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Earthworm community development in soils of a reclaimed steelworks

Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 384-390页

作者： Kevin RBUTT Siobhan mQUIGG University of Central Lancashire School of Forensic and Applied SciencesPreston PR12HEUK

Long-term studies are essential to learn earthworm community development and soil formation post reclamation.Investigations were undertaken at a former steelworks site at Hallside,near Glasgow,UK,reclaimed in the 1990s using a mixture of colliery spoil and sewage sludge.The site was largely planted for production of short rotation coppice willow(Salix spp.).Earthworm inoculation formed a part of the restoration process.minimal monitoring occurred in the interim,but some records of earthworm sampling existed in 2000 and 2005.This study focused on monitoring earthworms and soil properties across the site,drawing comparisons with adjacent unspoiled soil.Results showed that after 22 years,a species-rich community of earthworms(n=16)colonized the site,with endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa being dominant by number and anecic A.longa by mass.Across the site,earthworm community density and biomass were 208 individuals m^(-2) and 71 g m^(-2),respectively.The Shannon diversity index for earthworms was 1.89,with an evenness of 0.68.The sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter,but the stone content of the colliery spoil prevented digging in some locations.Soil chemistry had no negative effect on earthworms,but the compacted substrate did hinder water infiltration.Earthworms colonized the reclaimed site from adjacent areas,and community structure and density below well-drained,scrub-free willow,birch,and grassland were not significantly different(P>0.05)from those of the adjacent unspoiled areas.The results show that the historical earthworm inoculation was unnecessary and badly timed.Future reclamations of similar sites can learn from this investigation.

关键词： colliery spoil colonization inoculation land reclamation pedogenesis rehabilitation sewage sludge willow

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1.5K近毫米波段InSb复光学常数的测量

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红外与毫米波学报 1984年第4期 298-298页

作者：龚雅谦,J.R.birch,E.A.m.Baker,A.E.Costley 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所英国国家物理实验室、电气科学部英国国家物理实验室、电气科学部英国国家物理实验室、电气科学部访问学者

工作于液氦温度的InSb过热电子探测器是在亚毫米波和短毫米波段最有用的直接探测器之一。为改善该探测器的性能,以适应等离子体电子回旋辐射测量的要求,我们需要知道液氦温度下4～40cm-1波数范围InSb复光学常数,至今为止文献上还没报道... 详细信息

工作于液氦温度的InSb过热电子探测器是在亚毫米波和短毫米波段最有用的直接探测器之一。为改善该探测器的性能,以适应等离子体电子回旋辐射测量的要求,我们需要知道液氦温度下4～40cm-1波数范围InSb复光学常数,至今为止文献上还没报道过这些数据。InSb对上述频率范围电磁波的吸收是很强的。色散傅里叶光谱方法可能是测量这种材料光学系数最合适的方法。由于我们没有色散傅里叶光谱仪,因此采用了另一种方法。

关键词：透射谱厚度毫米波段傅里叶光谱仪 InSb

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Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ophiognomonia(Gnomoniaceae,Diaporthales),including twenty-five new species in this highly diverse genus

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第6期57卷 84-146页

作者： Donald m.Walker Lisa A.Castlebury Amy Y.Rossman Luis C.mejía James F.White Department of Natural Sciences The University of FindlayFindlayOH 45840USA Systematic mycology&microbiology Laboratory USDA Agricultural Research ServiceBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado0843-03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA

Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting endophytes,pathogens,and saprobes that infect plants in the families Betulaceae,Fagaceae,Juglandaceae,Lauraceae,malvaceae,Platanaceae,Rosaceae,Salicaceae,and Sapindaceae.Based on extensive collecting,this speciesrich genus is now known to have a world wide distribution in primarily temperate areas,although some species are known from the subtropics.Analyses of DNA sequences from three markers including guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein(mS204),translation elongation factor 1α(tef-1α),and the ITS region including ITS1,5.8 S rDNA and ITS2 regions(ITS)were used to define phylogenetic species in Ophiognomonia.Host plant association correlated with these species.Twenty-five new species of Ophiognomonia and two new combinations are proposed with descriptions and illustrations.In addition,descriptions and illustrations are provided for 12 other species of Ophiognomonia.A key is provided to the 45 currently accepted species of Ophiognomonia.The disposition of additional names in Ophiognomonia is also discussed.

关键词： birch foliar pathogen Butternut canker GCPSR Genealogical sorting index Host associations mS204 multilocus phylogeny Walnut anthracnose and leaf blotch

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Fungitoxicity of methyl Iodide, Sulfuryl Fluoride, and methyl Bromide to Ceratocystis fagacearum in Red Oak, maple, Poplar, birch and Pine Wood

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 268-275页

作者： Kayimbi m. Tubajika Alan V. Barak 不详

The threat of wood-inhabiting fungi to American hardwood forests, lumber industries, and tourism has enormous eco-nomic significance, and the aesthetic and dollar values of properties are potentially disastrous. The efficacy of methyl iodide (meI) and sulfuryl fluoride (SF) for eradicating wood-inhabiting fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum was assessed in wood blocks of birch, maple, poplar and red pine based on in-vitro experiments. In a series of replicated controlled experiments, wood blocks were inoculated with a 1g macerated mycelium/spores mixture of C. fagacearum and fumigated with 160 and 240 g/m3 of meI, SF and methyl bromide (meBr) as control) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Analysis of variance showed that fumigant types, fumigant concentrations, and exposure time as well as their interactions (C x T) had an effect on C. fagacearum recovery on tested wood species. Colonization of birch, maple, red pine, and poplar by C. fagacearum was significantly greater in non-fumigated samples than fumigated samples. C. fagacearum was greatly inhibited by meI than SF in all wood species tested. Overall, the C x T products of ≤ 4.108 g-h/m3 for meI and ≤ 8.755 g-h/m3 for SF were not effective in killing the fungus. These results suggest that longer treatment exposure time might achieve the goal of complete eradication of C. fagacearum and imply that meI performed as well as meBr in killing the fungus in some wood species by exposure time combination. Overall, meI was most effective in killing the fungus than SF under the conditions of this study with potential implications for quarantine use.

关键词： Disease Control Quarantine Treatment Fumigation Quercus Rubra

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AIPL1突变患者先天性Leber黑蒙表现型

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美国医学会眼科杂志（中文版） 2005年第2期17卷 119-120页

作者： Sharola Dharmaraj Ban P. Leroy melanie m. Sohocki Robert K. Koenekoop Isabelle Perrault Khalid Anwar Shagufta Khaliq R. Summathi Devi David G. birch Elaine De Pool Natalio Izquierdo Lionel Van maldergem mohammad Ismail Annette m. Payne Graham E. Holder Shomi S. Bhattacharya Alan C. Bird Josseline Kaplan Irene H. maumenee 刘欣怡（译）

目的：叙述26例先证者中芳香族羟基碳氢化合物受体蛋白样1蛋白质（AIPL1）突变的先天性Leber黑蒙（LCA）的表现型，并比较其他LCA相关性基因的表现型。叙述杂合子携带者的视网膜电图（ERG）。

关键词： Leber黑蒙表现型先天性突变患者碳氢化合物相关性基因视网膜电图受体蛋白蛋白质

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Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic mountain birch Forests 1

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丛书名： Ecological Studies

2005年

作者： m. m. Caldwell G. Heldmaier R. B. Jackson O. L. Lange H. A. mooney E. -D. Schulze U. Sommer Frans E. Wielgolaski P. Staffan Karlsson Seppo Neuvonen Dietbert Thannheiser

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Effect of mulching on Uptake of Copper and Nickel from Smelter-Polluted-Soil by Planted Tree Seedlings

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2013年第3期2卷 56-62页

作者： Eva Komanicka Helja-Sisko Helmisaari markus Hartman Tiina m.Nieminen Department of Geochemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia Finnish Forest Research Institute MetlaVantaaFinland Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Our aim was to determine the long-term effect of a mulching treatment on copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) uptake by tree seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) from smelter-polluted forest soil in southwesternFinland. A mulch cover spread onto polluted barren soil did not have a clear positive impact on the biomass production and it did not decrease metal uptake by planted tree seedlings during a ten-year study period. In contrast, the Cu uptake by the above-ground parts of birch was increased as a result of mulching, although there were weak indications of slightly reduced availability of Cu and Ni to roots in the case of both species. As Cu and Ni concentrations of foliage and bark have been shown to be strongly affected by surface deposited metal containing aerosols, only the woody compartments were used as indicators of metal uptake from soil. The Cu:Ni ratios of woody compartments were lower than those predicted by the Cu:Ni ratios of soil suggesting that the soil extraction method used gives an underestimation of available Ni in relation to Cu. The lower soil Niexch concentrations on the mulched plots compared to the controls were in agreement with the slightly lower root Ni concentrations in the mulch treatments.

关键词： Bioavailability Biocompost birch Forest Soil Pine Restoration Wood Chips

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Natural Regeneration on Planted Clearcuts—The Easy Way to mixed Forest?

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Open Journal of Forestry 2016年第4期6卷 281-294页

作者： Emma Holmström Per magnus Ekö Karin Hjelm matts Karlsson Urban Nilsson Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Science Alnarp Sweden Skogforsk Sval&oumlv Sweden

Establishing mixed stands by stimulating natural in combination with planting could potentially ensure adequate stocking and meet shifting demands for forest products. Two long-term experiments were separately established in former Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) stands in southern Sweden to be able to evaluate mixed forest establishment and management. The treatment plots were treated with different intensity of soil scarification (disc trenching, soil inversion and control) to test effects of soil disturbance on regeneration success. Five years later, both experiments were used for a first evaluation, where seedlings of all naturally regenerated tree species were counted together with estimates of the cover and height of other vegetation. This was made in sample plots in symmetric grids. Testing the effects of scarification and distance to seed source on natural regeneration of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and downy birch (B. pubescens Ehrh.) showed that both scarification type and degree of soil disturbance significantly affected seedling counts but only if seed sources were close. In conclusion, conventional management practices for regenerating coniferous forest may be suitable for establishing mixed forest stands with combinations of planted and naturally regenerated seedlings.

关键词： Betula birch Soil Scarification Seed Dispersal

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人工模拟降水条件下旱作农田土壤“birch效应”及其响应机制

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生态学报 2016年第2期36卷 306-317页

作者：陈荣荣刘全全王俊刘文兆 Upendra m. Sainju 西北大学城市与环境学院西安710127 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所杨凌712100 USDA-ARS Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory Sidney MT 59270 USA

降水事件引起干土复湿刺激土壤CO_2,脉冲释放的现象被称为"birch效应",其作用机制可能是降水刺激土壤"底物供给"增加或引起土壤"微生物胁迫"所致。为深入了解土壤"birch效应"对降水格局改变的响应过程及内在机制,在冬小麦拔节期和夏闲... 详细信息

降水事件引起干土复湿刺激土壤CO_2,脉冲释放的现象被称为"birch效应",其作用机制可能是降水刺激土壤"底物供给"增加或引起土壤"微生物胁迫"所致。为深入了解土壤"birch效应"对降水格局改变的响应过程及内在机制,在冬小麦拔节期和夏闲期分别进行了不同降水量(1-32 mm)人工模拟降水实验,系统观测了降水后0-72 h土壤呼吸及土壤碳组分变化特征,结果表明:土壤呼吸随降水量的增大而增强,1-16 mm降水土壤呼吸峰值出现在降水后4h,而32 mm降水土壤呼吸峰值出现时间滞后了4 h。与较小降水量相比,较大的降水量能增加土壤呼吸但会推迟土壤呼吸峰值出现时间。土壤呼吸速率峰值(SRP)与降水量(P)呈幂相关(拔节期:SR-P=0.97P^(0.09),R^2=0.5,Pbirch效应"是由"微生物胁迫"所致。而在夏闲期,当降水量小于8 mm时土壤呼吸与微生物量碳相关性显著,即以微生物胁迫机制占主导;8 mm降水处理下土壤呼吸与氯仿熏蒸-K_2SO_4提取态有机碳相关性达到极显著水平,指示则为两种机制共同起作用,而当降水量大于16 mm时,土壤呼吸主要与可提取态有机碳显著相关,"birch"效应转为以底物供给机制占主导。与夏闲期相比,冬小麦拔节期作物生长会削弱"birch效应",并改变其响应机制。

关键词：模拟降水土壤呼吸 birch效应底物供给微生物胁迫

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西班牙西北部San Isidro和Leitariegos地区全新世孢粉学的比较研究(英文)

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古生物学报 2003年第1期42卷 111-117页

作者： m.A.FOmBELLA BLANCO E.GARCIA-ROVES FERNADEZ E.PUENTE GARCIA 里昂大学生物系西班牙里昂24071

文中报道了西班牙西北部San Isidro和Leitariegos地区两口钻井全新世孢粉学比较研究的结果。孢粉分析结果显示了两地孢粉组合成分上的不同。根据从San Isidro地区泥炭沼泽获得的孢粉组合中乔木和灌木花粉百分含量变化,建立了两个组合带... 详细信息

文中报道了西班牙西北部San Isidro和Leitariegos地区两口钻井全新世孢粉学比较研究的结果。孢粉分析结果显示了两地孢粉组合成分上的不同。根据从San Isidro地区泥炭沼泽获得的孢粉组合中乔木和灌木花粉百分含量变化,建立了两个组合带。孢粉植物群代表了一个松属占统治地位的森林,桦属、栎属、榛属等花粉含量变化序列可能和气温升高,降雨量增加有关。根据乔木花粉相对丰度变化,Leitariegos地区钻井剖面建立了3个孢粉组合。桦本属花粉含量增加说明是桦树林,栎属和榛属花粉居次要地位,松属花粉含量下降。文中还总结了两个孢粉序列所反映的人类活动、植被演替以及地形景观改变等之间的关系。两地钻井剖面底部碳同位素年代测定表明二者的底部并不同时。

关键词：西班牙全新世孢粉组合植被史 Leitariegos地区 SanIsidro地区

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