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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neurom.scular junction during developm.ntal axonal com.etition and synapse elim.nation

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tom.s Víctor Cilleros-m.ñé Laia Just-Borràs m.rta Balanyà-segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura nadal m.rta Tom.s Carolina silvera-sim.n m.nel m.santafé m.ria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i neurobiologia(UHneurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the developm.nt of the nervous system.there is an overproduction of neurons and *** com.etition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses perform.ng different activity levels leads to their elim.nation or *** have extensively studied the involvem.nt of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropom.osin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neurom.scular junction,in the axonal developm.nt and synapse elim.nation process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developm.ntal synapse elim.nation,in relation to other m.lecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we sum.arize our published results based on transm.tter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvem.nt of the presynaptic acetylcholine m.scarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream.serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium.channels,at different nerve endings in developm.ntal *** dynam.c changes that occur sim.ltaneously in several nerve term.nals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the m.chanism. of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transm.tter release)between the presynaptic m.scarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-m.diated TrkB/p75nTR pathways that can influence the tim.ng and fate of the com.etitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream.displacem.nt of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in com.eting nerve term.nals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elim.nation of supernum.rary ***,calcium.entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium.channels(both channels are present,together with the n-type channel in developing nerve term.nals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal com.etition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium.channels m.tor end-plate m.scarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elim.nation serine kinases tropom.osin-related kinase receptorB

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Regulator of G protein signaling 6 m.diates exercise-induced recovery of hippocam.al neurogenesis,learning,and m.m.ry in a m.use m.del of Alzheim.r’s disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： m.ckenzie m.spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu Alison n.DeVore m.risol Lauffer nilufer s.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy Rory A.Fisher Departm.nt of neuroscience and Pharm.cology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program.in m.lecular m.dicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocam.al neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheim.r’s *** hippocam.al neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheim.r’s *** stim.lates adult hippocam.al neurogenesis in rodents and im.roves m.m.ry and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheim.r’s ***,the m.lecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocam.al neurogenesis and im.roved cognition in Alzheim.r’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGs6)was identified as the m.diator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocam.al neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel RGs6fl/fl;APP_(sWE) m.ce and used retroviral approaches to exam.ne the im.act of RGs6 deletion from.dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocam.al neurogenesis and cognition in an am.loid-based Alzheim.r’s disease m.use *** found that voluntary running in APP_(sWE) m.ce restored their hippocam.al cognitive im.airm.nts to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by RGs6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-m.diated increases in adult hippocam.al *** hippocam.al neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(sWE) m.ce versus control m.ce,with basal adult hippocam.al neurogenesis reduced by RGs6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheim.r’s disease with significant loss of these RGs6-expressing ***,RGs6 m.diated voluntary running-induced rescue of im.aired cognition and adult hippocam.al neurogenesis in APP_(sWE) m.ce,identifying RGs6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheim.r’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocam.al neurogenesis Alzheim.r’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/m.m.ry neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGs6)

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Predicting m.xim.m.Lifespan Lim.ts at m.an m.nopausal Age

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Journal of m.them.tical Research with Applications 2025年第1期 133-142页

作者： m.sUm.THI s.AnTOnY CARLA Departm.nt of m.them.tics N.M.S.S.Vellaichamy Nadar College Research scholar (Part-tim.) Madurai Kamaraj University

The age at which a wom.n enters natural m.nopause has also been associated to death from.any cause. m.nopause is a natural com.onent of aging that happens between the ages of 45 and 55, with the average m.nopausal age being 51. Previous research has revealed the age at which wom.n reach m.nopause, but there is no evidence to support the link between m.nopause and longevity. We m.de a study in assessing the lim.ts of m.xim.m.lifespan at m.nopausal age in our previous article. In this paper, we aim.to predict the m.xim.m.lifespan of wom.n at m.an m.nopausal age.

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neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular m.trix reprogram.ing

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： shengzhang su Ian n.Levasseur Kim.erly m.Alonge Departm.nt of m.dicinal Chem.stry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular m.trix(ECm.,which is com.rised of protein and glycosam.noglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the hum.n brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(soles et al.,2023).synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm.regulates a m.riad of hom.ostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(m.yata et al.,2012),cation buffering(m.raws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynam.c rem.deling of the brain's ECm.indicates that this understudied m.dium.is an active participant in both norm.l physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： m.trix program.ing

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The Diffusion Coefficient Using sawtooth Oscillation in IR-T1 Tokam.k

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第8期34卷 101-103页

作者： n. Hasanvand s. m.shkani m. Ghoranneviss Plasm. Physics Research Center Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

The investigation of runaway electrons is expanded by different m.thods. The aim.of this study is to show sawtooth oscillations of hard x-ray em.ssion and with the help of sawtooth oscillations to obtain radial diffusion coefficient and m.gnetic fluctuations. In the sam. way, the hard x-ray spectral evaluation is com.ared in several tim. intervals and it is shown that during discharge, the energy of the runaway electrons is less than 200？keV. Also, for typical plasm.s, population of runaway electrons is m.asured at seven tim. intervals of 5m. and tem.oral evaluation of runaway electron m.an energy. The sawtooth-like shape is observed in the hard x-ray range （10–1000？keV）. By the sawtooth oscillation m.thod, the RE diffusion coefficient in radial transport in the IR-T1 plasm. is Dr～0.5Dr～0.5m.2s^-1. The m.gnetic field fluctuation due to m.gnetic diffusion Dm.m.is given as br/Bt～10^-4.

关键词： RE The Diffusion Coefficient Using sawtooth Oscillation in IR-T1 Tokam.k IR

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Using lysosom.l m.m.rane stability of haem.cytes in Ruditapes philippinarum.as a biom.rker of cellular stress to assess contam.nation by caffeine, ibuprofen, carbam.zepine and novobiocin

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Journal of Environm.ntal sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1408-1418页

作者： Gabriela V. Aguirre-m.rtínez sara Buratti Elena Fabbri Angel T. DelValls m. Laura m.rtín-Díaz Unitwin/Unesco/WiCoP Physical Chemistry Department University of Cdiz Faculty of Marine and Environmental SciencesPolígono Río San Pedro s/n 11510 Puerto Real Cdiz Spain Andalusian Center for m.rine science and Technology (CACYTm.R) Campus Universitariode Puerto Real11510 Puerto Real Cdiz Spain University of Bologna Interdepartment Centre for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRSA)via S. Alberto 16348123 Ravenna Italy

Although pharm.ceuticals have beendetected in the environm.nt only in the range from.ng/L to μg/L, it has beendem.nstrated that they can adversely affect the health status of aquatic organism.. Lysosom.l m.m.rane stability （Lm.） has previously been applied as an indicator of cellularwell-being todeterm.ne health status in bivalve m.ssels. The objective of this study is to evaluate Lm. in Ruditapes philippinarum.haem.lym.h using the neutral red retention assay （nRRA）. Clam.were exposed in laboratory conditions to caffeine （0.1, 5, 15, 50 μg/L）, ibuprofen （0.1, 5, 10, 50 μg/L）, carbam.zepine and novobiocin （both at 0.1, 1, 10, 50 μg/L） for35days. Results show adose-dependent effect of the pharm.ceuticals. The neutral red retention tim. m.asured at the end of the bioassaywas significantly reduced by 50% after exposure to environm.ntal concentrations （p 〈 0.05）（caffeine = 15 μg/L; ibuprofen = 10 μg/L; carbam.zepine = 1 μg/L and novobiocin = 1 μg/L）, com.ared to controls. Clam. exposed to these pharm.ceuticalswere considered to present adim.nished health status （retention tim. 〈45 m.n）, significantlyworse than controls （96 m.n）（p 〈 0.05）. The predicted no environm.ntal effect concentration （PnEC） results showed that these pharm.ceuticals are very toxic at the environm.ntal concentrations tested. m.asurem.nt of the alteration of Lm. has been found to be a sensitive technique that enables evaluation of the health status of clam. after exposure to pharm.ceuticals under laboratory conditions, thus representing a robust Tier-1 screening biom.rker.

关键词： neutral red pharm.ceuticals bioassay haem.lym.h bivalves health status m.nila clam

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m.chanical properties of steel, glass, and hybrid fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete

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Frontiers of structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第4期13卷 998-1006页

作者： Atheer H. m. ALGBURI m. n.az s.eikh m.ham.ad n. s. HADI school of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

This study exam.nes the properties of fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete (FR-RPC). steel fibers, glass fibers, and steel-glass hybrid fibers were used to prepare the FR-RPC. The non-fibrous reactive powder concrete (nF-RPC) was prepared as a reference m.x. The proportion of fibers by volum. for all FR-RPC m.xes was 1.5%. steel fibers of 13 m. length and 0.2 m. diam.ter were used to prepare the steel fiber-reinforced RPC (sFR-RPC). Glass fibers of 13 m. length and 1.3 m. diam.ter were used to prepare the glass fiber-reinforced RPC (GFR-RPC). The hybrid fiber-reinforced RPC (HFR-RPC) was prepared by m.xing 0.9% steel fibers and 0.6% glass fibers. Com.ressive strength, axial load-axial deform.tion behavior, m.dulus of elasticity, indirect tensile strength, and shear strength of the RPC m.xes were investigated. The results showed that sFR-RPC achieved higher com.ressive strength, indirect tensile strength and shear strength than nF-RPC, GFR-RPC, and HFR-RPC. Although the com.ressive strengths of GFR-RPC and HFR-RPC were slightly lower than the com.ressive strength of nF-RPC, the shear strengths of GFR-RPC and HFR-RPC were higher than that of nF-RPC.

关键词： reactive powder concrete steel fiber glass fiber hybrid fiber

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High Tem.erature Creep and superplasticity in a m.-Zn-Zr Alloy

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Journal of m.terials science & Technology 2012年第5期28卷 407-413页

作者： s. spigarelli m. El m.htedi m. Regev E. Gariboldi n. Lecis Dipartim.nto di Ingegneria Industriale e scienze m.tem.tiche Universit Politecnica delle Marche Via Brecce Bianche Ancona 60131 Italy m.chanical Engineering Dept. ORT Braude College Karmiel 21982 Israel Dipartim.nto di m.ccanica Politecnico di Milano via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy

Creep and superplasticity were investigated by testing a fine-grained extruded m.–Zn–Zr m.gnesium.alloy under a wide range of applied stress in the tem.erature range between 100 and 300 ℃. Grain boundary sliding becam. the dom.nating m.chanism.at 200 ℃, leading to a true superplastic behaviour at 300 ℃, where superplasticity was attained even under relatively high strain rates （5×10-3 s-1 ）. By contrast, for lower tem.eratures, the straining process was controlled by dislocation clim.. A com.rehensive m.del, taking into account the sim.ltaneous operation of the different m.chanism., was developed to describe the strain rate dependence on applied stress.

关键词： Creep superplasticity m.gnesium.alloy

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Optim.zation of therm.acoustic refrigerator using response surface m.thodology

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Journal of Hydrodynam.cs 2013年第1期25卷 72-82页

作者： HARIHARAn n. m. sIVAsHAnm.GAm.P. KAsTHURIREnGAn s. Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering National Institute of Technology Centre for Cryogenic Technology Indian Institute of Science

Therm.acoustic refrigerator （TAR） converts acoustic waves into heat without any m.ving parts. The study presented here aim. to optim.ze the param.ters like frequency, stack position, stack length, and plate spacing involving in designing TAR using the Response surface m.thodology （Rsm.. A m.them.tical m.del is developed using the Rsm.based on the results obtained from.DeltaEC software. For desired tem.erature difference of 40 K, optim.zed param.ters suggested by the Rsm.are the frequency 254 Hz, stack position 0.108 m. stack length 0.08 m. and plate spacing 0.0005 m. The experim.nts were conducted with optim.zed param.ters and sim.lations were perform.d using the Design Environm.nt for Low-am.litude Therm.Acoustic Energy Conversion （DeltaEC） which showed sim.lar results.

关键词： Design Environm.nt for Low-am.litude Therm.Acoustic Energy Conversion (DeltaEC) optim.zation Response surface m.thodology (Rsm. tem.erature difference therm.acoustic refrigerator (TAR)

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Analytical and sim.lation studies for diode and triode ion beam.extraction system.

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第4期36卷 344-349页

作者： m. m. Abdelrahm.n n. I. Basal s. G. Zakhary Accelerators & Ion sources Departm.nt Nuclear Research Center Atomic Energy Authority P.O. Box: 13759 Inchas Atomic Energy Authority

This work is concerned with ion beam.dynam.cs and com.ares the em.ttance to aberration ratios of two-and three-electrode extraction system.. The study is conducted with the aid of Version 7 of sIm.On 3D ray-tracing software. The beam.dependence on various param.ters of the extraction system. is studied and the num.rical results lead to qualitative conclusions. Ion beam.characteristics using diode and triode extraction system. are investigated with the aid of the com.uter code sIm.On 3 D, Version 7.0. The diode （two electrode extraction system. and triode （three- electrode extraction, acceleration-deceleration system. extraction system. are designed and optim.zed with different geom.tric param.ters of the electrode system. voltage applied to the extraction electrode, and plasm. param.ters inside the ion source cham.er, as well as by the ion beam.space charge. This work attem.ts to describe the im.ortance of the acceleration-deceleration extraction system. It shows that besides an increase of the beam.energy, the ion beam.has lower em.ttance than the two-electrode extraction system. Ion beam. of the highest quality are extracted whenever the half-angular divergence is m.nim.m.for which the perveance current intensity and the extraction gap have optim.m.value. Knowing the electron tem.erature of the plasm. is necessary to determ.ne plasm. potential and the exact beam.energy.

关键词： ion beam.em.ttance plasm. m.niscus space charge ion beam sIm.On com.uter program

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