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Distinct and Additive Effects of Alcohol and Thiam.ne Deficiency in the Developing Brain: Relevance to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum.Disorder

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第6期14卷 161-186页

作者： Suzanne m. de la m.nte Elizabeth Silberm.nn m.ng Tong Departm.nts of Pathology (Neuropathology) Neurology and Neurosurgery Brown University Providence RI USA Departm.nt of m.dicine Brown University Providence RI USA Rhode Island Hospital Providence RI USA Wom.n & Infants Hospital Providence RI USA Warren Alpert m.dical School of Brown University Providence RI USA Portland VA m.dical Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA

Background: Neurodevelopm.ntal abnorm.lities in fetal alcohol spectrum.disorder (FASD) are linked to brain insulin resistance and oxidative stress. However, the role of thiam.ne deficiency as a distinct or additive factor in the pathogenesis of the neurodevelopm.ntal and m.tabolic derangem.nts in FASD has not been determ.ned. m.thods: Control and ethanol-exposed hum.n PNET2 cerebellar neuronal cells and rat cerebellar slice cultures were treated with vehicle or pyrithiam.ne (Pyr) to assess independent and additive effects of thiam.ne deficiency on ethanol-m.diated neurotoxicity, m.tochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inhibition of neuronal and glial genes, and oxidative stress. Results: Pyr treatm.nts (0 - 200 µm. caused dose-dependent cell loss (Crystal Violet assay) and reduced m.tochondrial function (m.T assay) in PNET2 neuronal cultures. Ethanol alone (100 m.) significantly reduced PNET2 neuronal viability, m.T activity, and ATP production. Over the broad dose range of Pyr treatm.nt, ethanol significantly reduced ATP content and cell num.er and increased m.tochondrial m.ss (m.toTracker Green). Ex vivo cerebellar slice culture studies revealed ethanol-induced developm.ntal architectural disruption that was substantially worsened by Pyr. The adverse effects of ethanol were linked to increased lipid peroxidation and inhibition of asparatyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH) expression. The independent and additive effects of Pyr were associated with increased cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, Caspase 3 activation, and Tau accum.lation. Conclusions: During developm.nt, alcohol exposure and thiam.ne deficiency exert distinct but overlapping m.lecular pathologies that ultim.tely im.air the structure and function of cerebellar neurons. While both insults drive cell loss and m.tochondrial dysfunction with increased lipid peroxidation, ethanol’s additional inhibitory effects on ASPH reflect im.airm.nts in insulin and IGF signaling. In contrast, Pyr’s m.in adverse e

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum.Disorder Thiam.ne Deficiency Cerebellum Slice Culture Pyrithiam.ne

Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam.of Open Section

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World Journal of m.chanics 2024年第3期14卷 23-53页

作者： David W. A. Rees Abdelraouf m. Sam. Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are exam.ned separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam.under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist im.lies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three alum.nium.alloy extruded channel sections m.unted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of sym.etry. Bending and shear are considered m.re generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second m.m.nts of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever m.difies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacem.nt. It is shown from.the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be m.ntioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from.transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from.the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from.axial torsional loading is identified with the sum.of axial stress

关键词： Thin Wall Theory Cantilever Beam Open Channel Section Principal Axes Flexure Transverse Shear Torsion Shear Centre Shear Flow Warping Fixed-End Constraint

Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therapy: Investigation and Im.lem.ntation

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International Journal of m.dical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： m. m.ng Xu Iris Rusu Richard P. Garza Northwestern m.dicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Departm.nt of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

Purpose: To present a protocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therapy (TSET) and to provide an assessm.nt of clinical im.lem.ntation, dosim.try properties, and skin dose evaluation. m.thods and m.terials: The DFR-TSET com.ined the Stanford 6-field and m.Gill rotational m.thods. Dual 6 m.V electron beam. in high dose total skin electron m.de were used for DFR-TSET on a com.ercial linac. Beam.profiles and dosim.tric properties were m.asured using solid phantom.. The dose rate at expanded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a com.ination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosim.try of patient skin was perform.d on patients’ skin using film. m.tal oxide sem.conductor field-effect transistors (m.SFET), and optically stim.lated lum.nescent dosim.ters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therapy exhibited good (≤±10%) uniform.ty in the beam.profiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm.with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from.the horizontal direction. In-vivo m.asurem.nts confirm.d acceptable uniform.ty of the patients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatom.cally self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical im.lem.ntation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the special m.de on a linac. This technique provides short beam.on tim.s, uniform.dose distribution, large treatm.nt field, and reduced dose of x-ray contam.nation to the patients. In-vivo m.asurem.nts indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniform.ty of the prescribed dose. Electron boost fields are recom.ended at norm.l SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therapy Stanford 6 Field m.Gill Rotation Therapy In-Vivo Dosim.try

Synthesis and Therm.l Characterization of Solar Salt-Based Phase Change Com.osites with Graphene Nanoplatelets

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2024年第2期33卷 491-500页

作者： Pethurajan VIGNESHWARAN Saboor SHAIK Sivan SURESH m.slüm.ARICI Asif AFZAL Departm.nt of Therm.l and Energy Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering(SMEC)Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil NaduIndia Nanotechnology Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalliTamil NaduIndia m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt Engineering FacultyKocaeli UniversityUmuttepe CampusKocaeli41001Turkey Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering P.A.College of Engineering(affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi)Mangaluru574153India

Therm.l energy storage(TES) system. use solar energy despite its irregular availability and day-night tem.erature *** work reports the therm.l characterizations of solar salt-based phase change com.osites in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets(GNP).Solar salt(60:40 of NaNO_(3):KNO_(3)) possessing phase transition tem.erature and m.lting enthalpy of 221.01℃ and 134.58 kJ/kg is proposed as a phase change m.terial(PCm. for high-tem.erature solar-based energy storage *** conductivity m.st be im.roved to m.ke them.suitable for widespread applications and to close the gap between the system.needs where they are *** is added at weight concentrations of 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5% with solar salt using the ball m.lling m.thod to boost its therm.l *** studies indicated the form.tion of a uniform.surface of GNP on solar *** spectrum.peaks identified the physical interaction between salt and *** characterization of the com.osites,such as therm.l conductivity,DSC and TGA was carried out for the sam.les earlier and later 300 therm.l cycles.0.5% of GNP has im.roved the therm.l conductivity of salt by 129.67% and after therm.l cycling,the enhancem.nt reduced to 125.21% indicating that therm.l cycling has a m.nor im.act on therm.l *** change tem.erature decreased by around 2.32% in the presence of0.5% GNP and the latent heat reduced by 4.34% after therm.l *** therm.gram. depicted the com.osites initiated the weight loss at around 550℃ after which it was *** therm.l cycling,the weight loss initiated at ~40℃ lower com.ared to pure salt,which was found to be a m.nor *** characterization of solar salt and GNP-based solar salt com.osites revealed that the com.osites can be used for enhanced heat transfer in high-tem.erature solar-based heat transfer and energy storage applications.

关键词： therm.l energy storage high tem.erature solar salt graphene nanoplatelets therm.l characterization

Sim.ltaneous Adsorption of Aqueous Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ Using Surfactant-m.dified and Unm.dified Activated Carbon in a Fixed Bed Colum.

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Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences 2024年第1期12卷 1-24页

作者： m.rufu A. Olatunji Kam.ru A. Salam.Abdullahi m. Evuti Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) Abuja Nigeria

The goal of this work is to im.rove the sim.ltaneous rem.val of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions from.synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed colum. by incorporating sodium.dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activated carbon m.de from.coconut shells. The activated carbons were characterized using Fourier transform.infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron m.croscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEm.EDX). The adsorption colum. dynam.cs were studied by varying the flow rates (5, 10 and 15 m./m.n), bed heights (10, 15 and 20 cm., and initial concentrations (50, 150, and 250 m./L). The activated carbon has a pore volum. of 0.715 cm./g and a BET-specific surface area of 1410 m./g. Sodium.dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant incorporation onto the surface of the activated carbon enhances its capacity for sim.ltaneous adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ from.the aqueous m.dium. The affinity of the heavy m.tals to both unm.dified (AC) and m.dified (AC-SDS) activated carbons followed the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. The dynam.c adsorption of the colum. depends on the flow rate, bed height, initial m.tal concentration, and SDS surface m.dification. With a 5 m./m.n flow rate, a 20 cm.bed height, and a 50 m./L initial m.tal concentration, a m.xim.m.break-through tim. of 150 m.nutes for the unm.dified activated carbon (AC) and 180 m.nutes for the SDS-m.dified activated carbon (AC-SDS) was reached.

关键词： Adsorption Surfactant-m.dified Activated Carbon m.lticom.onent Breakthrough Adsorption Capacity Fixed Bed Colum.

Effect of Fluidic Diode on Perform.nce of Unidirectional Im.ulse Turbine

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2024年第3期33卷 807-814页

作者： DODDAm.NI Hithaish ABDUS Sam.d m.NABU Takao SHINYA Okuhara m.m.ASHRAFUL Alam Departm.nt of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyMatsue CollegeShimane6908518Japan Center of Support Practical Education National Institute of TechnologyMatsue CollegeShimane6908518Japan Departm.nt of Transportation Engineering Osaka Sangyo UniversityDaito5748530Japan

A pair of unidirectional turbines(UT)can operate in oscillatory airflow without additional ***,this arrangem.nt suffers from.poor flow rectification.A fluidic diode(FD)offers variable hydrodynam.c resistance based on the flow direction,and this can be coupled with UT to im.rove flow *** this work,a num.rical investigation on the effect of FD with UT is presented using the com.ercial fluid dynam.cs software ANSYS Fluent 16.1 with k-ωSST turbulence closure *** dom.ins of UT and FD are num.rically validated individually with experim.ntal ***,both are coupled to obtain the com.ined effect,and these results are com.ared with the analytical *** was observed that coupling FD with UT im.roved the unit's perform.nce at the lower flow coefficient(m.nce decreased as the flow coefficient *** to the diode's presence,fluid leaving the turbine experiences higher resistance at a higher flow coefficient,which decreases the overall perform.nce of the com.ined unit.

关键词： wave energy oscillating water colum. unidirectional im.ulse turbine fluidic diode flow rectification

m.ltivariate form.of Herm.te sam.ling series

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Applied m.them.tics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第2期39卷 253-265页

作者： Rashad m.Asharabi Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of Arts and SciencesNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia

In this paper,we establish a new m.ltivariate Herm.te sam.ling series involving sam.les from.the function itself and its m.xed and non-m.xed partial derivatives of arbitrary *** m.ltivariate form.of Herm.te sam.ling will be valid for som. classes of m.ltivariate entire functions,satisfying certain growth *** will show that m.ny known results included in Com.un Korean m.th Soc,2002,17:731-740,Turk J m.th,2017,41:387-403 and Filom.t,2020,34:3339-3347 are special cases of our ***,we estim.te the truncation error of this sam.ling based on localized sam.ling without decay *** exam.les are also presented.

关键词： m.ltidim.nsional sam.ling series sam.ling with partial derivatives contour integral truncation error

Pair of dyon production near m.gnetized dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom.black holes

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 257-271页

作者： Haryanto m.Siahaan Jurusan Fisika Universitas Katolik ParahyanganJalan Ciumbuleuit 94Bandung 40141Indonesia

We investigate the phenom.non of pair production of m.ssive scalar particles with m.gnetic charge near the horizon of a m.gnetized dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom.black *** intrinsic sym.etry between the electric and m.gnetic quantities in the Einstein-m.xwell equations suggests that the pair can be generated through Hawking radiation and the Schwinger effect,provided that the Dirac quantization condition is satisfied.

关键词： Dyon pair production black hole

Probing turbulence in galaxies with fast radio burst scintillation

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2024年第1期67卷 177-178页

作者： Jam.s m.Cordes Departm.nt of Astronom. the Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853USA

Interstellar scintillation(ISS)is a well-known phenom.non observed from.pulsars in the m.lky *** com.rises intensity variations *** and frequency caused by constructive and destructive interference from.m.ltipath propagation,which is due to diffraction from.fluctuations in electron density in the interstellar m.dium.ISm.on scales as sm.ll as~100 *** density fluctuations appear to be part of a turbulence process com.ined with discrete structures in electron density from.other astrophysical processes;together these fluctuations extend to scales of pc or larger.

关键词： scales galaxies turbulence