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Biochar Application Improves the Drought Tolerance in maize Seedlings

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第4期88卷 379-388页

作者： A.Sattar A.Sher m.Ijaz m.Irfan m.butt T.Abbas S.Hussain A.Abbas m.S.Ullah m.A.Cheema College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Bahadur Sub-CampusLayyah31200Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan School of Science and the Environment Grenfell Campus Memorial University of NewfoundlandCorner Brook2000A2H 5G4Canada

Application of biochar to agricultural soils is mostly used to improve soil fertility.Experimental treatments were comprised of two factors:i)drought at two level,i.e.,80%and 40%water holding capacity(WHC)which was maintained on gravimetric basis ii)three levels of biochar i.e.,control,2 t ha^(-1) and 4 t ha^(-1) added to soil.Experimentation was done to examine potential of biochar application to enhance the growth attributes,water relations,photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants activities in maize(Zea mays L.)seedlings.Results of study revealed that biochar application increased the growth qualities(total seedlings biomass,dry weight of shoot and root,shoot length and root length).In addition;contents of photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,a+b and a/b),water relation(relative water contents,turgor potential,osmotic potential and water potential)were improved significantly due to addition of biochar.Addition of 4 t ha^(-1) biochar led to significant rise activity of enzymatic antioxidant catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in leaf of maize seedling sunder drought as well as well watered circumstances.However,biochar applied at the rate 4 t ha^(-1) improved the all the physiological and biochemical attributes in maize seedlings under drought.From the results it was concluded that biochar application is an efficient way to alleviate adverse effect of drought stress on maize.In drought prone areas,long term impacts of biochar on production of maize and properties of soil could be recommended as upcoming shove.

关键词： Antioxidants biochar drought stress water relations chlorophyll contents

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球孢白僵菌种群野生菌株异核现象的分子验证

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菌物系统 2001年第4期20卷 475-481页

作者：王成树王四宝李增智 Tariq m.butt 安徽农业大学经济昆虫菌物研究所合肥230036 期旺西大学生物学院

球孢白僵菌28S rRNA基因D11域由于一内含子的存在与否,引起这一区域的扩增产物有两种片段类型(约520bp及120bp),将此作为分子标记分析了球孢白僵菌的117个菌株,发现17%菌株的扩增产物为双片段类型,即为异核体。异核体在不同种群中的分... 详细信息

球孢白僵菌28S rRNA基因D11域由于一内含子的存在与否,引起这一区域的扩增产物有两种片段类型(约520bp及120bp),将此作为分子标记分析了球孢白僵菌的117个菌株,发现17%菌株的扩增产物为双片段类型,即为异核体。异核体在不同种群中的分布频率因地理生态条件而异。单孢分离分析表明,异核体的分离频率约为35%。RAPD检测结果说明异核体在准性循环中发生了不同程度的遗传交换及遗传重组。球孢白僵菌异核体在继代培养中极不稳定。

关键词：球孢白僵菌内含子异核体异核现象遗传重组

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Resolving the age-related decline in central nervous system myelin turnover and drug discovery for oligodendroglial rejuvenation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2677-2678页

作者： Andrea Domenico Rivera Arthur morgan butt Kasum Azim Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Section of Human Anatomy Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly Department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

myel i n genes are amongst the most dysregulated genes in the aged brain:Just over half of the weight of an entire adult human brain is attributed to myelin,which wraps around neuronal axons and is essential for superfast axonal conduction and neuronal integrity.In the central nervous system,it is the function of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes(OLs)to make myelin,which is made up of lipids and proteins.OLs are generated throughout life by a significant population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs)that are responsible for the lifelong generation of OLs and myelin,essential for learning,as well as repair following pathological insults(i.***.in demyelinating diseases that include multiple sclerosis)(Simons and Nave,2015;Philips and Rothstein,2017).Changes in myelin content in the human brain over the lifespan of individuals have been well documented,as well as evidence of myelin loss in rodent models using classical histological approaches(Bartzokis et al.,2012;Soreq et al.,2017).

关键词： myelin system specialized

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Physical,Thermal and Partial Discharge Evaluation of Nano Alumina Filled Silicone Rubber in an Inclined Plane Test

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第4期8卷 1242-1249页

作者： m.Tariq Nazir Faizan Tahir butt Haider Hussain B.Toan Phung Shakeel Akram m.Shoaib Bhutta Ghulam Yasin School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australiaand the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW 2052Australia Institut d'Electronique et des Systès(IES) UMR 5214CNRSUniversitéde Montpellier34095 MontpellierFrance State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChonging 400044China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of EnergyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Silicone rubber(SiR)composite material is a modern-day insulator for high voltage outdoor applications.The imperfection attributed to SiR is its weak resistance to tracking and erosion when exposed to an outdoor polluted environment which reduces its operational lifetime.This paper investigates the performance of SiR with the addition of 0,1,2.5,5,10 and 20%by weight contents of nano alumina(Al_(2)O_(3)).Inclined plane tests are performed according to IEC 60587 using the step up tracking voltage method with an initial voltage of 3.0 kV and the contaminant solution flow rate is maintained at 0.3 ml/min using a peristaltic pump.The applied voltage level is increased at a rate of 0.25 kV/h.Results suggest that physical tracking,erosion,RmS leakage current and surface partial discharge(PD)performance of samples is improved with the addition of nano alumina.The tracking length,eroded mass,RmS leakage current and average PD magnitude are measured 22%,79%,30%and 52%lesser in 20 wt%relative to 0 wt%,respectively.A thermal distribution analysis is undertaken with infrared camera and it is discovered that heat is accumulated in the discharge area of the liquid flow.The maximum temperature on the insulating specimen is decreased with increasing nanofiller contents.The above promising findings can be due to better thermal stability with low chain mobility at the interaction zone of SiR and alumina.moreover,less liquid evaporation due to better thermal conduction and improved physical bonding between SiR and nano alumina are possible reasons behind the excellent performance of nanocomposites.

关键词： Alumina(Al_(2)O_(3)) dry band arcing(DBA) inclined plane test(IPT) infrared thermal analysis leakage current partial discharge(PD) silicone rubber(SiR) thermal properties

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Optical multiplexing techniques and their marriage for on-chip and optical fiber communication:a review

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第8期5卷 50-74页

作者： Svetlana Nikolaevna Khonina Nikolay Lvovich Kazanskiy muhammad Ali butt Sergei Vladimirovich Karpeev IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC"Crystallography and Photonics"RAS Samara 443001Russia Samara National Research University Samara 443086Russia Warsaw University of Technology Institute of Microelectronics and OptoelectronicsKoszykowa 75Warszawa 00-662Poland

Herein,an attention-grabbing and up-to-date review related to major multiplexing techniques is presented which in-cludes wavelength division multiplexing(WDm),polarization division multiplexing(PDm),space division multiplexing(SDm),mode division multiplexing(mDm)and orbital angular momentum multiplexing(OAmm).multiplexing is a mech-anism by which multiple signals are combined into a shared channel used to showcase the maximum capacity of the op-tical links.However,it is critical to develop hybrid multiplexing methods to allow enhanced channel numbers.In this re-view,we have also included hybrid multiplexing techniques such as WDm-PDm,WDm-mDm and PDm-mDm.It is prob-able to attain N×m channels by utilizing N wavelengths and m guided-modes by simply utilizing hybrid WDm-mDm(de)multiplexers.To the best of our knowledge,this review paper is one of its kind which has highlighted the most prom-inent and recent signs of progress in multiplexing techniques in one place.

关键词： wavelength division multiplexing mode division multiplexing polarization division multiplexing space-division multiplexing and hybrid multiplexing

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Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5233-5269页

作者： Alexei Verkhratsky Arthur butt Baoman Li Peter Illes Robert Zorec Alexey Semyanov Yong Tang michael V.Sofroniew International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain Department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineLT-01102VilniusLithuania Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Leipzig04109LeipzigGermany Celica Biomedical Lab Cell EngineeringTechnology Park1000LjubljanaSlovenia Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—molecular Cell Physiology Institute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaFaculty of MedicineLjubljanaSlovenia Department of Physiology Jiaxing University College of Medicine314033JiaxingChina Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease(Chengdu University of TCm) Ministry of Education/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina Department of Neurobiology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system(CNS).Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder outcome.Pathophysiological changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of functions.Astroglia respond to external,non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure,molecular expression,and function.In addition,internally driven,cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS pathologies.Astroglial pathophysiology is complex,with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder,disorder-stage,comorbidities,age,and sex.Here,we classify astroglial pathophysiology into(i)reactive astrogliosis,(ii)astroglial atrophy with loss of function,(iii)astroglial degeneration and death,and(iv)astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive disease.We review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders,including neurotrauma,stroke,neuroinfection,autoimmune attack and epilepsy,as well as neurodevelopmental,neurodegenerative,metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders.Characterising cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies.

关键词： diseases epilepsy degeneration

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multiple rational rogue waves for higher dimensional nonlinear evolution equations via symbolic computation approach

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2023年第1期8卷 33-41页

作者： Saima Arshed Nauman Raza Asma Rashid butt Ahmad Javid J.F.Gómez-Aguilar Department of mathematics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Department of mathematics University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan School of Natural Sciences(SNS) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan CONACyT-Tecnológico Nacional de méxico/CENIDET Interior Internado Palmira S/NCol.PalmiraCuernavaca Morelos C.P.62490México

The paper investigates the multiple rogue wave solutions associated with the generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito(HSI)equation and the newly proposed extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-miwa(Jm)equation with the help of a symbolic computation technique.By incorporating a direct variable trans-formation and utilizing Hirota’s bilinear form,multiple rogue wave structures of different orders are ob-tained for both generalized HSI and Jm equation.The obtained bilinear forms of the proposed equations successfully investigate the 1st,2nd and 3rd-order rogue waves.The constructed solutions are verified by inserting them into original equations.The computations are assisted with 3D graphs to analyze the propagation dynamics of these rogue waves.Physical properties of these waves are governed by different parameters that are discussed in details.

关键词： Generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito(HSI) equation The new extended(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-miwaequation Symbolic computation approach Bilinear form Rogue wave solutions

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Ultra-wideband Frequency Selective Surface for Communication Applications

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Computers, materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 6177-6187页

作者： Shahid Habib Ghaffer Iqbal Kiani muhammad Fasih Uddin butt Syed muzahir Abbas Abdulah Jeza Aljohani Soon Xin Ng Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKingdom of Saudi Arabia School of Electronics and Computer Science University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK School of Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia BENELEC BotanySydneyNSW2019Australia

A low-profile ultra-wideband(UWB)band-stop frequency selective surface(FSS)is designed for S-,C-,X-and Ku-bands communication applications.The FSS is constructed by using square and circular loop elements printed on the top and bottom sides of the RO3210 substrate.The FSS has been designed to reduce the electromagnetic interference(EmI)as well as to mitigate the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body caused by different radio devices.The dimension and size of the UWB FSS have been reduced to 0.12λ×0.12λand 90%,respectively,as compared to the reported literature.The other advantages of the proposed FSS are that it is low profile,it has a simplified geometry and it ensures better angular and polarization stability of up to 85◦.The-10 and-20 dB bandwidths of the proposed FSS are 146%(2.0-13.0 GHz)and 80%(4.87-11.42 GHz),respectively.Theoretical results have been obtained using ANSYS HFSS and verified through measured results.

关键词： Electromagnetic radiation fractional bandwidth polarization transverse electric transverse magnetic

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Effects of magnetic Field on Entropy Generation in Flow and Heat Transfer due to a Radially Stretching Surface

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第2期30卷 155-159页

作者： Adnan Saeed butt Asif Ali Department of mathematics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320Islamabad 44000Pakistan

We investigate the effects of magnetic field on the entropy generation during fluid flow and heat transfer due to the radially stretching surface.The partial differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer phenomenon are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity transformations.These equations are then solved by the homotopy analysis method and the shooting technique.The effects of the magnetic field parameter m and the Prandtl number Pr on velocity and the temperature profiles are presented.moreover,influence of the magnetic field parameter m and the group parameter Br/Ω on the local entropy generation number Ns as well as the Bejan number Be are inspected.It is observed that the magnetic field is a strong source of entropy production in the considered problem.

关键词： technique. surface. entropy

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Polarization-Insensitive Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Design for Evanescent Field Absorption Gas Sensor

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Photonic Sensors 2021年第3期11卷 279-290页

作者： Nikolay Lvovich Kazanskiy Svetlana Nikolaevna Khonina muhammad Ali butt Department of Technical Cybernetics Samara National Research UniversityMoskovskoye Shosse 34Samara443086Russia Institute of RAS-Branch of the FSRC“Crystallography and Photonics”RAS Molodogvardeiskaya 151Samara443001Russia Institute of microelectronics and Optoelectronics Warsaw University of TechnologyKoszykowa 75Warszawa00-662Poland

We propose a polarization-insensitive design of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide(HPWG)optimized at the 3.392µm wavelength which corresponds to the absorption line of methane gas.The waveguide design is capable of providing high mode sensitivity(Smode)and evanescent field ratio(EFR)for both transverse electric(TE)and transverse magnetic(Tm)hybrid modes.The modal analysis of the waveguide is performed via 2-dimension(2D)and 3-dimension(3D)finite element methods(FEms).At optimized waveguide parameters,Smode and EFR of 0.94 and 0.704,can be obtained for the TE hybrid mode,respectively,whereas the Tm hybrid mode can offer Smode and EFR of 0.86 and 0.67,respectively.The TE and Tm hybrid modes power dissipation of~3 dB can be obtained for a 20-µm-long hybrid plasmonic waveguide at the 60%gas concentration.We believe that the highly sensitive waveguide scheme proposed in this work overcomes the limitation of the polarization controlled light and can be utilized in gas sensing applications.

关键词： Hybrid plasmonic waveguide finite element method methane gas evanescent field absorption gas sensor polarization-insensitive

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