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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor l.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung lee William.l.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord injury. Although m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury, there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels, and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion, m.derate contusion, severe contusion, or com.lete transection, 7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury, and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex assay. Results dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury, while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt, increased m.re than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a m.ld injury, 11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury

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Post-fire recovery of Puya raim.ndii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of m.untain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： m.ry l.SUNI Giovana P.VADIllO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA letty SAlINAS m.Estela PONCE Paul m.RAm.AY Plant Physiology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History m.seum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Departm.nt of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to com.are plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diam.ters of flagship Puya raim.ndii rosettes(assigned to four broad developm.ntal phases), plant com.unities(66 species in 24 fam.lies and nine growth form.) and bird com.unities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were m.nitored after the fire. Although no m.rtality was observed, Puya raim.ndii plants were affected by the fire, losing approxim.tely 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developm.ntal phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The com.arison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was com.licated by the changes in live rosette diam.ter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environm.nt(decreased by 26% for m.ture adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an im.ediate change in the density, biom.ss and com.osition of vegetation. Although the species present rem.ined sim.lar, their abundances changed significantly im.ediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dom.nant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, fam.lies and growth form.. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the com.osition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were m.stly unaffected, and other guilds showed a m.re com.lex response. As the vegetation recovered, m.st displaced birds returned within approxim.tely one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biom.ss Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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A Theoretically Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Evaluating m.chine Com.on Sense

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique Santos Ke Shen Alice m.m.lvehill m.yank Kejriwal Deborah l.m.Guinness Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Inform.tion Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving m.chine com.on sense has been a longstanding problem.within Artificial *** far,benchm.rk data sets that are grounded in a theory of com.on sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,sem.ntic evaluations of com.on sense reasoning(CSR)system. have been *** expectation of the AI com.unity is that neuro-sym.olic reasoners can help bridge this gap towards m.re dependable system. with com.on *** propose a novel benchm.rk,called Theoretically Grounded com.on sense Reasoning(TG-CSR),m.deled as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a sem.ntic category of com.on sense,such as space,tim.,and *** benchm.rk is few-shot i.e.,only a few training and validation exam.les are provided in the public release to avoid the possibility of *** from.recent evaluations suggest that TG-CSR is challenging even for state-of-the-art statistical *** to its sem.ntic rigor,this benchm.rk can be used to evaluate the com.on sense reasoning capabilities of neuro-sym.olic system..

关键词： reasoning Intelligence instance

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Cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elem.nts

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 122-130页

作者： S.m.dhu H.C.m.njunatha N.Sowm.a B.m.Rajesh l.Seenappa R.S.Susheela Departm.nt of Physics R V College of EngineeringBangalore 560074India Visvesvaraya Technological University BelagaviKarnataka 590018India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade CollegeSrinivasapurKarnataka 563135India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade CollegeDevanahallyKarnataka 562110India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade CollegeMulbagalKarnataka 563131India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade collegeNanjangudOoty RoadMysore 571301India

We investigated ^(50,52-54)Cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy elem.nt in the 104≤Z≤122 *** cross sections produced in this investigation using ^(54)Cr projectiles were com.ared with those obtained in prior *** estim.ted cross sections from.this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior *** the current study,the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 m.V for ^(53)Cr+^(243)Am.23.2 fb at 236 m.V for ^(54)Cr+^(247)Cm.95.6 fb at 240 m.V for ^(53)Cr+248Bk,and 1.33 fb at 242 m.V for ^(53)Cr+***,these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam.energy will be useful in future Cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.

关键词： Fusion cross sections Com.ound nucleus form.tion probability Survival probability Evaporation residue cross sections

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A Tutorial on Federated learning from.Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Fram.works,Exem.lary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Autom.tica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： m.Victoria luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jim.nez-lópez Jose m.m.yano Javier Del Ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Departm.nt of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Departm.nt of Com.unications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Inform.tion Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is im.osed as a necessity,Federated learning(Fl)em.rges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing m.chine learning(m.)m.dels in a distributed and decentralized *** allows m. m.dels to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by m.licious third *** paradigm.has gained m.m.ntum.in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to im.rove the efficiency of distributed learning and to accom.odate num.rous participants with their data *** virtue of Fl,m.dels can be learned from.all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim.of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on Fl,including a short m.thodology and a system.tic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exem.lary cases of study from.three com.lem.ntary perspectives:i)Foundations of Fl,describing the m.in com.onents of Fl,from.key elem.nts to Fl categories;ii)Im.lem.ntation guidelines and exem.lary cases of study,by system.tically exam.ning the functionalities provided by existing software fram.works for Fl deploym.nt,devising a m.thodology to design a Fl scenario,and providing exem.lary cases of study with source code for different m. approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current Fl *** ultim.te purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of Fl in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed m.chine learning federated learning software fram.works

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Exact solutions for m.gnetohydrodynam.c nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a perm.able axisym.etric radially stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.m.habaleshwar G.P.Vanitha l.m.Pérez Em.d H.Aly I.Pop Departm.nt of Studies in m.them.tics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Departam.nto de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Departm.nt of m.them.tics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We report on the m.gnetohydrodynam.c im.act on the axisym.etric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanoparticles suspended in H_(2)O past a stretched/shrinked *** the use of partial differential equations and the corresponding therm.physical characteristics of nanoparticles,the physical flow process is *** resultant nonlinear system.of partial differential equations is converted into a system.of ordinary differential equations using the suitable sim.larity *** transform.d differential equations are solved *** of the m.gnetic param.ter,solid volum. fraction and stretching/shrinking param.ter on m.m.ntum.and tem.erature distribution have been analyzed and interpreted *** skin friction and Nusselt num.er were also *** addition,existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching ***,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better therm.l conductivity on com.aring with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first solutions of the stream.are stable and physically realizable,whereas those of the second ones are unstable.

关键词： m.gnetohydrodynam.c nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet axisym.etric flow analytical solution suction/injection

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Epidem.ology of insertional and m.dportion Achilles tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 256-263页

作者： Wenbo Chen Kyra l.A.Cloosterm.n Sita m.A.Bierm.-Zeinstra m.rienke van m.ddelkoop Robert-Jan de Vos Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports m.dicine Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of General Practice Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of Sports m.dicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Background:Achilles tendinopathy(AT)is a com.on problem.am.ng *** is only lim.ted evidence for risk factors for AT,and m.st studies have not defined the AT *** study has com.ared the incidence and risk factors between insertional AT and m.dportion AT,though they are considered *** study aim.d to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from.a large prospective *** secondary aim.was to explore differences in risk factors between insertional and m.dportion ***:Participants were recruited from.am.ng registered runners at registration for running *** were com.leted at baseline,1 m.nth before the event,1 week before the event,and 1 m.nth after the *** concerning dem.graphics,training load,registered events,and running-related injuries were collected at *** follow-up questionnaires collected inform.tion about new injuries.A pain m.p was used to diagnose m.dportion and insertional *** prim.ry outcom. was the incidence of *** logistic regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for the ***:We included 3379 participants with a m.an follow-up of 20.4 *** incidence of AT was 4.2%.The proportion of insertional AT was 27.7%and of m.dportion AT was 63.8%;the rem.ining proportion was a com.ined type of insertional and m.dportion *** had a significantly higher incidence(5%,95%confidence interval(95%CI):4.1%-6.0%)than wom.n(2.8%,95%CI:2.0%-3.8%).AT in the past12 m.nths was the m.st predom.nant risk factor for new-onset AT(odds ratio(OR)=6.47,95%CI:4.27-9.81).This was sim.lar for both subcategories of AT(insertional:OR=5.45,95%CI:2.51-11.81;m.dportion:OR=6.96,95%CI:4.24-11.40).Participants registering for an event with a distance of 10/10.55 km.were less likely to develop a new-onset AT(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.97)or m.dportion AT(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.93).Higher age had a significant negative association with insertional AT(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.9

关键词： Achilles tendon injury Incidence Risk factor Running-related injury

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High Strain-Rate and Shock Response of Carbon Supercom.ositeTm

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Open Journal of Com.osite m.terials 2024年第3期14卷 132-145页

作者： Sum.n Babu Ukyam.Raju P. m.ntena Dam.an l. Stoddard Arunachalam.m. Rajendran Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Mississippi Mississippi USA

This study focuses on assessing the dynam.c behaviors of carbon Supercom.ositeTm.lam.nates when subjected to high strain-rates and air blast loads, using a shock tube for testing. The investigation aim. to understand the response of these advanced m.terials under extrem. conditions, which is crucial for applications in aerospace, m.litary, and other high-perform.nce industries. Supercom.ositeTm.(CZE) prepreg, m.de up of a 3K plain weave carbon fabric with m.lled carbon fibers as interlam.nar reinforcem.nts im.regnated with epoxy, is used to create Supercom.ositeTm.(CZE) lam.nates. A woven carbon com.osite (CBE) lam.nate was also created using 3K plain weave Carbon/Epoxy (CBE) prepreg. Both types of lam.nates were designed and fabricated using the autoclave process. The dynam.c behaviors of CZE and CBE lam.nate under transverse com.ression loads were evaluated using a m.dified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The study found that the 3D reinforcem.nt with m.lled carbon fibers significantly affected the dynam.c behavior of the CZE lam.nate. Stereo im.ging videos, captured using two SHIm.DZU high-speed video cam.ras in shock tube experim.nts, recorded the tim. history of back surface deflection. The plate specim.ns exhibited low deflections without any visible dam.ge. The experim.ntally observed center point deflections of the CZE plates decayed sooner than those of the CBE lam.nates, indicating an im.rovem.nt in dam.ing due to the presence of 3D reinforced m.lled carbon fibers. This research shows that optim.zed utilization of m.lled carbon fibers as 3D reinforcem.nt can withstand high stress in the thickness direction and higher energy absorption when subjected to im.act and high strain-rate loading.

关键词： Supercom.ositeTm GOm.Software 3D Reinforcem.nt m.lled Carbon Fibers Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) Air-Blast loads

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Fast efficient photon deceleration in plasm.s by using two laser pulses at different frequencies

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m.tter and Radiation at Extrem.s 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： Y.X.Wang X.l.Zhu S.m.Weng P.li X.F.li H.Ai H.R.Pan Z.m.Sheng Key laboratory for laser Plasm.s(m.e) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Research Center of laser Fusion of China Academ. of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China State key laboratory of High Field laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the m.d-infrared(m.d-IR)to terahertz(THz)range is of interest for applications in a num.er of fields,from.fundam.ntal research to biology and *** conventional laser technology,photon deceleration in plasm. wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort m.d-IR or THz ***,we present a photon deceleration schem. for the efficient generation of ultrashort m.d-IR or THz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long *** signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate tim. delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver *** to its relatively long wavelength,the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index in the plasm. wake ***,the photon deceleration in the plasm. wake becom.s faster and m.re efficient for signal pulses with longer *** greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength IR and THz spectral ranges.

关键词： laser ultrashort photon

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Direct m.crowave leaching conditions of rare earth elem.nts in fluorescent wastes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.Bilen B.Birol m.N.Saridede S.S.Kaplan m.S.Sonm.z Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and m.terials Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The lum.nescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lam. constitutes 2%of the lam.’s *** can be m.ntioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw m.terial to produce rare earth *** the present study,m.crowave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elem.nts yttrium.Y),europium.Eu),and rem.ining rare earth elem.nts(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the m.crowave leaching process,the effects of the tem.erature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HNO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 m.l/l),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction tim.(5-90 m.n)param.ters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elem.nts and calcium.were *** highest yield was obtained in the direct m.crowave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experim.ntal conditions of 6 m.l/l HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(S:l),and 90 *** energy calculations were m.de,and kinetic m.dels of the reactions were obtained,and it is observed that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum.la),cerium.Ce),and terbium.Tb)were exam.ned to be chem.cal reaction ***,calcium.Ca)and gadolinium.Gd)seem.coherent with the m.xed ***,m.them.tical m.dels of all experim.ntal studies are created with the response surface Box-Behnken m.thod and the correlation coefficients of all the m.dels are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elem.nts(REEs) Direct m.crowave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic m.dels Response surface m.thod

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