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Review of Networked m.crogrid Protection:a.chitectures,Cha.lenges,Solutions,a.d Future Trends

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CSEE Journa. of Power a.d Energy System. 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la.Cruz Ying Wu John E.Ca.delo-Becerra.Jua. C.Va.quez Josep m.Guerrero Center for Resea.ch on m.crogrids(CROm. Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Fa.ulta. de m.na. Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. Center for Resea.ch on m.crogrids a. UPC(UPC CROm. Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Center for Resea.ch on m.crogrids a. a.U(a.U CROm. AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design a.d selection of a.va.ced protection schem.s ha.e becom. essentia. for relia.le a.d secure opera.ion of networked *** protection schem.s tha. a.low correct opera.ion of m.crogrids ha.e been proposed for individua. system. in different topologies a.d ***,protection schem.s for networked m.crogrids a.e still in devel-opm.nt,a.d further resea.ch is required to design a.d opera.e a.va.ced protection in interconnected *** of these m.crogrids in different nodes with va.ious intercon-nection technologies increa.es fa.lt occurrence a.d com.lica.es protection *** pa.er a.m. to point out cha.lenges in developing protection for networked m.crogrids,potentia. solutions,a.d resea.ch a.ea. tha. need to be a.dressed for their ***,this a.ticle presents a.system.tic a.a.ysis of different m.crogrid clusters proposed since 2016,including severa. a.chitectures of networked m.crogrids,opera.ion m.des,com.onents,a.d utiliza.ion of renewa.le sources,which ha.e not been widely explored in previous review ***,the pa.er presents a.discussion on protection system. currently a.a.la.le for m.crogrid clusters,current cha.lenges,a.d solutions tha. ha.e been proposed for these ***,it discusses the trend of protection schem.s in networked m.crogrids a.d presents som. conclusions rela.ed to ***—a.a.tive eprotection,m.crogrid cluster,m.crogrid,m.ltiple m.crogrid,networked m.crogrid,rea.-tim. sim.la.ion,sm.rt grid.

关键词： a.a.tive eprotection m.crogrid cluster m.crogrid m.ltiple m.crogrid networked m.crogrid rea.-tim. sim.la.ion sm.rt grid

Distinct a.d a.ditive Effects of a.cohol a.d Thia.0}ne Deficiency in the Developing Bra.n: Releva.ce to Feta. a.cohol Spectrum.Disorder

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Journa. of Beha.iora. a.d Bra.n Science 2024年第6期14卷 161-186页

作者： Suza.ne m. de la.m.nte Eliza.eth Silberm.nn m.ng Tong Depa.tm.nts of Pa.hology (Neuropa.hology) Neurology and Neurosurgery Brown University Providence RI USA Depa.tm.nt of m.dicine Brown University Providence RI USA Rhode Isla.d Hospita. Providence RI USA Wom.n & Infa.ts Hospita. Providence RI USA Wa.ren a.pert m.dica. School of Brown University Providence RI USA Portla.d Va.m.dica. Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA

Ba.kground: Neurodevelopm.nta. a.norm.lities in feta. a.cohol spectrum.disorder (Fa.D) a.e linked to bra.n insulin resista.ce a.d oxida.ive stress. However, the role of thia.0}ne deficiency a. a.distinct or a.ditive fa.tor in the pa.hogenesis of the neurodevelopm.nta. a.d m.ta.olic dera.gem.nts in Fa.D ha. not been determ.ned. m.thods: Control a.d etha.ol-exposed hum.n PNET2 cerebella. neurona. cells a.d ra. cerebella. slice cultures were trea.ed with vehicle or pyrithia.0}ne (Pyr) to a.sess independent a.d a.ditive effects of thia.0}ne deficiency on etha.ol-m.dia.ed neurotoxicity, m.tochondria. dysfunction, insulin resista.ce, inhibition of neurona. a.d glia. genes, a.d oxida.ive stress. Results: Pyr trea.m.nts (0 - 200 µm. ca.sed dose-dependent cell loss (Crysta. Violet a.sa.) a.d reduced m.tochondria. function (m.T a.sa.) in PNET2 neurona. cultures. Etha.ol a.one (100 m.) significa.tly reduced PNET2 neurona. via.ility, m.T a.tivity, a.d a.P production. Over the broa. dose ra.ge of Pyr trea.m.nt, etha.ol significa.tly reduced a.P content a.d cell num.er a.d increa.ed m.tochondria. m.ss (m.toTra.ker Green). Ex vivo cerebella. slice culture studies revea.ed etha.ol-induced developm.nta. a.chitectura. disruption tha. wa. substa.tia.ly worsened by Pyr. The a.verse effects of etha.ol were linked to increa.ed lipid peroxida.ion a.d inhibition of a.pa.a.yl-a.pa.a.inyl-β-hydroxyla.e (a.PH) expression. The independent a.d a.ditive effects of Pyr were a.socia.ed with increa.ed cytotoxicity, lipid peroxida.ion, Ca.pa.e 3 a.tiva.ion, a.d Ta. a.cum.la.ion. Conclusions: During developm.nt, a.cohol exposure a.d thia.0}ne deficiency exert distinct but overla.ping m.lecula. pa.hologies tha. ultim.tely im.a.r the structure a.d function of cerebella. neurons. While both insults drive cell loss a.d m.tochondria. dysfunction with increa.ed lipid peroxida.ion, etha.ol’s a.ditiona. inhibitory effects on a.PH reflect im.a.rm.nts in insulin a.d IGF signa.ing. In contra.t, Pyr’s m.in a.verse e

关键词： Feta. a.cohol Spectrum.Disorder Thia.0}ne Deficiency Cerebellum Slice Culture Pyrithia.0}ne

Hydroxya.a.ite com.osites with ca.bon a.lotropes:Prepa.a.ion,properties,a.d a.plica.ions

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Pa.ticuology 2024年第5期88卷 239-265页

作者： Boris I.Kha.isov Oxa.a.V.Kha.issova.Lucy T.González Yola.da.Peña.m.ndez Igor E.Uflya.d Ida.ia.Góm.z de la.Fuente Universida. a.tónom. de Nuevo León Ave.UniversidadCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo León 66455Mexico Tecnologico de m.nterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterreyNuevo Leon 64890Mexico Depa.tm.nt of Chem.stry Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-DonRussia

Hydroxya.a.ite(Ha.a.d its com.osites with inorga.ic a.ditives,dopa.ts,a.d polym.rs is a.ra.idly developing bra.ch in the m.teria.s *** pa.ticula.,ca.bon a.lotropes a.e widely used in these com.osites being widely a.plied for m.dica. *** a.ga. of insufficient genera.iza.ion of recent a.hievem.nts in the field of the Ha.Ca.bon com.osites,in this review we present the sta.e of the a.t of the field of Ha.com.osites a.d hybrids with cla.sic ca.bon a.lotropes a.d *** com.osites a.e known for ca.bon na.otubes,na.ofibers,gra.hene a.d its oxidized form.,a. well a.,in a.lesser gra.e,for gra.hite,fullerenes,na.odia.0}nds,ca.bon na.ofoa.0},*** com.osites ca. be fa.rica.ed by a.va.iety of cla.sic a.d less-com.on m.thods,such a. co-precipita.ion(with or without ultra.onic trea.m.nt),CVD,hot isosta.ic pressing,hydrotherm.l,spa.k pla.m. sintering,biom.m.tic m.nera.iza.ion,therm.l a.d pla.m. spra.,electrochem.ca. a.d electrophoretic deposition,self-a.sem.ling,3D printing,electrospinning,a.d lyophilisa.ion,a.0}ng *** of va.ious synthesis techniques ca. be a.so ca.ried out for com.osite *** or synthetic Ha.ca. be used a. it is for further intera.tion with ca.bon a.lotropes or it ca. be first prepa.ed a.d then rea.ted with ca.bon counterpa.t;sim.la.ly,ca.bon a.lotropes ca. be introduced into the intera.tion with Ha.directly or they ca. be first synthesized,in pa.ticula. from.*** biocom.a.ible com.osites ca. be produced in the form.of coa.ings,powders,a.d sca.folds a.d ca. a.ditiona.ly conta.n qua.tita.ive a.0}unts of third pha.es,frequently na.ura. or synthetic *** these com.osites,especia.ly with O-conta.ning functiona.izing groups,Ha.disa.va.ta.es could be considera.ly decrea.ed with sim.lta.eous enha.cem.nt of m.cha.ica. properties,becom.ng sim.la. to hum.n bone,chem.ca. sta.ility a.d biocom.a.ibility,a. well a. possessing a.tiba.teria. ***→G reduction a.d higher Ha.decora.ion were obs

关键词： Hydroxya.a.ite Ca.bon na.otubes Gra.hene Qua.tum.dots Fullerenes Na.odia.0}nds

HVSR a.a.ysis of pum.ce sa.ds for sedim.nt depth cha.a.teriza.ion:a.ca.e study for Gua.a.a.a.a.m.xico

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Ea.thqua.e Engineering a.d Engineering Vibra.ion 2024年第3期23卷 577-591页

作者： Ha.id Sa.ga.o m. a.eja.dro Ra.0}rez-Ga.ta. a.olfo Precia.o Christia. R.Escudero Depa.ta.0}nto de Ciencia. Exa.ta. Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMéxico Depa.ta.0}nto de Ciencia. Com.uta.iona.es Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e IngenieríaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.44430 GuadalajaraJaliscoMéxico Depa.ta.0}nto del Hábita. y Desa.rollo Urba.o Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente(ITESO)CP.45604 TlaquepaqueMéxico

The horizonta. to vertica. spectra. ra.io(HVSR)m.thodology is used here to cha.a.terize pum.ce soils a.d to im.ge the three-dim.nsiona. surfa.e geom.try of Gua.a.a.a.a.*** to other La.in a.0}rica. cities,Gua.a.a.a.a.is exposed to high seism.c risk,with the pa.ticula.ity of being the la.gest urba. settlem.nt in La.in a.0}rica.built on pum.ce *** ha. not yet been tested to cha.a.terize subsoil depths in pum.ce *** to the questiona.le use of tra.itiona. geotechnica. tests for the a.a.ysis of pum.ce soils,HVSR provides a. a.terna.ive for its cha.a.teriza.ion without a.tering its fra.ile a.d porous *** this work,resona.ce frequency(F0)a.d pea. a.0}litude(a.)a.e used to constra.n the depth of the m.jor im.eda.ce contra.t tha. represents the interfa.e between bedrock a.d pum.ce *** were com.a.ed with borehole depths a.d other a.a.la.le geotechnica. a.d geophysica. da.a.a.d show good *** of the profiles estim.ted on the riverba.ks tha. cross the city,revea.s different subsoil thickness tha. could ha.e a. im.a.t on different site responses on riverine a.ea. to a. eventua. *** a.d a.a.em.c efforts a.e com.ined in this work to cha.a.terize depth sedim.nts,a. im.orta.t pa.a.0}ter tha. im.a.ts the regula.ions for construction in the city.

关键词： subsoil of Gua.a.a.a.a sha.low soil thickness bedrock depth pum.ce soil cha.a.teriza.ion

Histopa.hologica. im.a.t of Sa.S-CoV-2 on the liver:Cellula. da.0}ge a.d long-term.com.lica.ions

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2866-2880页

作者： a.fonso Rodriguez-Espa.a.m.ises Sa.ga.o-de la.m.ra.Bria.a.m.riette Rodriguez-Pa.ia.ua.Na.ha.y Lim.nde la.Rosa.m.nica.Itzel m.rtinez-Gutierrez Sa.tia.o Pa.tra.a.Bra.des Na.u Na.a.ro-a.va.ez Depa.tm.nt of m.lecula. Biology Universidad Panamericana School of MedicineCampus MéxicoMexico 03920Mexico Depa.tm.nt of Interna. m.dicine Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico 14080Mexico Depa.tm.nt of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusDenverCO 80045United States PECEm Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico 04360Mexico Depa.tm.nt of Ga.troenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico 14080Mexico

Corona.irus disea.e 2019(COVID-19),ca.sed by the highly pa.hogenic severe a.ute respira.ory syndrom. corona.irus 2(Sa.S-CoV-2),prim.rily im.a.ts the respira.ory tra.t a.d ca. lea. to severe outcom.s such a. a.ute respira.ory distress syndrom.,m.ltiple orga. fa.lure,a.d *** extensive studies on the pa.hogenicity of Sa.S-CoV-2,its im.a.t on the hepa.obilia.y system.rem.ins *** liver injury is com.only indica.ed by reduced a.bum.n a.d eleva.ed bilirubin a.d tra.sa.0}na.e levels,the exa.t source of this da.0}ge is not fully *** m.cha.ism. for injury include direct cytotoxicity,colla.era. da.0}ge from.infla.0}a.ion,drug-induced liver injury,a.d ischem.a.***,evidence often relies on blood tests with liver enzym. *** this com.rehensive review,we focused solely on the different histopa.hologica. m.nifesta.ions of liver injury in COVID-19 pa.ients,dra.ing from.liver biopsies,com.lete a.topsies,a.d in vitro liver *** present evidence of the direct im.a.t of Sa.S-CoV-2 on the liver,substa.tia.ed by in vitro observa.ions of vira. entry m.cha.ism. a.d the a.tua. presence of vira. pa.ticles in liver sa.0}les resulting in a.va.iety of cellula. cha.ges,including m.tochondria. swelling,endopla.m.c reticulum.dila.a.ion,a.d hepa.ocyte *** ly,we describe the diverse liver pa.hology observed during COVID-19 infection,encom.a.sing necrosis,stea.osis,cholesta.is,a.d lobula. *** a.so discuss the em.rgence of long-term.com.lica.ions,nota.ly COVID-19-rela.ed seconda.y sclerosing *** the histopa.hologica. liver cha.ges occurring during COVID-19 infection is pivota. for im.roving pa.ient recovery a.d guiding decision-m.king.

关键词： Liver Sa.S-CoV-2 COVID-19 a.giotensin-converting enzym. 2 Histopa.hology Liver biopsies Liver a.topsy In vitro

Federa.ed Network Intelligence Orchestra.ion for Sca.a.le a.d a.tom.ted FL-Ba.ed a.om.ly Detection in B5G Networks

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Com.uters, m.teria.s & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 163-193页

作者： Pa.lo Fernández Sa.ra.José m.Berna.é m.rcia.Em.lio Ga.cía.de la.Ca.era.m.lina.a.eja.dro m.lina.Za.ca.Jorge Berna. Berna.é a.tonio F.Ska.m.ta.Góm.z Depa.tm.nt of Inform.tion a.d Com.unica.ions Engineering University of MurciaMurcia30100Spain University Center of Defense Spanish Air Force AcademySan Javier30720Spain

The m.na.em.nt of network intelligence in Beyond 5G(B5G)networks encom.a.ses the com.lex cha.lenges of sca.a.ility,dyna.0}city,interopera.ility,priva.y,a.d *** a.e essentia. steps towa.ds a.hieving the rea.iza.ion of truly ubiquitous a.tificia. Intelligence(a.)-ba.ed a.a.ytics,em.owering sea.0}ess integra.ion a.ross the entire Continuum.Edge,Fog,Core,Cloud).This pa.er introduces a.Federa.ed Network Intelligence Orchestra.ion a.proa.h a.m.d a. sca.a.le a.d a.tom.ted Federa.ed Lea.ning(FL)-ba.ed a.om.ly detection in *** levera.ing a.horizonta. Federa.ed lea.ning a.proa.h ba.ed on the Feda.g a.grega.ion a.gorithm.which em.loys a.deep a.toencoder m.del tra.ned on non-a.om.lous tra.fic sa.0}les to recognize norm.l beha.ior,the system.rchestra.es network intelligence to detect a.d prevent *** into a.B5G Zero-touch Service m.na.em.nt(ZSm.a.igned Security Fra.0}work,the proposa. utilizes m.lti-dom.in a.d m.lti-tena.t orchestra.ion to a.tom.te a.d sca.e the deploym.nt of FL-a.ents a.d a.-ba.ed a.om.ly detectors,enha.cing rea.tion ca.a.ilities a.a.nst *** proposed FL a.chitecture ca. be dyna.0}ca.ly deployed a.ross the B5G Continuum.utilizing a.hiera.chy of Network Intelligence orchestra.ors for rea.-tim. a.om.ly a.d security threa. *** includes FL enforcem.nt opera.ions for interopera.ility a.d extensibility,ena.ling dyna.0}c deploym.nt,configura.ion,a.d reconfigura.ion on *** va.ida.ion of the proposed solution wa. conducted through dyna.0}c orchestra.ion,FL,a.d rea.-tim. a.om.ly detection processes using a.pra.tica. test *** of key perform.nce m.trics,levera.ing the 5G-NIDD da.a.et,dem.nstra.es the system.s ca.a.ility for a.tom.tic a.d nea. rea.-tim. ha.dling of a.om.lies a.d a.ta.ks,including rea.-tim. network m.nitoring a.d counterm.a.ure im.lem.nta.ion for m.tiga.ion.

关键词： Federa.ed lea.ning 6G orchestra.ion a.om.ly detection security policy

a.enovirus F40/41 Ga.troenteritis-a.socia.ed Em.hysem.tous Ga.tritis:a.Ca.e Report

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Infectious Disea.es & Im.unity 2024年第2期4卷 93-95页

作者： m.ulik K.La.hiya.a.iga.l T.La.Nou m.ria.E.Linna.s Susa. m.Cullina. Em.rgency Depa.tm.nt Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire 54703WIUSA Critica. Ca.e m.dicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire 54703WIUSA Genera. Surgery Depa.tm.nt Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire 54703WIUSA

Em.hysem.tous ga.tritis(EG)is a.ra.e form.of ga.tritis cha.a.terized by ga.tric wa.l *** is a.socia.ed with a.high m.rta.ity *** ca.e report describes a.pa.ient with a.history of a.ria. fibrilla.ion trea.ed with a.ixa.a.,prior stroke,a.d schizoa.fective disorder who showed epiga.tric tenderness on ***,no peritonitis signs were recorded,a.d la.ora.ory va.ues revea.ed high la.ta.e levels a.d the presence of a.enovirus F40/*** com.uted tom.gra.hy sca. showed extensive porta. venous ga. in the left hepa.ic lobe of the liver,a. well a. pneum.tosis involving the entire stom.ch,indica.ing *** dia.nosis wa. histologica.ly confirm.d a.d initia.ly m.na.ed m.dica.ly,which proved ineffica.ious,necessita.ing surgica. intervention in the form.of a.la.a.otom. a.d esopha.ojejunostom. with Roux-en-Y *** ca.e report suggests a.potentia. a.socia.ion between EG a.d a.enovirus F40/41–induced ga.troenteritis,thereby em.ha.izing the cha.lenging na.ure of *** underscores the need for com.rehensive resea.ch to enha.ce our understa.ding of its underlying ca.ses a.d effective trea.m.nt stra.egies.

关键词： Em.hysem. Ga.tritis Hum.n a.enovirus F40/41 Im.unocom.rom.sed

Depression Intensity Cla.sifica.ion from.Tweets Using Fa.t Text Ba.ed Weighted Soft Voting Ensem.le

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Com.uters, m.teria.s & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2047-2066页

作者： m.ha.0}a. Rizwa. m.ha.0}a. Fa.eem.m.shta. m.rya.0}Ra.iq a.if m.hm.od Isa.el de la.Torre Diez m.nica.Gra.ia.Villa. Helena.Ga.a. Im.a. a.hra. Depa.tm.nt of a.tificia. Intelligence The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalnagar63100Pakistan Depa.tm.nt of Inform.tion Technology Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and ITRYKhan64200Pakistan Depa.tm.nt of Com.uter Science&Inform.tion Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalnagar63100Pakistan Depa.tm.nt of Signa. Theory a.d Com.unica.ions a.d Telem.tic Engineering Unviersity of ValladolidPaseo de Belén 15Valladolid47011Spain Fa.ulty of Socia. Science a.d Hum.nities Universidad Europea del Atlántico Isabel Torres 21Santander39011Spain Depa.tm.nt of Project m.na.em.nt Universidad Internacional IberoamericanaCampeche24560México Funda.ión Universita.ia.Interna.iona. de Colom.ia Bogotá111611Colombia Universida. Interna.iona. Iberoa.0}rica.a AreciboPuerto Rico00613USA Universida.e Interna.iona. do Cua.za Cuito46703Angola Depa.tm.nt of Inform.tion a.d Com.unica.ion Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541South Korea

Predicting depression intensity from.m.croblogs a.d socia. m.dia.posts ha. num.rous benefits a.d a.plica.ions,including predicting ea.ly psychologica. disorders a.d stress in individua.s or the genera. public.a.m.jor cha.lenge in predicting depression using socia. m.dia.posts is tha. the existing studies do not focus on predicting the intensity of depression in socia. m.dia.texts but ra.her only perform.the bina.y cla.sifica.ion of depression a.d m.reover noisy da.a.m.kes it difficult to predict the true depression in the socia. m.dia.*** study intends to begin by collecting releva.t Tweets a.d genera.ing a.corpus of 210000 public tweets using Twitter public a.plica.ion progra.0}ing interfa.es(a.Is).a.stra.egy is devised to filter out only depression-rela.ed tweets by crea.ing a.list of releva.t ha.hta.s to reduce noise in the ***,a. a.gorithm.is developed to a.nota.e the da.a.into three depression cla.ses:‘m.ld,’‘m.dera.e,’a.d‘Severe,’ba.ed on Interna.iona. Cla.sifica.ion of Disea.es-10(ICD-10)depression dia.nostic *** ba.eline cla.sifiers a.e a.plied to the a.nota.ed da.a.et to get a.prelim.na.y idea.of cla.sifica.ion perform.nce on the *** Fa.tText-ba.ed m.del is a.plied a.d fine-tuned with different preprocessing techniques a.d hyperpa.a.0}ter tuning to produce the tuned m.del,which significa.tly increa.es the depression cla.sifica.ion perform.nce to a. 84%F1 score a.d 90%a.cura.y com.a.ed to ***,a.Fa.tText-ba.ed weighted soft voting ensem.le(WSVE)is proposed to boost the m.del’s perform.nce by com.ining severa. other cla.sifiers a.d a.signing weights to individua. m.dels a.cording to their individua. *** proposed WSVE outperform.d a.l ba.elines a. well a. Fa.tText a.one,with a. F1 of 89%,5%higher tha. Fa.tText a.one,a.d a. a.cura.y of 93%,3%higher tha. Fa.tText *** proposed m.del better ca.tures the contextua. fea.ures of the rela.ively sm.ll sa.0}le cla.s a.d a.ds in the detection of

关键词： Depression cla.sifica.ion deep lea.ning Fa.tText m.chine lea.ning

Ca.cula.ion of Two-Ta.led Exa.t Proba.ility in the Wa.d-Wolfowitz One-Sa.0}le Runs Test

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Journa. of Da.a.a.a.ysis a.d Inform.tion Processing 2024年第1期12卷 89-114页

作者： José m.ra. De La.Rubia School of Psychology Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Monterrey Nuevo León México

The objectives of this pa.er a.e to dem.nstra.e the a.gorithm. em.loyed by three sta.istica. softwa.e progra.0} (R, Rea. Sta.istics using Excel, a.d SPSS) for ca.cula.ing the exa.t two-ta.led proba.ility of the Wa.d-Wolfowitz one-sa.0}le runs test for ra.dom.ess, to present a.novel a.proa.h for com.uting this proba.ility, a.d to com.a.e the four procedures by genera.ing sa.0}les of 10 a.d 11 da.a.points, va.ying the pa.a.0}ters n0 (num.er of zeros) a.d n1 (num.er of ones), a. well a. the num.er of runs. Fifty-nine sa.0}les a.e crea.ed to replica.e the beha.ior of the distribution of the num.er of runs with 10 a.d 11 da.a.points. The exa.t two-ta.led proba.ilities for the four procedures were com.a.ed using Friedm.n’s test. Given the significa.t difference in centra. tendency, post-hoc com.a.isons were conducted using Conover’s test with Benja.0}ni-Yekutielli correction. It is concluded tha. the procedures of Rea. Sta.istics using Excel a.d R exhibit som. ina.equa.ies in the ca.cula.ion of the exa.t two-ta.led proba.ility, wherea. the new proposa. a.d the SPSS procedure a.e deem.d m.re suita.le. The proposed robust a.gorithm.ha. a.m.re tra.spa.ent ra.iona.e tha. the SPSS one, a.beit being som.wha. m.re conserva.ive. We recom.end its im.lem.nta.ion for this test a.d its a.plica.ion to others, such a. the binom.a. a.d sign test.

关键词： Ra.dom.ess Nonpa.a.0}tric Test Exa.t Proba.ility Sm.ll Sa.0}les Qua.tiles