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青藏高原大型地震断裂带的变形机制

地球学报 2024年

作者：张蕾李海兵王焕吴琼杨少华孙知明司家亮 chevalier marie-Luce 曹勇郑勇潘家伟刘栋梁赵中宝马绪宣卢海建中国地质科学院地质研究所自然资源部大陆动力学重点实验室江苏东海大陆深孔地壳活动国家野外科学观测研究站北京石油机械有限公司中国地质科学院地质力学研究所自然资源部古地磁与古构造重建重点实验室

近年来,大震频发,地震发生机制和地震断裂作用的研究已成为当今社会的重大课题,而断裂带的变形机制,尤其是大型地震断裂带的变形机制是认识断裂活动性和地震发生机制的关键。本文通过介绍青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带的最新... 详细信息

近年来,大震频发,地震发生机制和地震断裂作用的研究已成为当今社会的重大课题,而断裂带的变形机制,尤其是大型地震断裂带的变形机制是认识断裂活动性和地震发生机制的关键。本文通过介绍青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带的最新研究成果,探讨青藏高原大型地震断裂带的变形机制,主要认识如下:(1)汶川地震使不同性质断层同时破裂,并在地壳浅部(～732.6m深度)富流体断层泥中发生了熔融作用,颠覆了地震的传统认识,深化了对浅部断层力学性质的认识。(2)龙门山断裂带映秀—北川断裂带在晚三叠世曾经发生mw7.4～7.9级的逆冲-左行走滑大地震,断裂岩的高磁化率各向异性度值指示了大地震活动。(3)汶川—茂县断裂带在新生代时期存在三期不同构造变形,青藏高原东缘不存在下地壳流模式。(4)龙门山断裂带汶川—茂县断裂带曾经发生了摩擦热温度>500℃的大地震活动,孕震环境为还原性的含有硫化物的低温热液流体环境。(5)强震频发的鲜水河断裂带是藏东南物质外迁的主要边界,具有长期蠕滑变形行为,流体作用较强,流体的注入明显提升断层核部强矿物含量,促进了蠕滑断层的局部变强。上述认识丰富和完善了断裂作用理论,提高了对青藏高原大型地震断裂带变形机制的认识,为断裂带活动性、地震发生机制、地震危险性评估和防震减灾提供了科学依据。

关键词：断裂岩变形机制龙门山断裂带鲜水河断裂带青藏高原

Effect of Zr on the Oxidation Properties of Fe3Al Intermetallic Compound

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2009年第4期29卷 286-292页

作者： K. PRZYBYLsKI s. chevalier P. JUZON AGH University of science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics al. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Cracow Poland Instytut Carnot Bourgogne ICB CNRS UMR-5209-S.C. 9 Avenue Alain Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedet France

This review is concerned with the effect of the addition of zirconium as a third element on the heat-resisting properties of Fe_3Al intermetallic compounds and explains their high-temperature oxidation *** Fe_3Al and Fe_3Al-0.05Zr specimens were isothermally oxidized in the temperature range of 1173～1473 K in synthetic air for 100 *** formation of the alumina layer approximately obeyed the parabolic rate law,with the exception of short initial *** parabolic rate constant values for the Zr-doped Fe_3Al decreased at all tested ***_3Al revealed massive spallation,whereas Fe_3AlZr produced a flat,adherent oxide *** microstructure investigations of the alumina scales grown thermally on the Fe_3Al-Zr alloy by means of sEm-EDs showed that they were 1.5～2μm thick and consisted of a small inner columnar layer and an equiaxed outer grain ***,very fine(50～150 nm) oxide particles rich in Zr were found across the alumina *** addition of Zr significantly affected the oxidation behavior of Fe_3Al by improving the adherence of theα-Al_2O_3 ***-sAD investigations of the alumina scales on samples prepared using the FIB(Focused Ion Beam) method confirmed the presence of small tetragonal zirconia grains near the scale/gas and alloy/scale interfaces,most of which were formed along alumina grain boundaries(gbs).Zr gb-segregation was found using *** role of preferential formation of zirconium oxide along the alumina scale grain boundaries and the effect of Zr gb-segregation on oxidation and scale growth mechanisms were analyzed by means of two-stage oxidation experiments using ^(16)O_2/^(18)O_*** sIms oxygen isotope profiles for the Fe_3Al-Zr alloy oxidized at 1373 K, after two-stage oxidation experiments,revealed that oxygen anion diffusion is predominant compared to that of aluminum cation diffusion.

关键词：金属混合物合金腐蚀氧化 Fe3Al

Fragrant microcapsules Based onβ-Cyclodextrin for Cosmetotextile Application

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Journal of Renewable materials 2019年第12期7卷 1347-1362页

作者： maroua Ben Abdelkader Nedra Azizi Ayda Baffoun Yves chevalier mustapha majdoub Laboratoire des Interfaces et matériaux Avancés(LImA) Facultédes SciencesUniversitéde Monastirbd de l’Environnement5019 MonastirTunisia Laboratoire d’Automatique de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique(LAGEPP)UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1UMR CNRS 500743 bd du 11 Novembre 191869622 Villeurbanne CedexFrance Unitéde Recherche matériaux et Procédés Textiles Universitéde MonastirÉcole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Monastirav.Ibn Eljazzar5019 MonastirTunisia

microencapsulation of neroline inside microcapsules having a polyurethane shell based onβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)and hexane diisocyanate was performed by interfacial *** polyol nature ofβ-CD caused tight crosslinking of microcapsules *** of neroline were characterized for their chemical composition and structure of the polyurethane shell by FTIR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,optical and electron microscopy,light scattering and electrophoresis *** content and encapsulation yield were 15%and 60%,*** microcapsules of mean diameter 29μm were slightly cationic with an isoelectric point of ***-loaded microcapsules were fixed on cotton fabric using an impregnation *** functionalized fabric showed improved resistance to washing cycles in comparison with previously reported diol-based *** microcapsules display great potential for the long-lasting release of fragrance in the framework of cosmetotextile.

关键词： microcapsules interfacial polycondensation β-cyclodextrin neroline cosmetotextile

Loaded Rubber-Like materials subjected to small-Amplitude Vibrations

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2014年第5期32卷 620-632页

作者： T.Beda J.B.Casimir K.E.Atcholi Y.chevalier Industrial and mechanical Engineering Department Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique (ENSP) Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences Université de NGaoundéré Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des structures mécanique et des matériaux (LIsmmA) SUPMECA de Paris Institut de Recherche sur les Transports l’Energie et la Société (IRTES EA7274) Laboratoire Systèmes et Transport (SeT EA 3317) Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM)

This paper proposes a constitutive law and a method for characterizing highly preloaded viscoelastic materials subjected to linear （small-amplitude） vibrations. A multiplicative non-separable variables law has been suggested to model the behavior that depends on both stretch and time/frequency. This approach allows splitting the intricate combined test performed simultaneously on both stretch and frequency, generally in a limited experimental domain up to 100 Hz, into two independent tests. Thus, on one hand, the dynamic complex modulus dependent on frequency alone is evaluated on the basis of vibration tests in a large experimental domain up to 100 kHz. On the other hand, energetic parameters are determined from a quasi-static hyperelastic tensile test. The complex modulus, dependent on both stretch and frequency, is then deduced from the results acquired from uncoupled investigations. This work shows that, in extension, the elastic modulus increases with increasing stretch, and the loss factor decreases with increasing stretch; while, in compression, around the material undeformed state, the modulus increases as the stretch increases till a certain value of compression stretch （upturn point depending on material characteristics）, and then the modulus decreases as the stretch increases. Globally, preload rigidifies materials but reduces their damping property. These results closely match a well-known observation in solid mechanics.

关键词： Elastomers Viscoelasticity Hyperelasticity Vibrations modeling Characterization Combined modulus.

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAs detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht s.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.s. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk s.V. Addepalli m.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik m.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.s. Ahmed s. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy s. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H.m.J. Ali s. Ali s.W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.m.m. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m.G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung m. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei s.P. Amor Dos santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders s.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza s. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m.T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo m.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal s.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin s. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai s. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos s. Atashi R.J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten s. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia m. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.m. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay s. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari m-s. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron mo The ATLAs Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as standard model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAs Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAs *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAs JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

Challenging Nanopores with Analyte scope and Environment

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第1期3卷 61-79页

作者： Buddini I.Karawdeniya Y.m.Nuwan D.Y.Bandara Jonathan W.Nichols Robert B.chevalier James T.Hagan Jason R.Dwyer Department of Chemistry University of Rhode IslandRichard E.Beaupre Center for Chemical and Forensic Sciences140 Flagg Rd.KingstonRI 02881USA Present Address:Department of mechanical Engineering Lyle School of EngineeringSouthern Methodist UniversityDallasTX 75275USA Present Address:Nova Biomedical 200 Prospect StreetWalthamMA 02454-9141USA

Nanopores are nanofluidic channels formed through thin membranes that can deliver standout single-molecule and single-particle sensing *** targets include small molecules and nanoparticles,and the DNA,protein,and glycan biopolymers underpinning genomics,proteomics,and ***-notably even in the simplest implementation,resistive-pulse sensing-does not inherently require sample labeling and,thus,offers the potential for general sensing util-ity combined with the prospective benefits of reduced sample processing requirements.A key pursuit for biopolymer sens-ing is the characterization of monomer *** review article will provide an overview of the use of nanopores for general chemical sensing and-omics-related applications,*** broad analyte scope provides fertile ground for a discussion of principles governing nanopore sensing and considerations useful for guiding nanopore *** nanopores to be effective in the face of broad analyte scope,stringent requirements on analytical performance must be met within the particular analyte class without sacrificing the operational flexibility necessary to be responsive across classes presenting very different physical and chemical *** sample-driven challenges provide a unifying framework for discussing aspects of nanopore fabrication,properties,and integration;sensing paradigms,performance,and prospects;fundamental electrokinetic and interfacial phenomena;and practical challenges facing the use and further development of nanopore devices.

关键词： Nanopore single-molecule sensing Nanofluidics Point-of-care silicon nitride Resistive pulse Wearable sensors Quality assurance

A cardioembolic stroke

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2014年第1期4卷 9-13页

作者： N. Benyounes R. Blanc s. Welschbillig m. Obadia G. chevalier A. Cohen Cardiology Unit Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild Paris France Cardiology Unit Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild Paris France 2The Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rot Intensive Care Unit Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild Paris France The Department of Cardiology Hospital Saint Antoine Paris France The Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild Paris France The Department of Neurology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild Paris France

A 76-year-old woman with unspecified congenital heart disease was admitted on April 25th for TIA. she had a possible history of atrial fibrillation. A slight fever was noted on admission. Her ECG was abnormal, as well as her transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Troponin I was slightly increased. On may 11th, a stroke occurred, in relation with an occlusion of the basilar artery. The patient was transferred to our institution for an emergency desobstruction. A dramatic improvement allowed her to be discharged to a rehabilitation center on may 18th. However, she was re-hospitalized on June 5th, due to sepsis and neurological worsening. mRI showed new ischemic brain lesions. several episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were documented, as well as pulmonary hypertension. Effective heparin therapy was initiated and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was requested this time. It revealed a congenital valvular heart disease (a subaortic membrane), complicated by infective endocarditis. Despite a monitoring of aPTT, a fatal hemorrhagic shock occurred. We report this unfortunately remarkable case to address the following important points: 1) In the setting of a neurological event, abnormal ECG and/or abnormal TTE and/or Troponin I elevation may indicate a cardioembolic mechanism and therefore seek a cardiac source of embolism. 2) When TTE fails to identify a cardiac source of embolism, TEE should be performed, especially when a preexisting heart disease is suspected or known. 3) The multiplicity in space (infarcts in both the anterior and posterior circulation, or bilateral) and/or the multiplicity in time (infarcts of different age) may indicate a cardioembolic stroke. 4) Congenital subaortic membrane predisposes to infective endocarditis. 5) When anticoagulant therapy is initiated on strong arguments in a septic patient (much discussed in infective endocarditis), aPTT monitoring alone may not be enough. An anti-Xa monitoring may be more appropriate.

关键词： stroke Echocardiography Cardio-Embolic Congenital Heart Disease Infective Endocarditis

鲜水河断裂带乾宁段岩石特征与内部结构及其物理-化学性质

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岩石学报 2021年第10期37卷 3204-3224页

作者：吴琼李海兵 chevalier marie-Luce 米桂龙李超何祥丽李亚林中国地质科学院地质研究所自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室北京100037 中国地质大学(北京) 北京100083 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) 广州511458 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院北京100085

断裂带的变形行为和断层滑移机制是目前地震研究关注的热点,断裂带岩石特征、内部结构与物理化学性质是确定断层蠕滑或粘滑行为以及断层滑移机制的基础和关键。本文以鲜水河断裂带乾宁段地表出露的断裂岩为研究对象,通过野外地质调查、... 详细信息

断裂带的变形行为和断层滑移机制是目前地震研究关注的热点,断裂带岩石特征、内部结构与物理化学性质是确定断层蠕滑或粘滑行为以及断层滑移机制的基础和关键。本文以鲜水河断裂带乾宁段地表出露的断裂岩为研究对象,通过野外地质调查、室内光学显微镜、扫描电镜、粒度统计、粉末X射线衍射分析(XRD)和薄片X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)等多种研究方法,对鲜水河断裂带岩石特征、结构构造、物性、矿物成分及化学元素分布开展了详细的分析,并探讨了相关变形行为和滑移机制。分析表明:(1)断裂带核部主要由黑色断层泥、浅黄色及黄色断层角砾岩和灰色碎裂岩、灰色断层角砾岩组成,呈单核对称结构;(2)黑色断层泥厚3~5cm,具有快速滑动结构特征,表现为断层粘滑行为。断层泥可划分出13个滑移带,最窄滑移带厚约40μm,至少代表13期古地震事件;(3)断层泥主要由伊利石、高岭石和石英等矿物组成,其中边部伊蒙混层含量异常高,为最新一次古地震的主滑移带。由于伊利石和伊蒙混层(或蒙脱石)为主要黏土矿物的断层泥渗透率低、孔隙流体压力大,以及发现断层泥楔入脉,表明地震过程中断层滑动存在热增压弱化机制;(4)从断层泥不同滑动带中碎块蚀变程度和矿物分布特征来看,地震主滑动带有向碎裂岩方向迁移的趋势。推测断层在滑动过程中,更趋向于向弱矿物含量高(如伊利石、伊蒙混层)、强矿物含量低(如方解石、高岭石)的围岩一侧迁移。

关键词：鲜水河断裂带岩石组成断层泥内部结构滑移机制

聚乙烯乙二醇诱导水分亏缺对春小麦分蘖的影响

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国外农学（麦类作物） 1989年第1期 38-40页

作者： D.J.Davidson P.m.chevalier 肖凯

小麦的分蘖受栽培措施和坏境条件的影响。许多研究表明,干旱可减少小麦的分蘖成穗数。本试验旨在确定在人工控制条件下降低根系周围渗透势对春小麦各级分蘖数的影响。在人工气候室内水培睿小麦品种"Edwall"和"Waverly"。除对照外,用聚... 详细信息

小麦的分蘖受栽培措施和坏境条件的影响。许多研究表明,干旱可减少小麦的分蘖成穗数。本试验旨在确定在人工控制条件下降低根系周围渗透势对春小麦各级分蘖数的影响。在人工气候室内水培睿小麦品种"Edwall"和"Waverly"。除对照外,用聚乙烯乙二醇把培养液的水势维持在—0.1、—0.3和—0.5兆帕三个水平上。在植株营养生长期间测定了它们的分蘖状况、叶面积、植株干物质重量和水分关系。改变根系周围营养液的渗透浓度可推迟分蘖始期,并且使叶面积、干物质、三级和四级分蘖数减少,一级和二级分蘖不受 PEG(聚乙烯乙二醇)处理影响。在播种后40天,PEG 处理植株的水势和渗透势比对照植株负值更大,但二者的压力势则相似。植株通过积累溶质降低渗透势和维持正常的膨压来适应 PEG 诱导的胁迫。适应之后重新开始分蘖,但这时产生的分蘖较小。因此,这种分蘖对渗透胁迫不太敏感,而其后来的营养生长对渗透胁迫则较敏感。

关键词：小麦聚乙烯二醇水分亏缺分蘖