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Distribution,Etiology,molecular Genetics and management Perspectives of Northern Corn Leaf Blight of maize(Zea mays L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第10期91卷 2111-2133页

作者： m.ashraf ahangar Shabir Hussain Wani Zahoor A.Dar Jan Roohi Fayaz mohiddin monika Bansal mukesh Choudhary Sumit K.Aggarwal S.A.Waza Khursheed Ahmad Dar Ayman El Sabagh Celaleddin Barutcular Omer Konuşkan mohammad Anwar Hossain mountain Research Centre for Field Crops Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirJammu&Kashmir192124India Dry Land Agriculture Research Station Rangreth Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirJammu&Kashmir191132India School of Agricultural Biotechnology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana141001India Indian Institute of maize Research PAU CampusLudhiana141001India College of Temperate Sericulture Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirJammu&Kashmir191132India Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-Sheikh33516Egypt Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureUniversity ofÇukurovaAdana01330Turkey Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureHatay Mustafa Kemal UniversityHatay31060Turkey Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh

maize is cultivated extensively throughout the world and has the highest production among ***,Northern corn leaf blight(NCLB)disease caused by Exherohilum turcicum,is the most devastating limiting factor of maize *** disease causes immense losses to corn yield if it develops prior or during the tasseling and silking stages of crop *** has a worldwide distribution and its development is favoured by cool to moderate temperatures with high relative *** prevalence of the disease has increased in recent years and new races of the pathogen have been reported *** fungus *** is highly variable in *** different management strategies have proved effective to reduce economic losses from NCLB,the development of varieties with resistance to *** is the most efficient and inexpensive way for disease manage*** resistance for NCLB governed by Ht genes is a race-specific resistance which leads to a higher level of ***,some Ht genes can easily become ineffective under the high pressure of virulent strains of the ***,it is imperative to understand and examine the consistency of the genomic locations of quantitative trait loci for resistance to NCLB in diverse maize *** breeding approaches for pyramiding resistant genes against *** in maize can impart NCLB resistance under high disease pressure ***,the genome editing approaches like CRISPR-cas9 and RNAi can also prove vital for developing NCLB resistant maize *** such this review delivers emphasis on the importance and current status of the disease,racial spectrum of the pathogen,genetic nature and breeding approaches for resistance and management strategies of the disease in a sustainable manner.

关键词： Northern corn leaf blight etiology Exherohilum turcicum pathogenic variability disease resistance management strategies

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mHD stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid towards a heated surface

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2011年第1期32卷 45-54页

作者： m.ashraf m.m.ashraf Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya University

The problem of two dimensional stagnation point flow of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid impinging normally on a heated surface in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field is analyzed. The governing continuity, momentum, angular momentum, and heat equations together with the associated boundary conditions are reduced to dimensionless form using suitable similarity transformations. The reduced self similar non-linear equations are then solved numerically by an algorithm based on the finite difference discretization. The results are further refined by Richardson＇s extrapolation. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the micropolar parameters, and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature fields are predicted in tabular and graphical forms to show the important features of the solution. The study shows that the velocity and thermal boundary layers become thinner as the magnetic parameter is increased. The micropolar fluids display more reduction in shear stress as well as heat transfer rate than that exhibited by Newtonian fluids, which is beneficial in the flow and thermal control of polymeric processing.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamics (mHD) stagnation flow micropolar fluids finitedifferences similarity transformations boundary layer

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Computational study of combined effects of conduction-radiation and hydromagnetics on natural convection flow past magnetized permeable plate

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第6期33卷 731-748页

作者： m.ashraf S.ASGHAR m.A.HOSSAIN Department of mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of mathematics King Abdulaziz University Department of mathematics University of Dhaka

The computational study of the combined effects of radiation and hydro- magnetics on the natural convection flow of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid past a magnetized permeable vertical plate is presented. The governing non-similar equations are numerically solved by using a finite difference method for all values of the suction parameter and the asymptotic solution for small and large values of ~. The effects of varying the Prandtl number Pr, the magnetic Prandtl number Prm, the magnetic force parameter S, the radiation parameter Rd, and the surface temperature Ow on the coefficients of the skin friction, the rate of heat transfer, and the current density are shown graphically and in tables. An attempt is made to examine the effects of the above mentioned physical parameters on the velocity profile, the temperature distribution, and the transverse component of the magnetic field.

关键词： hydromagnetic fluctuating natural convection magnetized plate currentdensity heat transfer

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Ion-induced kinetic electron emission from ~6LiF,~7LiF and mgF_2 thin films

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第8期19卷 344-349页

作者： S.Ullah A.H.Dogar m.ashraf A.Qayyum Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences NiloreIslamabadPakistan Physics Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and TechnologyP.O.NiloreIslamabadPakistan Optics Laboratories P.O.Box 1021IslamabadPakistan

Secondary electron yields for Ar^＋ impact on 6LiF, 7LiF and mgF2 thin films grown on aluminum substrates are measured each as a function of target temperature and projectile energy. Remarkably different behaviours of the electron yields for LiF and mgF2 films are observed in a temperature range from 25 ℃ to 300 ℃. The electron yield of LiF is found to sharply increase with target temperature and to be saturated at about 175 ℃. But the target temperature has no effect on the electron yield of mgF2. It is also found that for the ion energies greater than 4 keV, the electron yield of 6LiF is consistently high as compared with that of 7LiF that may be due to the enhanced contribution of recoiling 6Li atoms to the secondary electron generation. A comparison between the electron yields of mgF2 and LiF reveales that above a certain ion energy the electron yield of mgF2 is considerably low as compared with that of LiF. We suggest that the short inelastic mean free path of electrons in mgF2 can be one of the reasons for its low electron yield.

关键词： ion-induced electron emission alkali halides electronic stopping electron mean free path

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Wheat-Exuded Organic Acids Influence Zinc Release from Calcareous Soils

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 657-665页

作者： m.A.mAQSOOD S.HUSSAIN T.AZIZ m.ashraf Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Department of Soil Science University of Sargodha

Rhizosphere drives plant uptake of sparingly soluble soil zinc(Zn).An investigation with three experiments was conducted to study organic acid exudation by two contrasting wheat genotypes(Sehar-06 and Vatan),Zn fractions in 10 different calcareous soils from Punjab,Pakistan,and release of different soil Zn fractions by organic *** two genotypes differed significantly in biomass production and Zn accumulation under deficient and optimum Zn levels in nutrient *** a deficient Zn level,Sehar-06 released more maleic acid in the rhizosphere than *** soils used in the present study had very different physicochemical properties;their total Zn and Zn distribution among different fractions varied *** release behaviour was determined by extracting the soils with 0.005 mol L-1 citric acid or maleic *** parabolic diffusion model best described Zn release as a function of *** diffusion model fitting indicated more maleic acid-driven than citric acid-driven soil Zn mobility from different *** Zn release in six consecutive extractions during 24 h ranged from 1.85 to 13.58 mg kg-1 using maleic acid and from 0.37 to 11.84 mg kg-1 using citric *** the selected calcareous soils,the results of stepwise linear regression indicated significant release of Fe-mn oxide-bounded soil Zn by maleic acid and its availability to the Zn-effcient ***,release of maleic acid by plants roots played an important role in phytoavailability of Zn from calcareous soils.

关键词： citric acid maleic acid phytoavailability plant uptake rhizosphere

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A Study of Suspended Particulate matter in Lahore (Pakistan)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1990年第2期7卷 178-185页

作者： K.Hussain Ruby Riffat A.Shaukat m.ashraf Siddiqui Centre for Solid State Physics University of the PunjabNew campus Lahore 54590 (Pakistan)Department of Physics University of the PunjabNew Campus Lahore 54590 (Pakistan)Department of Physics University of the PunjabNew Campus Lahore 54590 (Pakistan)Institute of Geology University of the Punjab.New Campus Lahore 54590 (Pakistan).

The results obtained from an investigation of suspended particulate matter in the metropolitan city of Lahore (Pakistan) are reported and analysed in this paper. X-ray diffraction studies of the airborne matter collected from various urban and suburban sites show that non-clay minerals such as quartz, calcite and albite are contained in most of the samples in almost comparable amounts. Chemical analysis of some samples was carried out for complementing the x-ray diffraction data. The amount of quartz in the samples of dusty areas was found to be an order of magnitude more than in the samples of relatively cleaner areas. As the dust particles of these compounds are poor substrate for promoting nucleation of ice in the atmospheric clouds, they are liable to stay steadily in the atmosphere as pollutants.A comparison of the results of the airborne particulates and the soil samples collected from various sites show that the sources of quartz, calcite and albite in the airborne matter are both local and remote.

关键词： A Study of Suspended Particulate matter in Lahore Pakistan

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Effect of surface nanocrystallization and PPEC time on complex nanocrystalline hard layer fabricated by plasma electrolysis

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Transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2010年第3期20卷 425-431页

作者： m.ALIOFKHAZRAEI SH.ahangar ANI A.SABOUR ROUHAGHDAm Department of materials Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTarbiat Modares University Department of Advanced materials and Renewable Energies Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology(IROST)

Size distribution of nano-carbides produced by duplex treatments of surface nanocrystallization(by surface severe plastic deformation) and plasma electrolytic carburizing on CP-Ti was *** and kurtosis of Gussian shape distribution curves were studied and the effect of time was *** usage of longer time is more suitable for achieving less size of complex *** roughness of treated samples was *** is observed that there is an optimum level for time on surface roughness increasing(difference between two measured data).

关键词： surface nanocrystallization hard layer roughness CP-Ti

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Production of carbide-free thin ductile iron castings

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2008年第5期15卷 552-555页

作者： m. ashraf Sheikh Department of Industrial and manufacturing Engineering Rachna College of Engineering and Technology

The fast cooling rate of thin ductile iron castings requires special consideration to produce carbide-free castings. Extraordinary care was taken to select the charge to produce castings of 100-mm long round bars with 16-mm diameter. The castings show the presence of carbides in the bars. Seven melts were made with different temperatures and with different compositions to get rid of carbides. After chemical analyses,it was found that the extra purity of the charge with less than 0.008wt% sulfur in the castings was the cause of carbides. To remove the carbides from the castings,sulfur should be added to the charge.

关键词： casting ductile iron carbides fluidity

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Structural behavior of intermediate length cold-formed steel rack columns with C-stitches

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第4期13卷 937-949页

作者： m. ANBARASU mahmud ashraf Department of Civil Engineering Government College of Engineering Salem 636011 India School of Engineering Deakin University Geelong VIC 3216 Australia

This article presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the strength and performance of intermediate length rack column sections with C-stitches under axial compression. The test program consisted of 10 axial concentric compression tests on columns with and without C-stitches under pin end conditions for two different geometric lengths. Finite element (FE) models were developed using commercial FE package ABAQUS considering material and geometric nonlinearities as well as initial geometric imperfections. The elastic buckling properties of the section were calculated using readily available linear elastic buckling analysis tools based on Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) and Finite Strip method (FSm). Obtained FE results were compared with those obtained experimentally, and once verified the developed FE modeling technique was used to carry out a parametric study to examine changes in structural response due to variations in length, depth and spacing of C-stitches. Observed influences of C-stitches on the behavior and resistance of the considered columns were carefully analyzed, and key design aspects are presented herein.

关键词： cold-formed steel columns C-stitches intermediate length columns distortional buckling

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Amelioration of Salt Stress in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) by Supplying Potassium and Silicon in Hydroponics

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Pedosphere 2010年第2期20卷 153-162页

作者： m.ashraf RAHmATULLAH R.AHmAD A.S.BHATTI m.AFZAL A.SARWAR m.A.mAQSOOD S.KANWAL University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Department of Crop Physiology University of Agriculture Sugarcane Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of potassium (K) and silicon (Si) in mitigating the deleterious effects of NaCl on sugarcane genotypes differing in salt *** salt-sensitive (CPF 243 and SPF 213) and two salt-tolerant (HSF 240 and CP 77-400) sugarcane genotypes were grown for six weeks in 1/2 strength Johnson's nutrient *** nutrient solution was salinized by two NaCl levels (0 and 100 mmol L 1 NaCl) and supplied with two levels of K (0 and 3 mmol L 1) and Si (0 and 2 mmol L 1).Applied NaCl enhanced Na + concentration in plant tissues and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced shoot and root dry matter in four sugarcane ***,the magnitude of reduction was much greater in salt-sensitive genotypes than salt-tolerant *** salts interfered with the absorption of K + and Ca 2+ and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased their uptake in sugarcane *** of K and Si either alone or in combination significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited the uptake and transport of Na + from roots to shoots and improved dry matter yields under NaCl *** uptake,K + /Na + ratios,and Ca 2+ and Si uptake were also significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by the addition of K and/or Si to the root *** this study,K and Si-enhanced salt tolerance in sugarcane genotypes was ascribed to decreased Na + concentration and increased K + with a resultant improvement in K + /Na + ratio,which is a good indicator to assess plant tolerance to salt ***,further verification of these results is warranted under field conditions.

关键词： calcium silicate dry matter genotypes potassium nitrate uptake

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