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Using Landsat images to monitor changes in the snow-covered area of selected glaciers in northern Pakistan

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Journal of mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 2013-2027页

作者： Chaman GUL KANG Shi-chang badar GHAURI mateeul HAQ Sher mUHAmmAD Shaukat ALI State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Space Technology (IST) Karachi Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) Karachi Pakistan Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC) Ministry of Climate Change Islamabad Pakistan

Landsat satellite images were used to map and monitor the snow-covered areas of four glaciers with different aspects(Passu: 36.473°N, 74.766°E;momhil: 36.394°N, 75.085°E; Trivor: 36.249°N,74.968°E; and Kunyang: 36.083°N, 75.288°E) in the upper Indus basin, northern Pakistan, from 1990-2014. The snow-covered areas of the selected glaciers were identified and classified using supervised and rule-based image analysis techniques in three different seasons. Accuracy assessment of the classified images indicated that the supervised classification technique performed slightly better than the rule-based technique. Snow-covered areas on the selected glaciers were generally reduced during the study period but at different rates. Glaciers reached maximum areal snow coverage in winter and premonsoon seasons and minimum areal snow coverage in monsoon seasons, with the lowest snow-covered area occurring in August and September. The snowcovered area on Passu glacier decreased by 24.50%,3.15% and 11.25% in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Similarly, the other three glaciers showed notable decreases in snow-covered area during the pre-and post-monsoon seasons; however, no clear changes were observed during monsoon seasons. During pre-monsoon seasons, the eastward-facing glacier lost comparatively more snow-covered area than the westward-facing glacier. The average seasonal glacier surface temperature calculated from the Landsat thermal band showed negative correlations of-0.67,-0.89,-0.75 and-0.77 with the average seasonal snowcovered areas of the Passu, momhil, Trivor and Kunyang glaciers, respectively, during pre-monsoon seasons. Similarly, the air temperature collected from a nearby meteorological station showed an increasing trend, indicating that the snow-covered area reduction in the region was largely due to climate warming.

关键词： Snow-covered area Glacier Global warming Classification technique Northern Pakistan

Impact of Zika virus non-structural protein mutations on hippocampal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa m.G.Cassiano Roney S.Coimbra Neurogenômica/Imunopatologia Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKV),a member of the Flaviviridae family,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurological effects,notably microcephaly in newborns,first reported during the 2015 epidemic in ***,its impact goes beyond fetal and neonatal abnormalities,also affecting the central nervous system(CNS)in both children and adults,leading to enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments.

关键词： damage fetal neonatal

The future of global trade in the presence of the Sino-US trade war

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Economic and Political Studies 2019年第2期7卷 217-231页

作者： badar Alam Iqbal Nida Rahman Jonathan Elimimian Faculty of Economics and Finance Monarch UniversityZugSwitzerland Department of Economics Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarhIndia School of Business Talladega CollegeTalladegaAlabama 35160USA

The looming of a vindictive spirit owing to dishevelled trade relations amidst China and the US seems to be *** has it been so apparent than *** US has had itself as the largest economy on the world stage and China’s attempt at shuffling this incumbency has led the US to open a tariff fire on Chinese *** tariff brawl appears to be not settling anytime soon as the retaliatory measures are swelling *** the two largest economies of the world,giving in for disengaging trade with each other is bound to have a ripple effect on the global system of *** the detesting to barrier-free trade on the part of the US and China are certain to inflict pain upon both countries,it might come as a benefit for other *** research explores the movement in global trade springing out of the Sino-US trade war.

关键词： Sino-US trade war global trade China

Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola m.Johannessen Tor I.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). This was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. In general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the remainder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic minimum ice Climate

Determinants of China’s outward foreign direct investment in Asia:a panel data analysis

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Economic and Political Studies 2019年第1期7卷 66-86页

作者： badar Alam Iqbal Shaista Sami Abdul Turay School of Economics and Finance Monarch UniversityZugSwitzerland Shyam Lal College Department of CommerceUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia College of Business and Computational Sciences Kentucky State UniversityFrankfortUSA

This paper is an attempt to examine the trends and significant determinants of China’s outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)in *** order to find out the important determinants of China’s OFDI in Asia,this study applies the panel data regression *** time period from 2006 to 2015 is taken into *** analysis has been done based on three data sets:the first includes 27 Asian countries/regions which attract Chinese *** Chinese Hong Kong is excluded from the sample,the second data set consists of 26 countries the same as those in data set *** third data set comprises China’s top 12 destination countries of OFDI in *** findings show that China’s OFDI has risen rapidly and secured the second rank globally,only behind the United States and surpassing *** the first time,the flow of Chinese OFDI exceeded the level of inward foreign direct investment(IFDI),and Asia attracted a 74.4%share out of China’s total OFDI in *** results reveal that inflation rate,export,import,corruption,infrastructure and geographic distance are the significant determinants of China’s investment in *** paper provides new evidence on the determinants of China’s OFDI in *** using currently available data of 27 Asian host countries,this paper offers a new insight into significant determinants of China’s OFDI in the region.

关键词： Outward foreign direct investment(OFDI) China Asia financial development inflation rate infrastructure corruption

Evaluation of the viability of nanoparticles in drilling fluids as additive for fluid loss and wellbore stability

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Petroleum 2023年第3期9卷 342-351页

作者： Albertus Retnanto Rommel Yrac Abdullah Shaat Adhika Retnanto Laith Abughaush maha Al Sulaiti Najla badar Texas A&m University at Qatar Qatar Georgia Institute of Technology USA

Wellbore instability is an issue that,if left untreated,can cause wells to collapse,resulting in human,environmental,equipment,and revenue *** fluids have been used to enhance the drilling process by lubricating and cooling the drill bit,eliminating cuttings,and most importantly,by improving the stability of the well by preventing fluid ***,there has been an increase in operational demands and challenges that call for drilling fluids to be more effective,economical,sustainable,and environmentally *** shales that have infinitesimally small pores,nanoparticle additives in drilling fluids can be crucial in providing the properties that are necessary to prevent fluid loss and provide wellbore stability while meeting the operational demands of the present ***,this paper examines the use of nanoparticle additives including copper(Ⅱ)oxide(CuO),magnesium oxide(mgO),and aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3))where they are tested under three conditions using the permeable plugging tester(PPT),high-temperature high-pressure(HTHP)fluid loss apparatus,and API low-temperature e low-pressure(LTLP)fluid loss apparatus under concentrations of 0.03%and 0.10%.Finally,based on the results,each nanoparticle sample(particle sizes between one and 100 nm)performed well in contributing to the aim of this *** is the most effective inhibitor across all concentrations and under the three different *** contributed to reducing the fluid loss from 37.6 mL to 18.2 and 13.2 mL,which is between 52%and 65%of fluid *** mgO,it contributed to fluid loss reduction to 23.8 mL and 15 mL,which translated to 37%e60%of fluid loss *** use of Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles resulted in a fluid loss reduction to 33.6 mL and 17.8 mL,reducing the fluid loss up to 11%,at HTHP and up to 53%at *** CuO and mgO,Al_(2)O_(3) was less effective under HTHP conditions when compared to LTLP ***_(2)O_(3) did not suffer as a significant diminishing

关键词： Nanoparticles Drilling fluids Additives Fluid loss High-temperature and high-pressure

Insights from an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An m.Voets Tim Vanmierlo Rudy Schreiber BIOmED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University mS Center(UmSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences

Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian N.Levasseur Kimberly m.Alonge Department of medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECm),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECm indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

Transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： m.NAVEED m.ImRAN T.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS Department of mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

This paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. The influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. To depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAm).The effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

关键词： Peclet number