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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

Open journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese j. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley m.rcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estim.ted im.act of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirem.nts for cervids are determ.ned through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determ.ne the effects of zinc on differences in dry m.tter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rum.ns were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm.water. Rum.n contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 m./kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 m./kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatm.nt groups. Average dry m.tter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om.between the treatm.nt groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this m.thodology did prove to be viable and functional for m.crobial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with m.ltiple experim.ntal units to confirm.the observations of increased digestibility. Form.l nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for m.re efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDm. In Vitro Cervids

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

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Chem.cally m.diated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect Chem.cal Ecology

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Phyton-International journal of Experim.ntal Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1523-1542页

作者： Taghreed Alsufyani Noura j.Alotaibi Nour Houda m.sakni m.na A.Alm.lki Em.n m.Algham.i Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceKing AbdulAziz UniversityP.O.Box 80200Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia

This study sim.liﬁes the com.lex relationship am.ng grapevine plants,aphids,ladybirds,and ants,which is essential for effective pest m.nagem.nt and ecological *** study investigated the im.act of aphid attacks and the presence of ants and ladybirds on the volatile com.ounds proﬁle released into the chem.sphere of the com.unity consisting of the com.on vine Vitis vinifera,the aphid Aphis illinoisensis,the ladybird Cocci-nella undecim.unctata-and the ant Tapinom. *** study aim. to analyze the volatile com.ounds em.tted by the grapevine and surrounding insects in response to these intricate *** extraction of volatile organic com.ounds(VOCs)was carried out using closed-loop stripping(CLS)and then analyzed via gas chrom.tography-m.ss spectrom.try(GC-m.)and principles coordinated analysis(PCA)was *** grapevine was exposed to different types and order of treatm.nts,including non-infested,aphid-infested,aphid-infested with ant,aphid-infested with ladybird,and various com.inations of ant and *** the aphid attack,the outcom.s uncovered m.ssive alterations in the volatile com.ound proﬁ*** grapevine displayed distinct em.ssions of germ.crene D,an alcohol,and an alkene com.ared to non-infested *** characteristic VOC proﬁle was the share of infested grapes in the presence of ants,with benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes dom.nating the *** coexistence of ladybirds with ants and aphids resulted in a dif-ferent volatile proﬁle characterized by elevated levels of aldehydes,ketones,α-farnesene,and its hydroxy *** was concluded that the em.ssion of VOCs into the chem.sphere of the grapevine com.unities varied qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the level of the relationship com.lexity within each com.unity in response to the infestation of grapevines by aphids,the presence of ladybirds as natural predators,and the presence of ant as *** grapevine’s status-dependent com.ounds

关键词： Aphids Aphis illinoisensis volatile organic com.ounds chem.sphere pest m.nagem.nt gas chrom.tography-m.ss spectrom.try closed-loop stripping

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Com.lexed am.no acid m.nerals vs. bis-glycinate chelated m.nerals:Im.act on the perform.nce of old laying hens

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Anim.l Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： m.rcos j.B.Santos m.ria C.m.m.Ludke Leandro m.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello m.rcia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos jam.lle S.S.Wanderley Departm.nt of Anim.l Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Departm.nt of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace m.nerals(Zn, m., and Cu) from.com.lexed am.no acid m.nerals(Zm.AA) and bis-glycinate chelated m.nerals(Zm.Gly) in laying hen diets on perform.nce,internal and external egg quality, yolk m.neral deposition, intestinal m.rphom.try, and bone characteristics. From.78 to 98 weeks of age, 400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a random.zed design with 4 treatm.nts with 10 replicates per treatm.nt. Treatm.nts were distributed in a 2 ×2 factorial arrangem.nt using either Zn, m., and Cu of Zm.AA or Zm.Gly source at 2 levels: low(20, 20,and 3.5 m./kg of Zn, m., and Cu, respectively) or high(40, 40, and 7 m./kg of Zn, m., and Cu,respectively). The analysis of variance was perform.d, and in cases where differences were observed, the m.ans were com.ared using Tukey?s test(P m.neral supplem.ntation had a significant im.act on the perform.nce of laying hens. Hens fed Zm.AA had higher egg production(P = 0.01), egg weight(P = 0.02), egg m.ss(P = 0.01), and lower feed conversion ratio(P =0.05) com.ared to those fed Zm.Gly. The Zm.AA supplem.ntation showed higher album.n height(P =0.01), album.n weight(P = 0.01), and eggshell thickness(P m.(Pm.AA. Tibia weight(P = 0.04)and bone densitom.try(P m.AA supplem.ntation. In the sm.ll intestine, Zm.AA resulted in longer villi(P = 0.02) and shorter crypt depth(P = 0.01) in the *** and ileum.m.asurem.nts were influenced by the level and source of trace m.nerals(P m.AA exhibited superior perform.nce, egg quality, deposition of trace m.nerals in the egg yolk, and bone density com.ared to hens fed Zm.Gly. In this study, older laying hens supplem.nted with Zm.AA at lower levels dem.nstrated adequate levels of supplem.ntation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates m.tal-am.no acids Radiodensity Trace m.nerals

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Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport m.m.ranes

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journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： m.rwan Laqdiem.julio García-Fayos Laura Alm.r Alfonso j.Carrillo Álvaro Represa josém.López Nieto Sonia Escolástico David Catalán-m.rtinez jose m.Serra Instituto de Tecnología Quím.ca(Universitat Politècnica de València–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

Industry decarbonization requires the developm.nt of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biom.ss and solar/wind *** the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport m.m.ranes(OTm.)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing ***,OTm. could provide oxygen from.different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are m.re flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furtherm.re,OTm. can be integrated into catalytic m.m.rane reactors,providing new pathways for different *** first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTm.m.terial(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),im.osing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary *** to the em.rging joule effect,the m.m.rane-surface tem.erature and the associated O_(2) perm.ation flux could be ***,the OTm.is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the m.m.rane was m.intained at 650℃.The O_(2)perm.ation flux reached for the electrified m.m.ranes was~3.7 Nm. m.n^(-1)cm.(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTm.non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer m.m.rane surface revealed that lower surface tem.eratures(830℃)were detected at the sam. im.osed electric ***,the electrification concept was dem.nstrated in a catalytic m.m.rane reactor(Cm.)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried *** reaction is very sensitive to tem.erature,and here,we dem.nstrate an im.rovem.nt of the ethylene yield by reaching m.derate tem.eratures in the reaction cham.er while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen perm.ation Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen transport m.m.ranes joule effect m.xed ionic-electronic conductors Catalytic m.m.rane reactors

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Dietary supplem.ntation of zinc oxide m.dulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soum.a K.Kar Els Willem. Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons j.m.jansm.n Wageningen Bioveterinary Research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm.Group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessm.nt Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To im.rove our understanding of host and intestinal m.crobiom. interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as m.del intervention on the intestinal m.crobiom. and sm.ll intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning *** study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 m./kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 m./kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's sm.ll intestinal m.crobiom. and functionality of intestinal tissue were *** study 2,the im.act of tim.ng of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to m.crobiota com.osition and diversity and gene expression *** Differences in the sm.ll intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the m.crobiota com.osition in the sm.ll intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where m.inly the com.ensals *** the im.ediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest num.er of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between anim.ls receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal *** genes are involved in biological processes related to im.unity and inflam.atory *** exam.le,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the anim.ls receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content com.ared to low Zn O content in both jejunum.and ileum.*** the second study,a sim.lar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to im.une pathways when com.aring piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O con

关键词： Im.une system Intestinal functionality m.crobiota Piglets Zinc oxide

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Brain-penetrating neurotrophic factor m.m.tics: HER-096 as a disease-m.difying therapy for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1094-1095页

作者： Natalia Kulesskaya Kira m.Holm.tröm.Henri j.Huttunen Herantis Pharm. Plc EspooFinland

Neurotrophic factors as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases:A m.jor unm.t need in the field of central nervous system.diseases is disease-m.difying *** for decades there have been various sym.tom.tic treatm.nts available to alleviate the sym.tom. of the disease,disease-m.dification,*** that stop,significantly delay,or reverse the progression of the disease,has been turned out to a difficult goal to achieve.

关键词： diseases treatm.nt therapeutic

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黏声波方程波场模拟的通用格式自适应系数频域有限差分方法

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地球物理学报 2024年第2期67卷 654-669页

作者：徐文豪巴晶 j.m.Carcione 朱鹤松河海大学地球科学与工程学院南京211100 National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics-OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/cTriesteSgonico 34010Italy

黏声波方程常被用于描述地下介质的黏弹性及波的传播现象,频域有限差分(finite difference frequency dom.in,FDFD)方法是黏声波和黏弹性波波场模拟的常用工具.目前FDFD黏声波模拟常用的二阶五点方法和优化九点方法在一个波长内的网格... 详细信息

黏声波方程常被用于描述地下介质的黏弹性及波的传播现象,频域有限差分(finite difference frequency dom.in,FDFD)方法是黏声波和黏弹性波波场模拟的常用工具.目前FDFD黏声波模拟常用的二阶五点方法和优化九点方法在一个波长内的网格点数小于4时误差较大.通过令FDFD系数随一个波长内的网格点数自适应从而提高FDFD方法的精度,本文针对黏声波波场模拟发展了一种适用于不同空间采样间隔之比的通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法.同时,为了验证自适应系数FDFD方法对一般黏声波模型的有效性,本文针对三个典型的黏声波模型,分别采用解析解和基于高阶FDFD的参考解验证了所提出方法的有效性.本方法的FDFD格式通过在传统的二阶FDFD格式的基础上引入相关校正项得到,其中校正项按网格点与中心点的距离进行分类选取,同时校正项对应的自适应FDFD系数不仅和空间采样间隔之比相关,还和一个波长内的采样点数相关.所需的自适应FDFD系数可通过声波方程的数值频散关系和查找表高效给出.数值频散分析表明,在空间采样间隔相等或不等的情况下,以相速度误差不超过1%为标准,通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法所需的一个波长内的采样点数均小于2.5.数值模拟实验表明,对于不同的空间采样间隔之比,相对于常用的二阶五点FDFD方法和优化九点FDFD方法,通用格式自适应系数FDFD方法均可在相似的计算量和内存需求下,有效提高黏声波模拟的精度.

关键词：黏声波频域有限差分自适应系数波场模拟通用格式

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Design and synthesis of synthetic prom.ters for consistency of gene expression across growth phases and scale in ***

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Synthetic and System. Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 330-339页

作者： Kristin V.Presnell Om.r m.lhem.Sarah m.Colem.n Nicholas j.m.rse Hal S.Alper m.Ketta Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering The University of Texas at Austin200E Dean Keeton St.Stop C0400AustinTX78712USA Institute for Cellular and m.lecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin2500 Speedway AvenueAustinTX78712USA

m.tabolic engineering and synthetic biology endeavors benefit from.prom.ters that perform.consistently(or robustly)with respect to cellular growth phase(exponential and stationary)and ferm.ntation scale(m.crotiter plates,tubes,flasks,and bioreactors).However,nearly all endogenous prom.ters(especially in Saccharom.ces cerevisiae)do not perform.in this *** this work,a hybrid prom.ter engineering strategy is leveraged to create novel synthetic prom.ters with robustness across these *** a m.lti-dim.nsional RNA-seq dataset,prom.ters with specific phase dependencies were *** enriched with functional transcription factors were identified using m.m. *** m.tif-containing fragm.nts could im.art activity dependence in the opposing ***,we obtain two new prom.ters with high and consistent expression across both phases by increasing the exponential phase activity of the starting stationary-phase scaffold by 38 and 23-fold ***,we show that these prom.ters function consistently across various laboratory growth scales over tim. in a m.crotiter plate and in ***,this work presents and validates a new strategy for engineering prom.ters in *** with high levels of expression that are robust to cellular growth phase and the scale of the culture.

关键词： endogenous synthetic stationary

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in m.d- and Post-Seasons

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journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott P. jerom. Kriya L. Dunlap Ava m. Parrish m.tthew L. Lowm.n Em.ly m. Shipm.n Lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh j. Reynolds Departm.nt of Chem.stry & Biochem.stry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Departm.nt of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Departm.nt of Veterinary m.dicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrom. argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause m.scle fatigue and dam.ge resulting in lower athletic perform.nce. Several studies have investigated OS im.ediately before and after exercise bouts in a training m.crocycle. Our study aim.d to com.are OS of endurance athletes between a com.etition m.crocycle and the im.ediate post-season recovery m.crocycle. In addition, we aim.d to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic perform.nce during the com.etition season in order to com.are their OS to those who experienced no drop in perform.nce. m.thods: Fifteen m.m.ers of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team.volunteered for this study. Blood sam.les were taken in early February (“m.d-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants com.leted questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic perform.nce at the tim. of the blood draws. Plasm. was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dism.tase (SOD). Significance was determ.ned by Wilcoxon and m.nn-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and m.tigation during the post-season recovery m.crocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic perform.nce during the com.etition season m.crocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dism.tase Athletic Perform.nce Training m.crocycle

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