pressure torsion(HPT) at room temperature to produce a nanostructured light material with high hardness. The stability of this alloy is subsequently tested through isochronal annealing for 0.5 h at 373 K to 673 K. The results reveal a thermal stability that is vastly superior to that of conventional mg-based alloys processed by severe plastic deformation: the grain size remains at around 50 nm on heating to 573 K, and as the temperature is increased to 673 K,grain growth is restricted to within 500 nm. The stability of grain refinement of the present alloy/processing combination allowing grain size to be limited to 55 nm after exposure at 573 K, appears to be nearly one order of magnitude better than for the other SPD processed mg-RE type alloys, and 2 orders of magnitude better than those of SPD processed RE-free mg alloys. This superior thermal stability is attributed to formation of co-clusters near and segregation at grain boundaries, which cause a thermodynamic stabilization of grain size, as well as formation of β-mg_(5)RE equilibrium phase at grain boundaries, which impede grain growth by the Zener pinning effect. The hardness of the nanostructured mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy increases with increasing annealing temperature up to 573 K, which is quite different from the other SPD-processed mg-based alloys. The high hardness of 136 HV after annealing at 573 K is mainly due to solute segregation and solute clustering at or near grain boundaries.

关键词： mg-RE alloy High pressure torsion Thermal stability Grain growth Solute segregation Phase transformation

A multi-stage triaxial testing procedure for low permeable geomaterials applied to Opalinus Clay

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第3期9卷 137-148页

作者： Katrin m. Wild marco Barla Giovanni Turinetti Florian Amann Engineering Geology Group Geological Institute ETH Zürich Sonneggstrasse 5 Zürich 8092 Switzerland department of Structural Building and Geotechnical Engineering Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy Swiss Competence Center of Energy Research Supply of Electricity (SCCER-SoE) Geological Institute ETH Zürich Sonneggstrasse 5 Zürich 8092Switzerland

In many engineering applications,it is important to determine both effective rock properties and the rock behavior which are representative for the problem’s in situ *** this purpose,rock samples are usually extracted from the ground and brought to the laboratory to perform laboratory experiments such as consolidated undrained(CU)triaxial *** low permeable geomaterials such as clay shales,core extraction,handling,storage,and specimen preparation can lead to a reduction in the degree of saturation and the effective stress state in the specimen prior to testing remains *** changes in structure and the effect of capillary pressure can alter the properties of the specimen and affect the reliability of the test results.A careful testing procedure including back-saturation,consolidation and adequate shearing of the specimen,however,can overcome these *** substantial effort has been devoted during the past decades to the establishment of a testing procedure for low permeable geomaterials,no consistent protocol can be *** a special focus on CU tests on Opalinus Clay,this study gives a review of the theoretical concepts necessary for planning and validating the results during the individual testing stages(saturation,consolidation,and shearing).The discussed tests protocol is further applied to a series of specimens of Opalinus Clay to illustrate its applicability and highlight the key aspects.

关键词： Triaxial test Saturation Consolidation Undrained Opalinus Clay Clay shale