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Effects of different planes of milk feeding and milk total solids concentration on growth,ruminal fermentation,health,and behavior of late weaned dairy calves during summer

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1582-1597页

作者： R.Shiasi Sardoabi m.alikhani F.Hashemzadeh m.Khorvash m.mirzaei J.K.Drackley Department of Animal Science College of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology84156-83111 IsfahanIran Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesArak University38156-88349 ArakIran Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA

Background:In recent years,there has been an increasing interest in using high quantities of milk or milk replacer(mR)in heat-stressed calves to alleviate the negative effects of high environmental temperatures on their ***,observations have indicated a decline in growth performance in the weaning and postweaning period,which might be optimized with increasing total solids(TS)in milk and weaning *** study aims to optimize the effects of higher quantities of milk on late weaned calves'performance by increasing TS concentration or delivery route in summer ***:Forty-eight newborn Holstein calves were used in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with the factors of preweaning total plane of milk(Pm)intake(low ***)and milk TS content(12%vs.17%).The treatments were(1)low Pm(LPm)intake with 12%TS(TS intake=45.9 kg),(2)LPm intake with 17%TS(TS intake=65.1 kg),(3)high Pm(HPm)intake with 12%TS(TS intake=63.7 kg);and(4)HPm intake with 17%TS(TS intake=90.3 kg).Calves were weaned at d 83,and the study was terminated at d 103 of *** data(every 10 day),skeletal growth(d 80 and 100),ruminal fermentation parameters(d 48 and 91),and behavioral measurements(d 69,70,93 and 94)were analyzed as repeated measurements with PROC mIXED of SAS 9.4(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC).Results:Calves receiving HPm consumed less PmR from d 44 to 83 of age,but they had higher ADG from d 24 to 53 of age compared to those fed LPm(Pm×age,Pmilk with 17%TS had lower PmR intake from d 14 to 83 of age,but greater ADG from d 34 to 53 compared to those receiving milk with 12%TS(TS×age,Pm had greater skeletal growth parameters compared to LPmfed calves,with a similar effect evident for calves fed milk with 17%TS compared with those fed milk with 12%*** receiving milk with 17%TS had greater fecal scores and diarrhea occurrence than those fed milk with 12%TS in HPm,but not ***:Increasing Pm

关键词： Dairy calf milk feeding level Pre-weaning Total solids

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Effect of mg and Si on intermetallic formation and fracture behavior of pure aluminum-galvanized carbon-steel joints made by weld-brazing

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Journal of Central South University 2021年第11期28卷 3626-3638页

作者： A.alikhani R.BEYGI m.ZAREZADEH mEHRIZI F.NEmATZADEH I.GALVÃO Department of materials Engineering and metallurgy Faculty of EngineeringArak UniversityArak 38156-8-8349Iran Universidade de Coimbra CEMMPREDepartamento de Engenharia MecanicaRua Luís Reis Santos3030-788 CoimbraPortugal ISEL Department of Mechanical EngineeringPolytechnic Institute of LisbonRua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 11959-007 LisboaPortugal

Commercial pure aluminum and galvanized carbon steel were lap-welded using the weld-brazing(WB)*** types of aluminum filler materials(4043,4047,and 5356) were used for *** joint strength and intermetallic compounds at the interface of three series of samples were analyzed and *** on the Si content,a variety of ternary Al-Fe-Si intermetallic compounds(ImCs) such as Fe_(4)(Al,Si)_(13),Fe_(2) Al_(8) Si(τ_(5)),and Fe_(2) Al_(9) Si_(2)(τ_(6)) were formed at the *** element in 5356 filler material cannot contribute to the formation of Al-Fe intermetallic phases due to the positive mixing enthalpy of *** presence of mg enhances the hot cracking phenomenon near the Al-Fe intermetallic compound at the *** coating does not participate in intermetallic formation due to its evaporation during *** was concluded that the softening of the base metal in the heat-affected zone rather than the ImCs determines the joint efficiency.

关键词： weld-brazing Al-steel ternary Al-Fe intermetallic joint efficiency hot cracking

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