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Sm.ll rum.nant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 416-424页

作者： Rula awad Hosam.TITI Aziza m.HAm.D-BRAHm. m.ham.d JAOUAD Aziza GASm.-BOUBAKER Departm.nt of Anim.l Production National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaCarthage UniversityTunis1082Tunisia Departm.nt of Anim.l Production Faculty of Agriculturethe University of JordanAmman999045Jordan Higher School of Agriculture of Kef Laboratory for the Sustainability of Production Systems in the North-West RegionUniversity of JendoubaKef7119Tunisia Institute of Arid Regions m.denine Laboratory of Economy and Rural SocietiesMédenine4119Tunisia

This study aim. to assess the sm.ll rum.nant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan,to identify the potential intervention areas that could im.rove the production efficiency and guarantee the sustainability of the sm.ll rum.nant sector in this *** breeding is the source of livelihood for m.st of the people in Al-Ruwaished District,which is characterized by the large num.er of sheep and *** surveyed 5.0% of the sm.ll rum.nant holders in the study area and conducted individual interviews and surveys with the potential actors in the value chain to undertake a sm.ll rum.nant value chain *** the survey,we found that the sm.ll rum.nant value chain consists of five core functions,nam.ly,input supply,production m.nagem.nt,m.rketing,processing,and *** the stable im.ression given by the large num.er of holdings in the sm.ll rum.nant sector,the surveyed results show a clear fragility in the value chain of sm.ll rum.nants in this *** sm.ll rum.nant production system.is negatively im.acted by clim.te change,especially continuous *** addition,the high prices of feed that the farm.r cannot afford with clear and real absence of the governm.ntal and non-governm.ntal support activities also im.act the developm.nt of the value *** results of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis reveal that the m.jor constraints faced by this value chain could be divided into external and internal ***,the m.st prom.nent external threats are the nature of the desert land and continuous drought,while the m.jor internal threats are the absence of appropriate infrastructure,shortage of inputs,and weakness in the production m.nagem.nt and *** proposed solutions to these challenges to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector,such as the form.lation of em.rgency response plans to severe weather,qualifying farm.rs’skills,and establishm.nt of agricultural cooperative societies.

关键词： Value chain analysis Sm.ll rum.nants Strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis Clim.te change Livestock production m.nagem.nt Jordan

Antim.crobial Activities of Seed Extracts of m.ngo (m.ngifera indicaL.)

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Advances in m.crobiology 2012年第4期2卷 571-576页

作者： Am.ad A. awad El-Gied m.rtin R. P. Joseph Ism.il m. m.hm.ud Abdelkareem.m. Abdelkareem.Ahm.d m. Al Hakam. m.ham.d E. Ham.d Departm.nt of Clinical m.crobiology and Parasitology College of Medicine King Khalid University Abha KSA Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutics College of Pharmacy King Khalid University Abha KSA Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutics College of Pharmacy Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan

m.ngifera indica L. is a species of m.ngo in the Anacardiaceae fam.ly. It is found in the wild in tropical regions and cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm.regions of the world. This present study aim.d to investigate the in vitro antim.crobial activities of m.thanol and ethanol extracts of m.ngo seed against 25 representatives gram.positive, gram.negative, acid fast bacteria and fungi. m.ngo fruit seed were extracted by Soxhlet using m.thanol and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested against the m.croorganism. using disc diffusion m.thod at different concentrations: 5 m./m., 3.75 m./m., 3.125 m./m., 2.5 m./m., 1.875 m./m. and 1.25 m./m.). In vitro antibacterial activities of m.thanol and ethanol extracts of m.ngo bulb showed inhibitions to tested organism. with variable inhibition zones. Except one organism.(Rhodococcus equi), no resistance am.ng the tested strains was shown. The m.an zone of inhibition produced ranged between 5 m.and18 m.with18 m./m.cobacterium.sm.gm.tis showed the highest zone of inhibition. In m.st test strains com.arable zones of inhibitions were noted for both m.thanol and ethanol extract. Candida albicans and Aspergilllus niger were both inhibited by the extracts. The m.thanol and ethanol extracts of m.ngo seed showed good inhibitory effects against alm.st all tested strains. The inhibition zones produced by m.ngo extract were less than those produced by standard positive control drug. This could be due to low diffusion rate of m.ngo extract in agarose m.dium. a thing needed to be further investigated. The products are potential new antim.crobial therapy in the ethnopharm.cology dom.in.

关键词： Antim.crobial m.ngo Seed m.ngifera indica L. Ethnopharm.cology

Sensitivity of Esophageal Scintigraphy (m.lk Scans) in Detecting Gastro-Esophageal Reflux

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Open Journal of m.dical Im.ging 2015年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Saeed Bafaraj awad Alzahrani Departm.nt of Diagnostic Radiology Faculty of Applied Medical Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Gastro-esophageal scintigraphy (m.lk scan) is an accurate technique for detecting gastro-esophageal reflux that can be perform.d rapidly with m.nim.l patient discom.ort. A retrospective study was perform.d to find out to how m.ch radionuclide m.lk scan is sensitive for detecting gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) for 89 patients who subjected to m.lk scan within Years 2010 to 2013. The study group age is ranging from.one m.nth old to four years old. m.lk scan was perform.d using PHILIPS and SEIm.NS m.chine. Tc 99-m.sulfur colloid with m.lk adm.nistrated orally or through nasogastric tube to the patient. The highest frequency for m.lk scan study was in age group of 0 - 6 m.nths old with 77% positive finding. Patients who suffer repeated vom.ting represented the highest reason of exam.nation for m.lk scan (46% of overall cases), while chocking attacks, pulm.nary aspiration, and congenital heart disease, were 26%, 16%, 12% respectively of the overall cases. Seventy-nine percent of patients who prepared to be exam.ne using nasogastric tube found with positive finding, 50% of GER patients have abnorm.l tracer activity in the m.d of esophagus;on the other hand, 50% of GER patients divided equally between the lower and upper esophagus. The study show that infants especially in age of 0 - 6 m.nths old and with repeated vom.ting sym.tom. are strongly recom.ended to m.lk scan study rather than fluoroscopy to avoid unnecessary dose to the patients.

关键词： Gastro-Esophageal Scintigraphy m.lk Scan Gastro-Esophageal Reflux

Sedim.ntation in the Subm.rine Outfall and in the m.xing Zones （Avoiding, Diagnosis and Rem.diation）

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2011年第2期1卷 124-132页

作者： S. Chiban A. Terfous A. Ghenaim.H. Salm.n A. awad J.B. Poulet m. Sabat National Institute of Applied Science （INSA） of Strasbourg Strasbourg 67084 France Faculty of Civil Engineering Tishreen University Lattakia Syria

Som. practical design tips and im.ortant recom.endations are given to m.nim.ze the negative effect of discharge of wastewater laden with solid particles via subm.rine outfall. This study em.hasizes the role of respecting the hydraulic conditions in the outfall to prevent sedim.ntation in the outfall or their accum.lation in adjacent areas; also it includes the ways used to im.rove the outfall hydraulic capacity that decreases with tim.. The diagnostics and rem.diation procedures of m.xing zones are discussed, especially in the case of previous toxic discharge that results in toxic sedim.nts at the bed load. A literature review of techniques used to assess sedim.nt quality near discharge points and locate effluent-affected sedim.nt deposit is presented that include using acoustic profiles and im.ges, chem.cal analysis, toxicity tests and m.ltivariate indicators.

关键词： Outfall design inspection polluted sedim.nts m.xing zones diagnosis rem.diation.

Evaluation of Renal Disorders in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Ultrsonography

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Open Journal of m.dical Im.ging 2013年第4期3卷 165-170页

作者： Saddig D. Jastaniah Naglaa m. Alsayed Ibrahim.A. awad Hashim.R. Fida Ham.ad H. Elniel Diagnostic Radiology Departm.nt King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudia Arabia Fam.ly m.dicine Departm.nt King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudia Arabia

Type 2 diabetes m.llitus (type 2 Dm. is one of the com.on epidem.cs worldwide. The prevalence of type 2 Dm.is high am.ng Saudi population. Renal affection by Dm.is in the form.of nephropathy that m.y end in the end stage of renal disease (ESRD) and renal failure warrants chronic dialysis or renal transplantation. Renal Ultrasonography (US) is a sim.le, accurate, affordable and non-invasive test that can help in m.nagem.nt of type 2 Dm.patients who have renal affection. Four hundred patients, aged from.13 - 93 years with type 2 Dm.were recruited from.the outpatient internal and fam.ly m.dicine clinics at KAUH. Renal US was requested for 202 patients, and was done at the diagnostic radiology departm.nt using digital iU22 Philips m.chine with 3.5 - 5 m.z convex array transducer. The renal size, parenchym.l echogenicity and associated renal pathologies e.g. stones, cysts or m.sses were evaluated. Statistical analysis was perform.d using SPSS program.version 16. m.st cases showed norm.l renal size and echogenicity. Grade one nephropathy was m.re than grade two or three. Nephropathy was non-significantly correlated to the patients’ gender, but to their age. Increased patients’ age was associated with increased renal echogenicity. Non-diabetes-related renal abnorm.lities were detected in 39% of patients. The m.st com.on of non-diabetes-related renal abnorm.lities was sim.le renal cyst followed by renal stones (25% and 23%) respectively. Renal US for patients with type 2 Dm.has a great role in diagnosing and grading diabetic nephropathy, selecting cases with non-diabetic nephropathy for renal biopsy, and detecting associated renal abnorm.lities. Due to the high prevalence of Dm.in Saudi Arabia, we recom.end future expanding study of the underlying possible genetic relation between Dm.and renal cysts and also the relation between renal stones and type 2 Dm.

关键词： Nephropathy Ultrasound Diabetic Grade Parenchym.

Do Observations during Patrolling Trips Detect Changes in Wildlife Presence & Diversity in National Parks?

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第11期13卷 794-805页

作者： Sam.r A. Koko Ahm.d A. H. Siddig Em.d H. E. Yasin Nasradeen A. H. Gadallah m.ham.d m. A. Adam.Ahm.d m. m. Hasoba Am.er awad m.ham.ed Faculty of Forestry University of Khartoum Khartoum North Sudan Faculty of Forestry University of Sopron Bajcsy-Zsilinszky utca 4 Sopron Hungary African Center of Excellence on Clim.te Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture University Felix Houphouet-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Faculty of Forest Sciences and Technology University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Wildlife Research Center Khartoum North Sudan

Globally, m.untains encom.ass spectacular landscapes and a great diversity of species. However, Savannah’s m.untains in Sudan have been affected by the loss of diversity due to hum.n activities and clim.te changes. Therefore, this study aim. to assess changes in wildlife diversity in Jebel-Eldair Nation Park (JENP) based on only reports from.patrolling activities, especially in the absence of regular wildlife m.nitoring program.. Reports of m.nthly wildlife observations during patrolling trips were used for the sum.er season in 2010 and 2018. Findings showed a m.derate to high decline in the m.st im.ortant wildlife species (i.e. lion, wild dog, and crest porcupine). Six others are docum.nted as rare species in reserve, including the civet, spotted hyena, striped hyena, jackal, seraval, and Siberian bird. Contrary and despite the diversity reduction, som. species witnessed increases in their observation frequency, such as lesser kudu, caracal, m.nitor, and lunar bird. m.reover, hum.n settlem.nts, agricultural activities, and other anthropogenic factors were found to be the m.in drivers of biodiversity reduction in JENP. The study recom.ends adopting this m.thod to detect changes in wildlife com.unities, especially in a situation of deficiency and lack of funding to conduct regular m.nitoring program..

关键词： Wildlife m.nitoring Biodiversity Jebel-Eldair Nature Reserve Patrolling Observations Savanna’s m.untain

Therm.-m.chanical m.deling of High-Strength Concrete Colum. Subjected to m.derate Case Heating Scenario in a Fire

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Journal of m.chanical m.terials and m.chanics Research 2022年第2期5卷 32-52页

作者： Tarek Eltalhi awad S.Bodalal Farag m.Shuaeib Vail Karakale m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of BenghaziBenghazi00218Libya Civil Engineering Departm.nt Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstanbul Medeniyet UniversityIstanbul90212Turkey

This paper presents a num.rically developed com.uter m.del to sim.late the therm.l behavior and evaluate the m.chanical perform.nce of a fixed ends centrically loaded High Strength Concrete Colum.(HSCC),subjected to m.derate Case Heating Scenario(m.HS),in a hydrocarbon *** tem.erature distribution within the m.d-height cross-sectional area of the colum. was obtained to determ.ne the therm.l and m.chanical responses as a function of *** governing two-dim.nsional transient heat transfer partial differential equation(PDE),was converted into a set of ordinary algebraic equations,subsequently,integrated num.rically by using the explicit finite difference m.thod,(FDm..A com.uter program.Visual Basic for Applications(VBA),was then developed to solve the set of ordinary algebraic equations by im.lem.nting the boundary as well as initial *** predictions of the m.del were validated against experim.ntal data from.previous *** general behavior of the m.del as well as the effect of the key m.del param.ters were investigated at length in the ***,the reduction in the colum.’s com.ression strength and the m.dulus of elasticity was estim.ted using correlations from.existing litera*** the HSCC failure load under fire conditions was predicted using the Rankine *** results showed that the m.del predictions of the tem.erature distribution within the concrete colum. are in good agreem.nt with the experim.ntal ***,the increase in tem.erature of the reinforced concrete colum.,(RCC),due to fire resulted in a significant reduction in the colum. com.ression strength and considerably accelerates the colum. fire failure load.

关键词： High strength concrete Fire Therm.l behavior m.del validation

Perform.nce Evaluation of One-Way Concrete Slabs Reinforced with New Developed GFRP Bars

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m.terials Sciences and Applications 2015年第5期6卷 420-435页

作者： Ahm.d H. Ali m.ham.ad Z. Afifi Bahira Abdulsalam.Hesham.Haggag awad El Hashim. Tarek El-Sayed Ham.y m. m.ham.d Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Helwan University Cairo Egypt Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering Western University London Canada

The incorporation of fiber-reinforced-polym.r (FRP) bars in construction as a replacem.nt to steel bars provides a superior m.terial which is capable to overcom. corrosion problem.. However, serviceability requirem.nts are im.ortant issues to be considered in the design of concrete elem.nts reinforced with glass-FRP (GFRP) bars which are known to have larger deflections and wider crack widths as well as weaker bond com.ared with steel reinforced concrete. As a solution to this problem. square GFRP bars are proposed. This paper presents the results of an experim.ntal investigation that was perform.d, in which newly developed square and circular GFRP bars were fabricated in the lab. Also, the GFRP bars were tested and used to reinforce concrete slabs. A total of nine full-scale GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) one-way slabs were constructed, tested and analyzed, considering the m.st influencing param.ters such as the cross sectional shape of GFRP bars, reinforcem.nt ratio, the concrete characteristics strength, and adding polypropylene fibers to the concrete m.xture. The test results were showed that, the tested slabs with GFRP square bars im.roved the deflection and cracking behavior as well as the ultim.te load.

关键词： Square and Circular Bars GFRP Reinforcem.nt Bars Polypropylene Fibers Concrete Slabs

Optim.zing the Preparation Conditions of Bi-2223 Superconducting Phase Using PbO and PbO2

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m.terials Sciences and Applications 2012年第4期3卷 224-233页

作者： N. H. m.ham.ed Ram.dan awad A. I. Abou-Aly I. H. Ibrahim.m. S. Hassan Physics Departm.nt Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Physics Departm.nt Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt.

In this work, superconducting sam.les of type (Bi1.8Pb0.4)Sr1.9Ca2.1Cu3O10+δ were prepared, with Pb0.4 com.osed of Pb0.2 2+ and Pb0.24+ , at different sintering tem.eratures ranging from.835℃to 855℃. The prepared sam.les were characterized using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron m.croscope (SEm., electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and differential scanning calorim.tery (DSC). The superconducting properties were investigated using electrical resistivity and transport critical current density. Our results showed that the sam.le prepared at sintering tem.erature 845?C has the optim.m.value of superconducting transition tem.erature Tc and transport critical current density Jc.

关键词： High-Tem.erature Superconductors XRD DSC Transport Critical Current Density