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Expression liver-directed genes by em.loying synthetic transcriptional control units

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第34期11卷 5295-5302页

作者： m.rie-Luise Lem.en Wolfgang A.Wybranietz Ulrike schmidt Florian Graepler Sorin Arm.anu m.chael Bitzer Ulrich m.Lauer Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine I University Clinic Tübingen D-72076 Tübingen Germany

AIm. To generate and characcerize the synthetic transoiptional control units for transcriptional targeting of the liver, thereby com.ensating for the lack of specificity of currently available gene therapeutic vector system.. m.THODS： Synthetic transcriptional control unit constructs were generated and analyzed for transcriptional activities in different cell types by FACS quantification, sem.-quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting. RESULTS： A new bifunctionally-enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP）/neor fusion gene cassette was generated, and could flexibly be used both for transcript quantification and for selection of stable cell clones. Then, num.rous synthetic transcriptional control units consisting of a m.nim.l prom.ter linked to “naturally” derived com.osite enhancer elem.nts from.liver-specific expressed genes or binding sites of liver-specific transcription factors were inserted upstream.of this reporter cassette. Following liposom.-m.diated transfection, EGFP reporter protein quantification by FACS analysis identified constructs encoding m.ltim.rized com.osite elem.nts of the apolipoprotein B100 （APOB） prom.ter or the ornithin transcarbam.ylase （OTC） enhancer to exhibit m.xim.m.transcriptional activities in liver originating cell lines, but only background levels in non-liver originating cell lines. In contrast, constructs encoding only singular binding sites of liver-specific transcription factors, nam.ly hepatocyte nuclear factor （HNF）, HNF3, HNF4, HNF5, or CAAT/enhancer binding protein （C/EBP） only achieved background levels of EGFP expression. Finally, both sem.-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis of Hep3B cells dem.nstrated m.xim.m.transcriptional activities for a m.ltim.ric 4xAPOB cassette construct, which fully com.lied with the dataobtained by initial FACS analysis CONCLUSION： Synthetic transcriptional control unit constructs not only exhibit a superb degree of structural com.actness, but also provide new m.ans for liver

关键词： Liver gene therapy Hepatom. gene therapy Liver-directed gene expression Synthetic liver-specific prom.ters

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Influence of Hum.n Pressure on Forest Resources and Productivity at Stand and Tree Scales: The Case Study of Yunnan Pine in SW China

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Journal of m.untain Science 2013年第5期10卷 824-832页

作者： Thom.s m.HINCKLEY Phillip CHI Keala HAGm.NN Stevan HARRELL Am.nda Henck schmidt Lauren URGENSON Zong-yong ZENG School of Environm.ntal and Forest Sciences University of Washington Departm.nt of Anthropology and School of Environm.ntal and Forest Sciences University of Washington Geology Departm.nt Oberlin College College of Life Sciences Sichuan University

This paper exam.nes hum.n im.act on stands and individual trees of Pinus yunnanensis growing near the sm.ll m.untain villages of Pianshui and Yangjuan in southwestern Sichuan Province,*** an effort to assess whether use of these forests was sustainable,we exam.ned the effects of hum.n use in two ***,we directly m.asured the effect of cutting branches,for fuel and fodder,on tree *** hypothesized that branch cutting would negatively im.act tree *** established 12 plots on four hills and com.ared 14 pairs of trees,one tree in each pair with an apparently full crown and the other with a considerable portion of the crown ***,we assessed stand and tree properties over a 500 m.elevation gradient above the villages where we hypothesized that as elevation increases,stand and tree properties should show fewer hum.n *** extensive branch cutting reduced the live crown,tree height and diam.ter,com.ensatory processes likely enabled trees to recover and to add basal area increm.nts(BAIs) sim.lar to those added by trees with full *** and stands close to villages showed less growth and lower basal areas,respectively,than stands and trees at interm.diate or distant elevations from.*** relatively close to the villages showed considerable effects of hum.n-related disturbances such as branch cutting,grazing,tree and shrub rem.val,losses of litter,and hum.n and anim.l *** areas had increased soil erosion and often loss of the ‘A' *** close to villages had younger trees,lower stand basal areas,sm.ller basal area increm.nts,and m.re *** results suggest an increasingly vulnerable interface between occupants of these two villages and their surrounding forests.

关键词： Pinus yunnanensis Tree growth Standbasal areas Basal area increm.nt Ring width

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Investigation of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)for the Differentiation of Nerve and Gland Tissue-A Possible Application for a Laser Surgery Feedback Control m.chanism

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2016年第6期18卷 654-660页

作者： F.m.HARI m.ROHDE C.KNIPFER R.KANAWADE F.KLAm.FL W.ADLER N.OETTER F.STELZLE m.schmidt Clinical Photonics Lab Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies(SAOT)Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NurnbergPaul-Gordan-Str.691052 ErlangenGermany Institute of Photonic Technologies Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NiirnbergKonrad-Zuse-Str.3/591052 ErlangenGermany Departm.nt of Oral and m.xillofacial Surgery University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NurnbergGliickstrasse 1191054 ErlangenGermany Chair of Biom.try and Epidem.ology Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Niirnberg Waldstrabe 691054 ErlangenGermany

Laser surgery provides clean,fast and accurate m.deling of ***,the inability to determ.ne what kind of tissue is being ablated at the bottom.of the cut m.y lead to the iatrogenic dam.ge of structures that were m.ant to be *** this context,nerve preservation is one of the key challenges in any surgical *** exam.le is the treatm.nt of parotid gland pathologies,where the facial nerve（***） and its m.in branches run through and fan out inside the glands parenchym..A feedback system.that autom.tically stops the ablation to prevent nerve-tissue dam.ge could greatly increase the applicability and safety of surgical laser *** the present study,Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy（LIBS） is used to differentiate between nerve and gland tissue of an ex-vivo pig anim.l *** LIBS results obtained in this prelim.nary experim.nt suggest that the m.asured spectra,containing atom.c and m.lecular em.ssions,can be used to differentiate between the two tissue *** m.asurem.nts and differentiation were perform.d in open air and under norm.l stray light conditions.

关键词： laser induced breakdown spectroscopy plasm. chem.cal com.osition nerveparotid gland

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Quantifying the effect of persistent dryer clim.tes on forest productivity and im.lications for forest planning:a case study in northern Germ.ny

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Forest Ecosystem. 2018年第4期5卷 451-471页

作者： m.tthias Albert Ralf-Volker Nagel Johannes Sutm.ller m.tthias schmidt Departm.nt of Forest Growth Northwest German Forest Research Institute GottingenGermany Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Control Northwest German Forest Research InstituteGottingenGermany.

Background: Forest m.nagem.nt decisions are based on expectations of future developm.nts. For sound decisions it is essential to accurately predict the expected values in future developm.nts and to account for their inherent uncertainty,for exam.le the im.act of clim.te change on forests. Changing clim.tic conditions affect forest productivity and alter the risk profile of forests and forest enterprises. Intensifying drought stress is seen as one m.jor risk factor threatening forest m.nagem.nt in the north Germ.n lowlands. Drought stress reduces tree growth and vitality and m.ght even trigger m.rtality. But so far, it is not possible to quantify effects of a persistent dryer clim.te on forest productivity at a level suitable for forest ***: We apply a well-established single-tree forest growth sim.lator to quantify the effect of persistent dryer clim.tes on future forest productivity. We analyse the growth of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech(Fagus sylvatico L.) and oak(Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea(m.tt.) Liebl.) in two forest regions in the north Germ.n lowlands for a tim. interval of 60 years until 2070. The growth response under three different clim.te projections is com.ared to a baseline ***: The results show clear differences in volum. increm.nt to persistent dryer clim.tes between tree species. The findings exhibit regional differences and tem.oral trends. While m.an annual increm.nt at biological rotation age of Scots pine and oak predom.nantly benefits from.the projected clim.te conditions until 2070, beech m.ght suffer losses of up to 3 m.3·ha^(-1)yr^(-1) depending on clim.te scenario and region. However, in the projection period2051 to 2070 the uncertainty ranges com.rise positive as well as negative clim.tic effects for all ***: The projected changes in forest growth serve as quantitative contributions to provide decision support in the evaluation of, for exam.le, species future site suita

关键词： Clim.te change Forest growth Forest productivity Persistent dryer clim.te sim.lation study Uncertainty

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TIPSS for variceal hem.rrhage after living related liver transplantation:A dangerous indication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第3期12卷 493-495页

作者： Peter Schem.er Boris Radeleff Christa Flechtenm.cher Arianeb m.hrabi Gtz m.Richter m.rkus W Büchler Jan schmidt Departm.nt of General Surgery Ruprecht-KarlsUniversity69120 HeidelbergGermany Department of RadiologyRuprecht-Karls-University69120 HeidelbergGermany Department of PathologyRuprechtKarls-University69120 HeidelbergGermany

The introduction of transjugular intrahepatic portalsystem.c stent-shunt （TIPSS） has been a m.jor breakthrough in the treatm.nt of portal hypertension, which has evolved to a large extent, into a routine procedure. A 21-year-old m.le patient with progressive graft fibrosis/cirrhosis requiring TIPSS for variceal hem.rrhage in the esophagus due to portal hypertension was unresponsive to conventional m.asures two years after living related liver transplantation （LDLT）. Subsequently, variceal hem.rrhage was controlled, however, liver function decreased dram.tically with consecutive m.lti organ failure. CT scan revealed substantial necrosis in the liver. The patient underwent successful ＂high urgent＂ cadaveric liver transplantation and was discharged on postoperative d 20 in a stable condition.

关键词： Portal hypertension Liver necrosis Fibrosis Cirrhosis

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Textural and functional analysis of sorghum.flour cookies as ice cream.inclusions

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2023年第2期6卷 100-111页

作者： J.S.m.ers Scott R.Bean F.m.Aram.uni X.Wu K.A.schmidt Food Science Institute Kansas State University ManhattanKSUSA United States Departm.nt of Agriculture ManhattanKSUSA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUnited States of America

Flour serves as one of the prim.ry ingredients of cookies,which affects dough properties,physical changes during baking,and post-baking cookie *** gluten-free cookie form.lations were developed with the goal of use as inclusions in frozen *** and chocolate cookies were m.de with sorghum.flour or all-purpose wheat flour and then evaluated for physical and chem.cal *** determ.ne functionality in a frozen state,texture analysis was conducted on cookies at−30℃,−17°C,and 20℃,replicating various ice cream.storage *** sim.late the process effect of incorporating the product into a frozen dessert,cookies were crum.led m.chanically,and the crum.les were separated based on *** evaluating cookies,no significant differences(Pm.isture contents than chocolate cookies;further,blonde cookies m.de from.sorghum.flour had less m.isture than those m.de with wheat *** the cookie tem.erature decreased from.20℃to−17℃,cookie hardness increased,with flour type having no *** form.la,cookies had sim.lar instrum.ntal color ***,blonde cookies m.de from.sorghum.flour produced m.re sm.ller-sized pieces than those m.de from.wheat *** results of this study dem.nstrate that sorghum.flour cookies have desirable properties for use as inclusions in ice cream.and other frozen desserts.

关键词： Cookie Sorghum Inclusion Gluten-free Ice cream

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A spatially-explicit count data regression for m.deling the density of forest cockchafer(m.lolontha hippocastani) larvae in the Hessian Ried(Germ.ny)

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Forest Ecosystem. 2014年第4期1卷 185-200页

作者： m.tthias schmidt Rainer Hurling The Northwest Germ.n Forest Research Station

Background： In this paper, a regression m.del for predicting the spatial distribution of forest cockchafer larvae in the Hessian Ried region （Germ.ny） is presented. The forest cockchafer, a native biotic pest, is a m.jor cause of dam.ge in forests in this region particularly during the regeneration phase. The m.del developed in this study is based on a system.tic sam.le inventory of forest cockchafer larvae by excavation across the Hessian Ried. These forest cockchafer larvae data were characterized by excess zeros and overdispersion. m.thods： Using specific generalized additive regression m.dels, different discrete distributions, including the Poisson, negative binom.al and zero-inflated Poisson distributions, were com.ared. The m.thodology em.loyed allowed the sim.ltaneous estim.tion of non-linear m.del effects of causal covariates and, to account for spatial autocorrelation, of a 2-dim.nsional spatial trend function. In the validation of the m.dels, both the Akaike inform.tion criterion （AIC） and m.re detailed graphical procedures based on random.zed quantile residuals were used. Results： The negative binom.al distribution was superior to the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson distributions, providing a near perfect fit to the data, which was proven in an extensive validation process. The causal predictors found to affect the density of larvae significantly were distance to water table and percentage of pure clay layer in the soil to a depth of I m. m.del predictions showed that larva density increased with an increase in distance to the water table up to alm.st 4 m. after which it rem.ined constant, and with a reduction in the percentage of pure clay layer. However this latter correlation was weak and requires further investigation. The 2-dim.nsional trend function indicated a strong spatial effect, and thus explained by far the highest proportion of variation in larva density. Conclusions： As such the m.del can be used to support forest practitioners in thei

关键词： Forest cockchafer Larvae Negative binom.al distribution Poisson distribution Zerc〉-inflated poissondistribution System.tic sam.le inventory Generalized additive m.del Spatial autocorrelation Random.zedquantile residuals

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Sm.ller bar spacings in a Nordm.re grid reduces the bycatch of redfish(Sebastes spp.)in the offshore Northern shrim.(Pandalus borealis)fishery of eastern Canada

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第6期8卷 661-671页

作者： Tom.s Araya-schmidt Shannon m.Bayse Paul D.Winger Colin H.Frank Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Resources Fisheries and Marine InstituteMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNLA1C 5R3Canada

The offshore Northern shrim.(Pandalus borealis)bottom.trawl fishery in eastern Canada currently uses 22 and 28 m. bar spacing Nordm.re grids to lim.t bycatch from.using sm.ll m.sh ***,a recent rebound of juvenile redfish(Sebastes spp.),that can pass through the grids,has greatly increased *** address this concern,this study investigated the effectiveness of 17 and 15 m. bar spacing Nordm.re grids in a twin-trawl(paired)configuration against the traditional 22 m. bar spacing *** selectivity analyses showed that the 17 and 15 m. grids resulted in no significant reduction in shrim. catch across all length *** 17 m. grid significantly reduced redfish bycatch for all length classes and the 15 m. grid significantly reduced redfish bycatch for individuals larger than 95 m. total *** redfish entered the codend with the experim.ntal grids,however,the overlap in width between redfish and Northern shrim. lim.ts the overall sorting efficiency of the grids,leaving som. redfish still vulnerable to capture.

关键词： Size selectivity Twin trawling Catch com.arison Bycatch reduction device

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Com.arison of Cardiovascular Param.ters and Internal Training Load of Different 1-h Training Sessions in Non-elite CrossFit^(®)Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 130-141页

作者： Nicole m.ier Danien Sietm.nn Annette schmidt Institut Für Sportwissenschaft Fakultät Für HumanwissenschaftenUniversität Der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner‑Heisenberg‑Weg 3985577 NeubibergGermany

Purpose The fact that CrossFit^(®)is the best-known and rapidly growing concept for high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and high-intensity functional training(HIFT)results in a continuous increase of athletes perform.ng CrossFit^(®).In the m.re than 15,000 CrossFit^(®)Affiliates worldwide,the training concept is usually offered in 1-h training sessions containing the CrossFit^(®)-related workout of the day(WOD),as well as a general warm.up,m.vem.nt dem.nstrations,and skill ***,we report how physiological param.ters m.asured by heart rate(HR)values vary during four different 1-h CrossFit^(®)training sessions of non-elite athletes(n=27)in a local affiliated training center and what influencing factors m.y *** The duration of the 1-h training sessions were divided into a warm.up part(WU-part),a skill developm.nt part com.ined with strength exercises(A-part),followed by the WOD part(B-part).Results Analysis of HR values shows high training intensity(≥91%HR_(m.x))not throughout the duration of each training session,only during *** m.an HR values in B-part differ significantly com.ared to the rem.ining training parts(Pm.nds and training load between beginner and experienced CrossFit^(®)*** Our results m.y suggest that practicing CrossFit^(®)in 1-h training sessions com.ined anaerobic and aerobic exercise intensities,with the training concept allows beginners and experienced athletes to be trained with the sam. cardio-vascular responses and training intensities.

关键词： CrossFit^(®)perform.nce Training load Exercise intensity Cardiovascular response High-intensity functional training

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Highly efficient silicon light em.tting diodes produced by doping engineering

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2012年第1期5卷 7-12页

作者： Jiam.ng SUN m.HELm.W.SKORUPA B.schmidt A.m.CKLICH Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics m.nistry of Education Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Institute of Ion Beam.Physics and m.terials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfDresden 01314Germany

This paper reviews our recent progress on silicon （Si） pn junction light em.tting diodes with locally doping engineered carrier potentials. Boron im.lanted Si diodes with dislocation loops have electrolum.nescence （EL） quantum.efficiency up to 0.12%, which is two orders of m.gnitude higher than those without dislocations. Boron gettering along the strained dislocation lines produces locally p-type spike doping at the dislocations, which have potential wells for bounding spatially indirect excitons. Therm.l dissociation of the bound excitons releases free carriers, leading to an anom.lous increase of the band to band lum.nescence with increasing tem.era- ture. Si light em.tting diodes with external quantum.efficiency of 0.2% have been also dem.nstrated by im.lem.ntation of pnpn m.dulation doping arrays.

关键词： silicon (Si) light em.tting diodes dopingengineering dislocation m.dulation doping

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