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Growth Responses of Wheat cultivars to Rock Phosphate in Hydroponics

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 398-402页

作者： m. ASHRAF RAHm.TULLAH m. A. m.QSOOD S. KANWAL m. A. TAHIR L. ALI Directorate of Land Reclam.tion Irrigation & Power Department Punjab (Pakistan) Institute of Soil & Environm.ntal Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Screening cultivars to grow under conditions of low phosphorus (P) availability and utilize P efficiently from.com.ounds of low solubility in soils m.y be beneficial to overcom. poor plant growth in P-deficient soils. The growth behavior and P utilization efficiency of seven wheat cultivars grown in hydroponics were studied, using rock phosphate as P source. The wheat cultivars grown for 30 days were significantly different in biom.ss accum.lation, P uptake and P utilization efficiency. The dry m.tter production of all the cultivars was significantly correlated with P uptake, which in turn correlated to the drop in the root m.dium.pH. The ranking of wheat cultivars on the basis of dry m.tter yield, P uptake and P utilization efficiency was Zam.ndar 80 > Yecora > c 271 > WL 711 > Barani 83 > PARI 73 > Rohtas. The cultivar Zam.ndar 80 appeared to possess the best growth potential in P-deficient soils.

关键词： cultivars hydroponics nutrition rockphosphate wheat

Analysis of Differences in Productivity,Profitability and Soil Fertility Between Organic and conventional cropping System. in the Tropics and Sub-tropics

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2299-2310页

作者： Te Pas c m.Rees R m School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh carbon m.nagem.nt centre Scotland's Rural College

Organic farm.ng aim. to stim.late soil fertility by avoiding the use of synthetic fertiliser inputs, relying instead on locally available natural resources. It is regarded by m.ny as a sustainable alternative to conventional fanning because it ensures higher biodiversity, restricts environm.ntal pollution, prevents land degradation and is easy to apply for sm.llholder and subsistence farm.rs. Although widely practiced and studied in tem.erate regions, little is known about the potential overall benefits of organic farm.ng in the tropics and subtropics. This paper addresses this gap by undertaking an analysis of the differences between organic and conventional agriculture in the tropics and sub-tropics based on an extensive literature review including 88 papers with 458 data pairs. The com.arison is based on three m.in indicators： yield, gross m.rgin and soil organic carbon （SOc）. The differences between the organic and conventional system. for each of these m.in indicators is represented by the ratio of the value of the indicator in the organic system.divided by the corresponding value in the conventional system. This was initially calculated for each data pair individually, and grouped by a variety of explanatory factors, such as precipitation, hum.n developm.nt level, soil texture, crop type, organic input type, tim. after conversion and certification. The results dem.nstrate that under organic m.nagem.nt, yields were on average 26% higher, gross m.rgins 51% higher and soil organic carbon 53% higher than under conventional m.nagem.nt. The highest yield increases in organic cropping system. were achieved in the least developed countries, in arid regions and on coarse soils. For gross m.rgins, certification was the m.in reason for differences between organic and conventional system.. certified farm.rs, m.stly located in developed countries, receive significantly higher prices. Furtherm.re, organic farm.ng in the driest regions results in higher profits than in other

关键词： organic farm.ng conventional fanning tropics subtropics carbon sequestration yield soil quality soil organic carbon

Role of Ag m.croalloying on glass form.ng ability and crystallization kinetics of ZrcoAgAlNi am.rphous alloy

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chinese Physics B 2021年第1期30卷 471-476页

作者： A Surendar K Geetha c Rajan m.Alaazim Departm.nt of Pharm.cology Saveetha Dental College and HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia cSE Excel Engineering CollegePallakapalayamKomarapalayam637303India IT K S Rangasamy College of Technology TiruchengodeNamakkalTamil Nadu 637215India Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta(UMS)Indonesia

Bulk m.tallic glasses(Bm.s) with new chem.cal com.ositions(ZrcoAgAlNi) were fabricated and the effects of Ag m.nor addition on the glass form.ng ability(GFA) and crystallization kinetics were studied. The x-ray diffraction(XRD) test was applied to identify the am.rphousness of Bm.s or possible crystalline phases. Using differential scanning calorim.ter(DSc), the therm.l stability and crystallization kinetics under a non-isotherm.l condition at the different heating rates were studied. considering the heating rate dependency of glass transition and crystallization kinetics, the activation energy was evaluated and m.asured for the m.ntioned processes. It was revealed that the rise in Ag content led to the decrease in activation energy for glass transition, while the activation energy for crystallization increased. The therm.l stability and GFA were also studied and it was found that the Ag addition strongly affected the inherent features of Bm.s. With the increase in Ag content, the atom.c m.bility and structural rearrangem.nt changed in the m.terial and consequently, the GFA and therm.l stability were significantly im.roved.

关键词： bulk m.tallic glass m.terials design crystallization kinetics glass form.ng ability

com.ining m.terial characterization with single and m.lti-oxyanion adsorption for m.chanistic study of chrom.te rem.val by cationic hydrogel

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2011年第6期23卷 1004-1010页

作者： Irene m.c.Lo Sam.el c.N.Tang Departm.nt of civil and Environm.ntal Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

cationic hydrogel with m.gnetic property was synthesized via radical polym.rization and its rem.val capacity of chrom.te from.contam.nated water was found to be 200 m./*** Fourier transform.infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） study,the m.chanism.of chrom.te rem.val by hydrogel was found to be non-specific adsorption,m.inly due to ion exchange,as evidenced by the positively charged functional group,trim.thyl am.onium.N＋（cH3）3,in the *** were accordingly determ.ned by testing di？erent oxyanion adsorption onto the *** results of the chrom.te adsorption experim.nts illustrated that the am.unt of chrom.te adsorbed was nearly equal to that of the chloride released from.the hydrogel,which is part of the evidence for ion *** and m.lti-oxyanion adsorption experim.nts were also perform.d,and it was dem.nstrated that ion rem.val was species independent,but charge dependent,another characteristic of the ion exchange *** was found that the sam. Langm.ir m.del can be applied to best fit the findings of single and m.lti-oxyanion adsorption,which further indicates the m.chanism.of chrom.te rem.val is attributed to ion *** view of the above,the background anions com.ete for adsorption sites with chrom.te,evidenced by inhibitive chrom.te rem.val in the presence of background electrolytes in the batch studies,further echoing the ion exchange m.chanism.

关键词： adsorption m.gnetic hydrogel m.chanism ion exchange oxyanion

Text Extraction and Enhancem.nt of Binary Im.ges Using cellular Autom.ta

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International Journal of Autom.tion and com.uting 2009年第3期6卷 254-260页

作者： G. Sahoo Tapas Kum.r B. L. Raina c. m. Bhatia Departm.nt of Inform.tion Technology Birla Institute of Technology Departm.nt of Inform.tion Technology Lingaya s University Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

Text characters em.edded in im.ges represent a rich source of inform.tion for content-based indexing and retrieval applications. However, these text characters are difficult to be detected and recognized due to their various sizes, grayscale values, and com.lex backgrounds. Existing m.thods cannot handle well those texts with different contrast or em.edded in a com.lex im.ge background. In this paper, a set of sequential algorithm. for text extraction and enhancem.nt of im.ge using cellular autom.ta are proposed. The im.ge enhancem.nt includes gray level, contrast m.nipulation, edge detection, and filtering. First, it applies edge detection and uses a threshold to filter out for low-contrast text and sim.lify com.lex background of high-contrast text from.binary im.ge. The proposed algorithm.is sim.le and easy to use and requires only a sam.le texture binary im.ge as an input. It generates textures with perceived quality, better than those proposed by earlier published techniques. The perform.nce of our m.thod is dem.nstrated by presenting experim.ntal results for a set of text based binary im.ges. The quality of thresholding is assessed using the precision and recall analysis of the resultant text in the binary im.ge.

关键词： Text extraction edge detection cellular autom.ta algorithm text detection thresholding.

Prelim.nary perform.nce analysis and optim.zation based on 1D neutronics m.del for Indian DEm. HccB blanket

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2020年第8期22卷 184-191页

作者： D AGGARWAL c DANANI m.Z YOUSSEF Institute for Plasm. Research GandhinagarGujarat 382428India Hom. Bhabha National Institute(HBNI) AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India University of california-Los Angeles Los AngelesCA 90095United States of America

India,under its breeding blanket R&D program.for DEm.,is focusing on the developm.nt of two tritium.breeding blanket concepts;nam.ly the lead-lithium.cooled ceram.c breeder and the helium.cooled ceram.c breeder(HccB).The study presented in this paper focuses on the neutronic design analysis and optim.zation from.the tritium.breeding perspective of the HccB *** Indian concept has an edge-on configuration and is one of the variants of the helium.cooled solid breeder blanket concepts proposed by several partner countries in *** Indian HccB blanket having lithium.titanate(Li2TiO3)as the tritium.breeder and beryllium.Be)as the neutron m.ltiplier with reduced-activation ferritic/m.rtensitic steel structure aim. at utilizing the low-energy neutrons at the rear part of the *** aim.of the optim.zation study is to m.nim.ze the radial blanket thickness while ensuring tritium.self-sufficiency and provide data for further neutronic design and therm.l-hydraulic layout of the HccB *** is found that inboard and outboard blanket thicknesses of 40 cm.and 60 cm.respectively,can give a tritium.breeding ratio(TBR)>1.3,with 60%6Li enrichm.nt,which is assum.d to be sufficient to cover potential tritium.losses and associated *** results also dem.nstrated that the Be packing fraction(PF)has a m.re profound im.act on the TBR as com.ared to 6Li enrichm.nt and the PF of Li2TiO3.

关键词： DEm. helium.cooled ceram.c breeder blanket neutronic optim.zation study tritium breeding ratio

Behavior of fluxed lim. iron oxide pellets in hot m.tal bath during m.lting and refining

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2013年第4期20卷 329-337页

作者： J. Pal S. Ghorai m. c. Goswam. D. Ghosh D. Bandyopadhyay S. Ghosh cSIR-National m.tallurgical Laboratory Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terial Engineering Jadavpur University

Lum. lim. as a fiux m.terial in a basic oxygen furnace （BOF） often creates problem. in operation due to its high m.lting point, poor dissolution property, hygroscopic nature, and fines generation tendency. To alleviate these problem., fluxed lim. iron oxide pellets （FLIP） containing 30% caO were developed in this study using waste iron oxide fines and lim.. The suitable handling strengths of the pellet （crushing strength： 300 N; drop strength： 130 tim.s） of FLIP were developed by treating with cO2 or industrial waste gas at room.tem.erature, while no separate binders were used. When the pellet was added into hot m.tal bath （carbon-containing m.lten iron）, it was decom.osed, m.lted, and transform.d to produce low m.lting oxidizing slag, because it is a com.ination of m.in caO and Fe2O3. This slag is suitable for facilitating P and c rem.val in refining. Furtherm.re, the pellet enhances waste utilization and use of cO2 in waste gas. In this article, em.hasis is given on studying the behavior of these pellets in hot m.tal bath during m.lting and refining along with therm.dynam.cs and kinetics analysis. The observed behaviors of the pellet in hot m.tal bath confirm.that it is suitable and beneficial for use in BOF and replaces lum. lim..

关键词： ore pellets lim. dissolution m.lting refining basic oxygen converters

Analysis Schem. for Density m.dulation Experim.nts to Study Particle confinem.nts

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2006年第1期8卷 65-71页

作者： K. TANAKA c. m.cHAEL K. KAWANATA T. TOKUZAWAI m. SHOJI K. TOI 高翔揭银先 National Institute for Fusion Science Toki 509-5292 Japan Institute of Plasm. Physics Chinese Academy of Science Hefei 230031 China

Density m.dulation experim.nts are powerful experim.ntal schem.s for the study of particle transport. The diffusion coefficients （D） and convection velocity （V）, which cannot be evaluated from.the particle balance in the equilibrium.state, can be obtained separately. Further, the estim.ted values of D and V are determ.ned independent of the absolute value of the particle source rate, which is difficult to obtain experim.ntally. However, the sensitivities and interpretation of D and V from.the m.dulation experim.nts need to be considered. This paper describes num.rical techniques for solving the particle balance equation of the m.dulation com.onents. Exam.les of the analysis are shown regarding the data of LHD experim.nts, and the results of the m.dulation experim.nts are discussed.

关键词： density m.dulation, particle confinem.nts, diffusion coefficient convection velocity

m.le com.etition and speciation： expanding our fram.work for speciation by sexual selection

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current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 69-73页

作者： Alycia c. R. LAcKEY m.chael D. m.RTIN Robin m. TINGHITELLA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Binghamton University Binghamton NY 13902 USA Departm.nt of Biology Oxford College of Emory University Oxford GA 30054 USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO 80208 USA

IntroductionSexual selection is a powerful source of rapid evolutionary change, and there is a long-standing hypothesis that it can cause reproductive isolation. However, our understanding of speciation by sexual selection is largely lim.ted to m.chanism. by which sexual selection via fem.le m.te choice can drive divergence （i.e., when m.le m.ting signals and fem.le preferences for those signals diversify; Panhuis et al. 2001; m.an and Seehausen 2011）. m.le com.etition for m.tes--Darwin＇s second m.chanism.of sexual selection-can also favor rapid and dram.tic phenotypic and genotypic changes, yet it has been all but overlooked in speciation research （Darwin 1859, 1871; Seehausen and Schluter 2004;

关键词：竞争框架配偶选择多样化达尔文机制信号进化