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Controlling the magnetic state of the proximate quantum spin liquid α-RuCl_(3) with an optical cavity

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npj Computational materials 2023年第1期9卷 265-274页

作者： Emil viñas Boström Adithya Sriram martin Claassen Angel Rubio max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron InstituteSimons FoundationNew York CityNY 10010USA

Harnessing the enhanced light-matter coupling and quantum vacuum fluctuations resulting from mode volume compression in optical cavities is a promising route towards functionalizing quantum materials and realizing exotic states of ***,we extend cavity quantum electrodynamical materials engineering to correlated magnetic systems,by demonstrating that a Fabry-Pérot cavity can be used to control the magnetic state of the proximate quantum spin liquidα-RuCl_(3).Depending on specific cavity properties such as the mode frequency,photon occupation,and strength of the light-matter coupling,any of the magnetic phases supported by the extended Kitaev model can be *** particular,in the THz regime,we show that the cavity vacuum fluctuations alone are sufficient to bringα-RuCl_(3) from a zigzag antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic *** external pumping of the cavity in the few photon limit,it is further possible to push the system into the antiferromagnetic Kitaev quantum spin liquid state.

关键词： state quantum magnetic

microstructure, mechanical Properties and Wear Behaviourof Deep-Cryogenic-Treated HSS

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 540-545页

作者： V. Leskovek m. Kalin J. vi■intin Institute of metals and Technology Ljubljana SloveniaUniversity of Ljubljana Center for Tribology and Technical Diagnostics Ljubljana SloveniaUniversity of Ljubljana Center for Tribology and Technical Diagnostics Ljubljana Slovenia

In this paper we compare the wear behaviour of a vacuum-heat-treated ESR AISI m2 high-speed steel and the same steel that was vacuum heat treated in conjunction with a deep-cryogenic treatment at -196 °C. Four different tempering temperatures for the specimens austenized at the same austenitizing temperature were carefully selected to obtain various in-advance-determined combinations of the microstructures, the fracture toughness, KIc and the Rockwell-C hardness. Each of the eight specimens was therefore characterised by these microstructures and resulting material properties. The wear study was performed using a reciprocating sliding device under well-controlled contact conditions. Relatively high loads were used to provide enough wear for a comparison of the selected samples. A much harder and dissimilar model counter-material, i.e. silicon nitride ceramic, was used in order to avoid excessive wear of the counter samples and adhesion, which could occur in contacts with similar materials (metals/steels) under such high loads and in non-lubricated conditions. The wear behaviours were then compared and discussed in terms of these microstructures and the related properties. The differences in the wear resistance obtained in our investigation were as high as an order of magnitude. However, the beneficial effects are not a direct result of the type of the treatment, but relate to a proper combination of the resulting fracture toughness and the hardness. The more uniform and moderate values, which, however, tend to be obtained with a deep-cryogenic treatment, are beneficial to the high wear resistance of the selected high-speed steel.

关键词：高速钢显微结构深低温处理机械性质磨损性能

Functional relationship between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea populations in the secondary treatment system of a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第12期31卷 120-130页

作者： Golam mIslam Peter vi Kimberley Ann Gilbride Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoOntario M5B 2K3Canada Ryerson Urban Water Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoOntario M5B 2K3Canada

The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea and their amo A genes from the aerobic activated sludge tanks,recycled sludge and anaerobic digesters of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)was *** chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used to generate diversity profiles,which showed that each population had a consistent profile although the abundance of individual members *** the aerobic tanks,the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial(AOB)population was more than 350 times more abundant than the ammonia-oxidizing archaeal(AOA)population,however in the digesters,the AOA population was more than 10 times more *** the activity of the amo A gene expression of the two populations using RT-PCR also showed that the AOA amo A gene was more active in the digesters than in the activated sludge *** batch reactors and dd PCR,amo A activity could be measured and it was found that when the AOB amo A activity was inhibited in the anoxic reactors,the expression of the AOA amo A gene increased *** suggests that these two populations may have a cooperative relationship for the oxidation of ammonia.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Topic:Ammonia-oxidation Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) PCR Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)

Is autophagy induction by PARP inhibitors a target for therapeutic benefit?

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Oncology Research 2022年第1期30卷 1-12页

作者： AHmED m.ELSHAZLY TUONG vi V.NGUYEN DAviD A.GEWIRTZ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMassey Cancer CenterRichmondVA23298USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt

PARP inhibitors have proven to be effective in conjunction with conventional therapeutics in the treatment of various solid as well as hematologic malignancies,particularly when the tumors are deﬁcient in DNA repair ***,as the case with other chemotherapeutic agents,their effectiveness is often compromised by the development of *** inhibitors have consistently been reported to promote autophagy,a process that maintains cellular homeostasis and acts as an energy source by the degradation and reutilization of damaged subcellular organelles and *** can exhibit different functional properties,the most prominent being *** addition,both cytotoxic and non-protective functions forms have also been identiﬁ*** this review,we explore the available literature regarding the different roles of autophagy in response to clinically-used PARP inhibitors,highlighting the possibility of targeting autophagy as an adjuvant therapy to potentially increase the effectiveness of PARP inhibition and to overcome the development of resistance.

关键词： Olaparib Niraparib Rucaparib Talazoparib Autophagy Cytoprotective Cytotoxic Non-protective

A New Perspective of the Physical Processes Associated with the Clear-Sky Greenhouse Effect over High Latitudes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第2期21卷 171-180页

作者： Zuohao ca0 Ronald E．STEWART m．K．YAU meteorologicalServiceofcanada，Ontario，canada DepartmentofAtmosphericandOceanicSciences，mcGillUniversitymontreal，Quebec，canada

The physical processes associated with the clear-sky greenhouse effect in the presence of water vapor are examined by including surface emissivity in the greenhouse effect formulation, and by introducing a new way to partition physical processes of the greenhouse effect. In this new framework, it is found that the clear-sky greenhouse effect is governed by three physical processes associated with (1) the temperature contrast between the surface and the atmosphere, (2) the interaction between the surface emissivity and the temperature contrast, and (3) the surface emissivity. The importance of the three physical processes is assessed by computing their vertical and spectral variations far the subarctic winter and summer standard atmosphere using the radiation model mODTRAN3 (moderate Resolution Transmittance code Version 3). The results show that the process associated with the temperature contrast between the surface and the atmosphere dominates over the other two processes in magnitude. The magnitude of this process has substantial variations in the spectral region of 1250 to 1880 cm-1 and in the far infrared region. Due to the low-level temperature inversion over the subarctic winter, there exists a negative contribution to the greenhouse trapping. The seasonal variations are, however, dominated by the processes associated with the interaction between the surface emissivity and the temperature contrast as well as the surface emissivity itself. The magnitudes of these two physical processes contributing to the greenhouse trapping over the subarctic winter are about 7 to 10 times of those over the subarctic summer, whereas the magnitude of the processes associated with the temperature contrast in the subarctic summer is only about 2 times of that in the subarctic winter.

关键词： greenhouse effect surface ernissivity physical processe high latitude seasonal variation

Tuning mXenes Towards Their Use in Photocatalytic Water Splitting

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第6期7卷 321-331页

作者： Diego Ontiveros Sergi Vela Francesc viñes carmen Sousa Departament de Ciència de materials i Química Física&Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional(IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelonac/Martíi Franquès 1-1108028 BarcelonaSpain

Finding appropriate photocatalysts for solar-driven water(H_(2)O)splitting to generate hydrogen(H_(2))fuel is a challenging task,particularly when guided by conventional trial-and-error experimental ***,density functional theory(DFT)is used to explore the mXenes photocatalytic properties,an emerging family of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides and nitrides with chemical formula m_(n+1)X_(n)T_(x),known to be semiconductors when having T_(x)*** than 4,000 mXene structures have been screened,considering different compositional(m,X,T_(x),and n)and structural(stacking and termination position)factors,to find suitable mXenes with a bandgap in the visible region and band edges that align with the water-splitting half-reaction *** from bandgap analysis show how,in general,mXenes with n=1 and transition metals from group III present the most cases with bandgap and promising sizes,with C-mXenes being superior to *** band alignment calculations of candidate systems with a bandgap larger than 1.23 eV,the minimum required for a water-splitting process,Sc_(2)CT_(2),Y_(2)CT_(2)(T_(x)=Cl,Br,S,and Se)and Y_(2)CI_(2)are highlighted as adequate photocatalysts.

关键词： Density Functional Theory mXenes Photocatalysis Water Splitting

Game changer:How Janus kinase inhibitors are reshaping the landscape of ulcerative colitis mana

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第35期30卷 3942-3953页

作者： Antonio m caballero-mateos Guillermo Arturo cañadas-de la Fuente Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology San Cecilio University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Department of Nursing Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18004Spain

Recent advancements in the treatment landscape of ulcerative colitis(UC)have ushered in a new era of possibilities,particularly with the introduction of Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription *** novel agents offer a paradigm shift in UC management by targeting key signaling pathways involved in inflammatory *** approved JAK inhibitors(JAKis),such as tofacitinib,filgotinib,and upadacitinib,clinicians now have powerful tools to modulate immune responses and gene expression,potentially revolutionizing the treatment algorithm for *** trials have demonstrated the efficacy of JAKis in inducing and maintaining remission,presenting viable options for patients who have failed conventional ***-world data support the use of JAKis not only as first-line treatments but also in subsequent lines of therapy,particularly in patients with aggressive disease phenotypes or refractory to biologic *** rapid onset of action and potency of JAKis have broadened the possibilities in the management strategies of UC,offering timely relief for patients with active disease and facilitating personalized treatment *** safety concerns,including cardiovascular risks and infections,ongoing research and post-marketing surveillance will continue to refine our understanding of the risk-benefit profile of JAKis in UC management.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Janus kinase inhibitors Filgotinib Tofacitinib Upadacitinib

Shear strength behavior of geotextile/geomembrane interfaces

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第6期7卷 638-645页

作者： Belén m.Bacas Jorge caizal Heinz Konietzky Terrasolum S.L.Geotechnical Engineering Technology Development Center of University of Cantabria(CDTUC) School of Civil Engineering University of Cantabria Geotechnical Institute TU Bergakademie Freiberg

This paper aims to study the shear interaction mechanism of one of the critical geosynthetic interfaces,the geotextile/geomembrane, typically used for lined containment facilities such as landfills. A largedirect shear machine is used to carry out 90 geosynthetic interface tests. The test results show a strainsoftening behavior with a very small dilatancy （〈0.5 mm） and nonlinear failure envelopes at a normalstress range of 25e450 kPa. The influences of the micro-level structure of these geosynthetics on themacro-level interface shear behavior are discussed in detail. This study has generated several practicalrecommendations to help professionals to choose what materials are more adequate. From the threegeotextiles tested, the thermally bonded monofilament exhibits the best interface shear strength underhigh normal stress. For low normal stress, however, needle-punched monofilaments are *** the regular textured geomembranes tested, the space between the asperities is an important *** closer these asperities are, the better the result achieves. For the irregular textured geomembranestested, the nonwoven geotextiles made of monofilaments produce the largest interface shear strength.

关键词： Geotextiles Geomembranes Landfills Fiber length Roughness Shear strength Friction angle

Analysis and modeling of Slope Stability in the Three-Gorges Dam Reservoir (China)——The case of Huangtupo Landslide

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Journal of mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 166-175页

作者： R.COJEAN Y.J.ca Centre de Géosciences Mines-ParisTech Paris France Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design & Research CWRC Wuhan China

The water level in the Three Gorges Dam reservoir is expected to change between the elevations of 145 m and 175 m, as a function of the flood control implementation and the intensity of the annual flood. As a matter of fact, the hydraulical and mechanical loadings, related to the water level modifications, will result in alterations in the slope stability conditions. The town of Badong (Hubei), of 20 000 inhabitants, is one of the towns which was submerged by the impoundment of the reservoir. As a consequence, the new town of Badong was constructed on a nearby site which appeared to be partly an unstable site. A part of this site corresponds to an old landslide, the Huangtupo landslide, the base of which had to be submerged by the water of the reservoir. The analysis of the Huangtupo landslide, taking into account various events scenarios, drainage and reinforcement measures and monitoring devices, allows to illustrate the general process implemented all along the reservoir in order to mitigate the landslide hazard.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Landslide modelling