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Search for the doubly charm.d baryon ?cc+

Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2021年第10期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 6-17页

作者： R. Aaij C. Abellán Beteta T. Ackernley B. Adeva m. Adinolfi H. Afsharnia C. A. Aidala S. Aiola Z. Ajaltouni S. Akar J. Albrecht F. Alessio m. Alexander A. Alfonso Albero Z. Aliouche G. Alkhazov P. Alvarez Cartelle S. Am.to Y. Am.is L. An L. Anderlini A. Andreianov m. Andreotti F. Archilli A. Artam.nov m. Artuso K. Arzym.tov E. Aslanides m. Atzeni B. Audurier S. Bachm.nn m. Bachm.yer J. J. Back P. Baladron Rodriguez V. Balagura W. Baldini J. Baptista Leite R. J. Barlow S. Barsuk W. Barter m. Bartolini F. Baryshnikov J. m. Basels G. Bassi B. Batsukh A. Battig A. Bay m. Becker F. Bedeschi I. Bediaga A. Beiter V. Belavin S. Belin V. Bellee K. Belous I. Belov I. Belyaev G. Bencivenni E. Ben-Haim.A. Berezhnoy R. Bernet D. Berninghoff H. C. Bernstein C. Bertella A. Bertolin C. Betancourt F. Betti I. Bezshyiko S. Bhasin J. Bhom.L. Bian m. S. Bieker S. Bifani P. Billoir m. birch F. C. R. Bishop A. Bitadze A. Bizzeti m. Bj?rn m. P. Blago T. Blake F. Blanc S. Blusk D. Bobulska J. A. Boelhauve O. Boente Garcia T. Boettcher A. Boldyrev A. Bondar N. Bondar S. Borghi m. Borisyak m. Borsato J. T. Borsuk S. A. Bouchiba T. J. V. Bowcock A. Boyer C. Bozzi m. J. Bradley S. Braun A. Brea Rodriguez m. Brodski J. Brodzicka A. Brossa Gonzalo D. Brundu A. Buonaura C. Burr A. Bursche A. Butkevich J. S. Butter J. Buytaert W. Byczynski S. Cadeddu H. Cai R. Calabrese L. Calefice L. Calero Diaz S. Cali R. Calladine m. Calvi m. Calvo Gom.z P. Cam.rgo m.galhaes P. Cam.ana A. F. Cam.overde Quezada S. Capelli L. Capriotti A. Carbone G. Carboni R. Cardinale A. Cardini I. Carli P. Carniti L. Carus K. Carvalho Akiba A. Casais Vidal G. Casse m. Cattaneo G. Cavallero S. Celani J. Cerasoli A. J. Chadwick m. G. Chapm.n m. Charles P. Charpentier G. Chatzikonstantinidis C. A. Chavez Barajas m. Chefdeville C. Chen S. Chen A. Chernov V. Chobanova S. Cholak m. Chrzaszcz A. Chubykin V. Chulikov P. Ciam.rone m. F. Cicala X. Cid Vidal G. Ciezarek P. E. L. Clarke m. Clem.ncic H. V. Clif J. Closier J. L. Cobbledick V. Coco J. A. B. Coelho J. Cogan E. Cogneras L. University of Groningen Universiteit m.astricht AGH-University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Com.uter Science Università di Cagliari Eotvos Lorand University Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academ. of Sciences (KINR) School of Physics University College Dublin NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT) Université Clerm.nt Auvergne INFN Sezione di Perugia STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory School of Physics and Astronom. m.nash University Novosibirsk State University Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. Uppsala University University of m.chigan Università di Genova School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology University of m.chigan Peking University National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) Università di Rom. Tor Vergata Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) Universidade Federal do Tria?ngulo m.neiro (UFTm. Institute of Particle Physics Central China Norm.l University Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCAS Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular Ann Arbor Centro m.xto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC Nikhef National Institute for Subatom.c Physics and VU University Am.terdam National Research Tom.k Polytechnic University AGH-University of Science and Technology Faculty of Com.uter Science Electronics and Telecom.unications qUniversità di Siena Università di Padova Scuola Norm.le Superiore National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute United States Università degli Studi di m.lano m.U-Iligan Institute of Technology (m.U-IIT) Università di Firenze INFN Sezione di Rom. La Sapienza Institut für Physik Universit?t Rostock Departam.nto de Fisica Universidad Nacional de Colom.ia Universit?t Bonn-Helm.oltz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik nstitute of Physics INFN Sezione di m.lano Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Hanoi University of Science GH-University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Com.uter Science epartm.nt of Physics and Astronom. University of m.nchester P.N. Lebedev Phys

A search for the doubly charm.d baryon ?cc+with the decay m.de ?cc+→Ξc+K-π+is perform.d using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-m.ss energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experim.nt from.2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated lum.nosity of 5.4 fb-1. No significant signal is observed within the invariant m.ss range of 3.6 to 4.0 GeV/c2. Upper lim.ts are set on the ratio R of the production cross-section tim.s the total branching fraction of the ?cc+→Ξc+K-π+decay with respect to the Ξcc++→Λc+K-π+π+decay. Upper lim.ts at 95% credibility level for R in the range 0.005 to 0.11 are obtained for diferent hypotheses on the ?cc+m.ss and lifetim. in the rapidity range from.2.0 to 4.5 and transverse m.m.ntum.range from.4 to 15 GeV/c.

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Characterisation of the Bacteria and Archaea Com.unity Associated with Wild Oysters, At Three Possible Restoration Sites in the North Sea

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Open Journal of m.rine Science 2024年第2期14卷 19-40页

作者： Natacha m. S. Juste-Poinapen Yang Lu Blanca Bolaños De Hoyos George C. birch Cam.lle Saurel Oyster Heaven Rotterdam Netherlands Nucleus Rotterdam Netherlands m.crobial Ecology and Wastewater m.crobiology Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

With 85% of the global oyster reefs destroyed, there is an urgent need for large scale restoration to benefit from.the ecosystem.services provided by biogenic oyster reefs and their associated biodiversity, including m.croorganism. that drive m.rine biogeochem.cal cycles. This experim.nt established a baseline for the m.nitoring of the bacterial and archaeal com.unity associated with wild oysters, using sam.les from.their im.ediate environm.nt of the Voordelta, with cohabiting Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis, Duikplaats with only C. gigas attached to rocks, and the Dansk Skaldyrcentre, with no onsite oysters. The m.crobial profiling was carried out through DNA analysis of sam.les collected from.the surfaces of oyster shells and their substrate, the sedim.nt and seawater. Following 16S rRNA am.licon sequencing and bioinform.tics, alpha indices im.lied high species abundance and diversity in sedim.nt but low abundance in seawater. As expected, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firm.cutes and Thaum.rchaeota dom.nated the top 20 OTUs. In the Voordelta, OTUs related to Colwellia, Shewanella and Psychrobium.differentiated the oysters collected from.a reef with those attached to rocks. Duikplaats were distinct for sulfur-oxidizers Sulfurim.nas and sulfate-reducers from.the Sva 0081 sedim.nt group. Archaea were found m.inly in sedim.nts and the oyster associated m.crobiom., with greater abundance at the reef site, consisting m.stly of Thaum.rchaeota from.the fam.ly Nitrosopum.laceae. The oyster free site displayed archaea in sedim.nts only, and algal bloom.indicator m.croorganism. from.the Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae fam.ly and genus [Polaribacter] huanghezhanensis, in addition to the ascidian sym.iotic partner, Synechococcus. This study suggests site specific m.crobiom. shifts, influenced by the presence of oysters and the type of substrate.

关键词： Oyster Reefs m.crobiom. m.rine Bacteria m.rine Archaea Restoration

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PNAS:科学家或成功实现利用基因疗法来治疗阿尔兹海默氏症

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第4期17卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： Loukia Katsouri[a] Yau m. Lim.a] Katrin Blondrath[a] Ioanna Eleftheriadou[b] Laura Lom.ardero[a] Am. m. birch[a] Nazanin m.rzaei[a] Elaine E. Irvine[c] Nicholas D. m.zarakis[b], m.gdalena Sastre[a], [a]Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London W12 0NN United Kingdom [b]Gene Therapy Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London W12 0NN United Kingdom [c]Institute for Clinical Sciences Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre London W12 0NN United Kingdom

日前,来自帝国理工学院的研究人员通过利用病毒将特殊的基因片段运输到小鼠大脑中，从而成功抑制小鼠患阿尔兹海默氏症，相关研究刊登于国际杂志PNAS上，该研究或为后期开发治疗诸如阿尔兹海默氏症等神经性疾病的新型疗法提供思路。

关键词：基因疗法治疗利用科学家神经性疾病基因片段研究人员后期开发

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Perform.nce and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorm. H. Abram.wicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam.Bourdarios L. Adam.zyk S.V. Addepalli m.J. Addison J. Adelm.n A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik m.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahm.d F. Ahm.dov W.S. Ahm.d S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tam.ihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akim.v D. Akiyam. N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H.m.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alim.nti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.m.m. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m.G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Am.ral Coutinho A. Am.ler C. Am.lung m. Am.rl C.G. Am.s D. Am.dei S.P. Am.r Dos Santos K.R. Am.s V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angeram. A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m.T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo m.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assam.gan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atm.ni P.A. Atm.siddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backm.n A. Badea P. Bagnaia m. Bahm.ni A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubram.nian E.m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.m. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieram.nte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari m.S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron m. The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from.quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an im.ortant role in various analyses perform.d at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard m.del m.asurem.nts and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced background.This paper describes the m.asurem.nt of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated lum.nosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS experim.nt.Two taggers with high perform.nces in rejecting jets from.gluon over jets from.quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirem.nts on the num.er of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other com.ines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A m.thod is established to determ.ne the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsam.les defined by the jet pseudorapidity.Differences in tagging efficiency between data and sim.lation are provided for jets with transverse m.m.ntum.between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for m.ltiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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Retransplantation for graft failure in chronic hepatitis C infection: A good use of a scarce resource?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第40期16卷 5070-5076页

作者： Ian A Rowe Kerri m.Barber Rhiannon birch Elinor Curnow Jam.s m.Neuberger Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Blood and Transplant

AIm. To investigate the outcom. of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection undergoing liver retransplantation. m.THODS: Using the UK National Registry, patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCV-related liver disease were identified. Data on patient and graft characteristics, as well as transplant and graft survival were collected to determ.ne the outcom. of HCV patients undergoing retransplantation and in order to identify factors associated with transplant survival. RESULTS: Between m.rch 1994 and Decem.er 2007, 944 adult patients were transplanted for HCV-related liver disease. At the end of follow-up, 617 of these patients were alive. In total, 194 (21%) patients had first graft failure and of these, 80 underwent liver retransplantation, including 34 patients where the first graft failed due to recurrent disease. For those transplanted for HCV-related disease, the 5-year graft survival in those retransplanted for recurrent HCV was 45% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24%-64%] com.ared with 80% (95% CI: 62%-90%) for those retransplanted for other indications (P = 0.01, log-rank test); the 5-year transplant survival after retransplantation was 43% (95% CI: 23%-62%) and 46% (95% CI: 31%-60%), respectively (P = 0.8, log-rank test). In univariate analysis of all patients retransplanted, no factor analyzed was significantly associated with transplant survival. CONCLUSION: Outcom.s for retransplantation in patients with HCV infection approach agreed criteria for m.nim.m.transplant benefit. These data support selective liver retransplantation in patients with HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver Recurrence Retransplantation Outcom.

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Nanoscale viscoelastic properties and adhesion of polydim.thylsiloxane for tissue engineering

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Acta m.chanica Sinica 2014年第1期30卷 2-6页

作者： J.Chen K.E.Wright m.A.birch School of m.chanical & System. Engineering Newcastle University Arthritis Research UK (ARUK) Tissue Engineering Centre Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityUK Research UK (ARUK) Tissue Engineering Centre Institute of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityUK St Jam.s’ University Hospital University of Leeds UK

It has shown that altering crosslink density of biopolym.rs will regulate the m.rphology of m.senchym.l Stem.Cells （m.Cs） and the subsequent m.Cs differentia- tion. These observations have been found in a wide range of biopolym.rs. However, a recent work published in Nature m.terials has revealed that m.Cs m.rphology and differen- tiation was unaffected by crosslink density of polydim.thyl- siloxane （PDm.）, which rem.ins elusive. To understand such unusual behaviour, we use nanoindentation tests and m.delling to characterize viscoelastic properties and sur- face adhesion of PDm. with different base：crosslink ratio varied from.50：1 （50D） to 10：1 （10D）. It has shown that lower crosslink density leads to lower elastic m.duli. De- spite lower nanoindentation elastic m.duli, PDm. with lowest crosslink density has higher local surface adhesion which would affect cell-biom.terials interactions. This work suggests that surface adhesion is likely another im.ortant physical cue to regulate cell-biom.terials interactions.

关键词： Bioploym.r- Nanoindentation- Viscoelasticity Surface adhesion

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m.lti-length scale bioprinting towards sim.lating m.croenvironm.ntal cues

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Bio-Design and m.nufacturing 2018年第2期1卷 77-88页

作者： Elisabeth L Gill Xia Li m.rk A. birch Yan Yan Shery Huang Departm.nt of Engineering University of CambridgeTrumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1PZ UK Division of Traum. and Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Surgery University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

It is envisaged that the creation of cellular environm.nts at m.ltiple length scales, that recapitulate in vivo bioactive and structural roles, m.y hold the key to creating functional, com.lex tissues in the laboratory. This review considers recent advances in biofabrication and bioprinting techniques across different length scales. Particular focus is placed on 3D printing of hydrogels and fabrication of biom.terial fibres that could extend the feature resolution and m.terial functionality of soft tissue constructs. The outlook from.this review discusses how one m.ght create and sim.late m.croenvironm.ntal cues in vitro. A fabrication platform.that integrates the com.etencies of different biofabrication technologies is proposed. Such a m.lti-process, m.ltiscale fabrication strategy m.y ultim.tely translate engineering capability into an accessible life sciences toolkit, fulfilling its potential to deliver in vitro disease m.dels and engineered tissue im.lants.

关键词：细胞环境生物活性生物技术技术创新

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Oom.cetes Seek Help from.the Plant：Phytophthora infestans Effectors Target Host Susceptibility Factors

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m.lecular Plant 2016年第5期9卷 636-638页

作者： Petra C. Boevink Hazel m.Lellan Eleanor m. Gilroy Shaista Naqvi Qin He Lina Yang Xiaodan Wang Dionne Turnbull m.les R. Arm.trong Zhendong Tian Paul R.J. birch Cell and m.lecular Science James Hutton Institute(JHI) InvergowrieDundee DD2 5DA UK Division of Plant Science College of Life Science University of Dundee(at JHI) Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academ. of Agricultural Sciences 368 Xuefu Road Harbin 150086 China

Plants have a sophisticated im.une system.to defend against a wide range of invaders,including insects,nem.todes,bacteria,oom.cetes,fungi,and viruses.m.crobes m.y m.nipulate or suppress im.unity by delivering effector proteins,either to the inside or outside of plant cells.m.ch attention has been focused on identifying the targets of effector proteins in the host and on characterizing how effector activities suppress im.unity.

关键词： Oom.cetes Phytophthora Susceptibility

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m.croneedle-based devices for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2021年第8期11卷 2344-2361页

作者： Rachael V.Dixon Eldhose Skaria Wing m.n Lau Philip m.nning m.rk A.birch-m.chin S.m.ein m.ghim. Keng Wooi Ng School of Pharm.cy Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE17RUUK Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUK Wellcom. Trust Centre for Cell-m.trix Research Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PTUK

Recent infectious disease outbreaks,such as COVID-19 and Ebola,have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to initiate treatm.nt and curb transm.ssion.Successful diagnostic strategies critically depend on the efficiency of biological sam.ling and tim.ly analysis.However,current diagnostic techniques are invasive/intrusive and present a severe bottleneck by requiring specialist equipm.nt and trained personnel.m.reover,centralised test facilities are poorly accessible and the requirem.nt to travel m.y increase disease transm.ssion.Self-adm.nistrable,point-of-care(PoC)m.croneedle diagnostic devices could provide a viable solution to these problem..These m.niature needle arrays can detect biom.rkers in/from.the skin in a m.nim.lly invasive m.nner to provide(near-)real-tim. diagnosis.Few m.croneedle devices have been developed specifically for infectious disease diagnosis,though sim.lar technologies are well established in other fields and generally adaptable for infectious disease diagnosis.These include m.croneedles for biofluid extraction,m.croneedle sensors and analyte-capturing m.croneedles,or com.inations thereof.Analyte sam.ling/detection from.both blood and derm.l interstitial fluid is possible.These technologies are in their early stages of developm.nt for infectious disease diagnostics,and there is a vast scope for further developm.nt.In this review,we discuss the utility and future outlook of these m.croneedle technologies in infectious disease diagnosis.

关键词： m.croneedle Infectious disease Point-of-care diagnostics(PoC) Biom.rker detection Skin Biosensor COVID-19

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Nutrient changes in potting m.x and Eucalyptus nitens leaf tissue under m.cadam.a biochar am.ndm.nts

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 379-389页

作者： A.Wrobel-Tobiszewska m.Boersm. J.Sargison P.Adam. B.Singh S.Franks C.J.birch D.C.Close CREPS Centre for Renewable Energy and Power SystemsSchool of Engineering and ICTUniversity of TasmaniaEngineering BuildingDobson RoadSandy Bay CampusHobartAustralia Tasm.nian Institute of Agriculture University of Tasmania16-20 Mooreville RoadPO Box 3523Burnie 7320Australia JSA Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd Ellerslie HouseLevel 1119 Sandy Bay RoadSandy BayTAS 7005Australia Forestry Tasm.nia 79 Melville StreetHobartTAS 7000Australia Faculty of Agriculture and Environm.nt Center for CarbonWater and FoodBiomedical BuildingUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

The effect of m.cadam.a nut shell biochar on nitrogen,potassium.phosphorus,m.gnesium.calcium.and sodium.concentrations in potting m.x used to grow Eucalyptus nitens seedlings was investigated in a glasshouse experim.nt.The treatm.nts com.ined two fertiliser rates（50 and 100% rate of the com.ercial m.x com.only used in forestry nurseries） with eight biochar rates(0,2,5,10,20,50,80 and 100 t ha;) arranged in a random.sed com.lete block with three replicates of four sam.le plants.Nutrients were quantified in the potting m.x and seedling leaves at four destructive harvests 135,177,219 and269 days after planting.Biochar significantly increased nitrate-N,Colwell P,Colwell K and exchangeable Na andreduced am.onium.N,m. and Ca concentrations in the potting m.x.Seedling leaf concentrations of P,K and Na were increased by biochar application,while N rem.ined dependent on fertiliser rate only.m. and Ca leaf concentrations decreased in response to increasing biochar rates.Elevated nitrate-N and decreased am.onium.N concentrations suggest that biochar m.ght have increased nitrification in the potting m.x.We presum.d that biochar m.diated processes that reduced uptake of P and K when high doses of biochar were com.ined with full fertilisation.Changes in potting m.x K,Na,m. and Ca were consistent with selective adsorption of ions to biochar surfaces.

关键词： Charcoal Forest plantation Plant nutrition Seedlings Soil chem.stry

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