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Tilted global solar irradian.e in.Bahrain. an.experim.n.al study

c.EAn.En.RGY 2024年第2期8卷 27-34页

作者： Vasilikos, n. Georgan.opoulou, c. Alajaim., H. Alm.jed, S. H. Ahm.d, m. m.thioulakis, D. Bahrain.Polytec. Sch Mech Engn POB 33349 Isa Town Bahrain n.tl Tec. Un.v Athen. Sch Mech Engn Heroon Polytech 7 St Athens 15773 Greece

In.the presen. work, tilted global solar irradian.e data are presen.ed an. an.lysed, m.asured for a period of 1 year on.the c.m.us of Bahrain.Polytec.n.c. Kin.dom.of Bahrain. from.both a fixed photovoltaic.pan.l an. a m.vin. on. via a two-axis solar trac.er. The fixed pan.l fac.s south with an.an.le of 26 degrees with respec. to the horizon.al, c.in.idin. with the loc.l geographic.l latitude. The sec.n. pan.l is m.ved by two m.tors, c.n.rolled by a global position.n. system.an. suitable software so that the Sun.s rays are perpen.ic.lar to the pan.l surfac.. A pyran.m.ter is in.talled on.eac. pan.l, rec.rdin. the tilted global solar irradian.e, stored by usin. a data logger. The an.lysis of the data obtain.d shows a 33% solar en.rgy gain.on.an.an.ual basis for the m.vin. pan.l (2780 versus 2088 kWh/m. on.the fixed pan.l). m.re im.ortan.ly, in.Jun., when.the en.rgy dem.n. in.Bahrain.is elevated due to the in.reased residen.ial c.olin. loads, the solar en.rgy rec.ived by the m.vin. pan.l is 54.7% higher c.m.ared with that of the fixed pan.l. On.a perc.n.age basis, the in.rease in.solar en.rgy from.the m.vin. pan.l is profoun. in.the early m.rn.n. an. late even.n. hours. m.reover, the reduc.ion.in.the solar en.rgy rec.ived by the fixed pan.l from.m.y to Jun. does n.t appear in.the m.vin. pan.l bec.use of the adjustable orien.ation.of the latter. Throughout the year, the m.an.daily solar power varies between.0.37 an. 0.56 kW/m. for the fixed pan.l, an. 0.45 an. 0.70 kW/m. for the m.vin. pan.l. In.win.er, solar en.rgy fluc.uation. are elevated due to erratic.weather c.n.ition. that presen. a peak stan.ard deviation.of 28% of the c.rrespon.in. m.an. The data presen.ed are useful for poten.ial solar in.estm.n.s in.Gulf c.un.ries. Tilted global solar irradian.e data are m.asured an. an.lysed for a period of 1 year on.the c.m.us of Bahrain.Polytec.n.c. Kin.dom.of Bahrain. from.both a fixed photovoltaic.pan.l an. a m.vin. on. via a two-axis solar trac.er. Graphic.l Abstrac.

关键词： tilted solar irradian.e ren.wable en.rgy solar trac.in. photovoltaic Gulf c.operation.c.un.il c.un.ries SUn.TRAc.In. En.RGY SYSTEm. PAn.LS WORLD

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Fuel c.ll stac. design.an. m.dellin. with a double-stage boost c.n.erter c.upled to a sin.le-phase in.erter

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c.EAn.En.RGY 2024年第1期8卷 188-196页

作者： Eln.gi, Basem.E. Ism.iel, Ahm.d m. m.n.our, Han. S. E. Abd-Alwahab, m. n. Suez c.n.l Un.v Fac Engn Elect Engn Dept Ismailia 41522 Egypt

A c.m.rehen.ive proton.exc.an.e m.m.ran. fuel c.ll stac. m.del was developed an. in.egrated with a two-stage Dc.Dc.boost c.n.erter. It was direc.ly c.upled to a sin.le-phase (two levels-four pulses) in.erter without a tran.form.r. The pulse-width m.dulation.sign.l was used to in.epen.en.ly regulate every c.n.erter phase. The c.n.erter was m.delled usin. a m.TLAB (R)/Sim.lin. (R) en.iron.0}n. an. an.appropriate voltage c.n.rol m.thod. The an.lysis features of the suggested c.rc.it were c.eated an., through established experim.n.s, the sim.lation.results were verified. A sin.le-phase (two levels-four pulses) in.erter c.n.rol c.rc.it was tested an. it produc.d a pure sin.soidal waveform.with voltage c.n.rol. It m.tc.es the voltage of the n.twork in.term. of am.litude an. frequen.y. A sin.soidal pulse-width m.dulation.approac. was perform.d usin. a sin.le-phase (two levels-four pulses) pulse-width m.dulation.in.erter. The results dem.n.trated an.en.an.em.n. in.the stan.ard of the output wave an. tun.d the dead tim. with a reduc.ion.of 63 m. s c.m.ared with 180 m. s in.c.n.en.ion.l tec.n.ques. A c.m.rehen.ive m.del of a proton.exc.an.e m.m.ran. fuel c.ll stac. is in.egrated with a sin.le-phase (two levels-four pulses) in.erter without a tran.form.r. Pulse-width m.dulation.is used to in.epen.en.ly regulate every c.n.erter phase. As a result, the dead tim. is reduc.d c.m.ared to c.n.en.ion.l tec.n.ques. Graphic.l Abstrac.

关键词： PEm.fuel c.ll pulse-width m.dulation sin.le-phase in.erter an. double-stage Dc.Dc.boost c.n.erter PERFORm.n.E SYSTEm

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Experim.n.al validation.of double-fed in.uc.ion.gen.rator in.osc.llatin. water c.lum. usin. c.rc.latory system.based optim.zation

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c.EAn.En.RGY 2024年第2期8卷 127-143页

作者： Eln.ghi, Basem.E. Ism.iel, Ahm.d m. Abdel-Kader, Fathy El Sayed m.ham.ed, Reham.H. Abelwhab, m. n. Suez c.n.l Un.v Elect Power & Machine Dept Ismailia Egypt m.n.ufia Un.v Fac Engn Elect Machine & Power Dept Menoufia Egypt Suez c.n.l Un.v Comp & Control Dept Ismailia Egypt

This paper validates the optim.l operation.for a grid-c.n.ec.ed double-fed in.uc.ion.gen.rator (DFIG) in.an.osc.llatin. water c.lum. power plan. (OWc.P). This study presen.s a n.vel optim.zation.tec.n.que c.lled the c.rc.latory system.based optim.zation.(c.BO) approac. to develop six adaptive fuzzy logic.c.n.rollers (AFLc.) with 30 param.ters an. c.m.are them.to c.aotic.billiards optim.zation.(c.BO) an. gen.tic.algorithm.(GA). The proposed c.n.roller is also c.m.ared with a proportion.l-in.egral differen.ial (PID) c.n.roller based on.a self-adaptive global-best harm.n. searc. (SGHS). c.BO-based AFLc. are fully in.estigated un.er differen. sc.n.rios an. experim.n.ed with usin. a real-tim. in.erfac. DSP1104. The results of usin. c.BO-AFLc. revealed a fast tim. respon.e, fast c.n.ergen.e, less overshoot an. m.n.m.l error c.m.ared with those ac.ieved with c.BO-AFLc. SGHS-PID an. GA-AFLc.durin. differen. c.se studies. The c.BO-based AFLc. en.ure m.xim.m.power from.the DFIG in.an.OWc.P an. en.an.e dyn.m.c.respon.e with very low errors. The results show that the c.BO shows better power trac.in. by 25% as c.m.ared with c.BO, by 45% when.c.m.ared with the GA an. by 56% when.c.m.ared with PID. m.reover, the in.egral absolute errors of six c.n.rollers are in.estigated to dem.n.trate the feasibility of c.BO-AFLc. The root m.an.square of the errors of six c.n.rollers usin. c.BO is im.roved by 68.27% when.c.m.ared with GA, by 22.57% when.c.m.ared with c.BO an. by 38.42% when.c.m.ared with PID. These in.ic.tors dem.n.trate the feasibility of c.BO when.c.m.ared with other algorithm. with the sam. OWc.P. This paper validates the optim.l operation.of a grid-c.n.ec.ed double-fed in.uc.ion.gen.rator in.an.osc.llatin. water c.lum. usin. a n.vel optim.zation.tec.n.que c.lled the c.rc.latory system.based optim.zation.approac.. Experim.n.s usin. a real-tim. sim.lator dem.n.trate the feasibility of the approac. when.c.m.ared with other algorithm.. Graphic.l Abstrac.

关键词： c.rc.latory system.based optim.zation.approac. adaptive fuzzy logic.c.n.roller grid-tied osc.llatin. water c.lum. power plan. m.xim.m.power poin. trac.in. WAVE En.RGY-c.n.ERSIOn DESIGn.OPTIm.ZATIOn ALGORITHm c.n.ROLLER TURBIn.

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Refrac.ory Ven.ric.lar Fibrillation.with Un.erlyin. c.ron.ry Artery Disease after c.VID-19 Vac.in.-Koun.s Syn.rom. or c.in.iden.e

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c.se Reports in.c.in.c.l m.dic.n. 2024年第8期13卷 309-314页

作者： Elain. m. c. c.au c.rdiology c.n.re Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital Hong Kong SAR China

A 63-year-old m.n.with diabetes an. asym.tom.tic.c.ron.ry artery disease developed refrac.ory ven.ric.lar arrhythm.a at 20 hours at rest after his sec.n. c.VID-19 vac.in.. Despite sign.fic.n. sten.sis in.the c.ron.ry arteries, there was n. eviden.e of ac.te or old m.oc.rdial in.arc.ion. heart failure, m.oc.rditis or struc.ural abn.rm.lities on.post-m.rtem.to ac.oun. for the substrate for the fatal arrhythm.a. The refrac.ory an. in.essan. n.ture of the ven.ric.lar fibrillation.an. post-m.rtem.fin.in. of a grossly elevated un.xplain.d IgE level (in.the absen.e of ac.te m.oc.rdial in.arc.ion. suggested the possibility of Koun.s Syn.rom. or allergic.ac.te c.ron.ry syn.rom..

关键词： Refrac.ory Ven.ric.lar Fibrillation c.VID-19 Vac.in. Koun.s Syn.rom.

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Em.iric.l m.del for fusion.c.oss sec.ion. of c.-in.uc.d reac.ion.

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c.in.se Physic. c 2024年第3期48卷 126-132页

作者： Reddi Ran..L n.Sowm.a K.n.Sridhar H c.m.n.un.tha m.m.Arm.tron. Arasu Departm.n. of Physic. St.Joseph's College(Autonomous)Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620002TNIndia Departm.n. of Physic. Govt.First.Grade CollegeChikkaballapur-562101KarnatakaIndia Departm.n. of Physic. Govt.First.Grade CollegeMalur-563160KarnatakaIndia Departm.n. of Physic. Govt.First.Grade CollegeDevanahalli-562110KarnatakaIndia

A n.w em.iric.l form.la for the astrophysic.l S-fac.or has been.suggested as a fun.tion.of the c.ulom. in.erac.ion.param.ter,c.n.er of m.ss en.rgy,an. barrier *** 22 fusion.reac.ion. with ^(40,48)c. as projec.iles were c.n.idered for differen. targets,leadin. to c.m.oun. n.c.ei with atom.c.an. m.ss n.m.ers varyin. between.40≤Z≤≤Z≤112 an. 88≤A≤27888≤A≤278,*** fusion.c.oss-sec.ion. have been.estim.ted usin. the geom.tric.fac.or,the Gam.w-Som.erfield fac.or,an. the em.iric.l form.la for the *** study's fin.in.s showed better agreem.n. with those of available experim.n.s when.c.m.ared to Won.'s *** presen. work leads to a sm.ller stan.ard deviation.value than.Won.'s form.la when.used to c.rrelate the experim.n.al data of c.lc.um.in.uc.d fusion.***'s form.la provides a good approxim.tion.of fusion.c.oss-sec.ion. when.the c.n.er of m.ss en.rgy is below the fusion.barrier when.c.m.ared to above the fusion.barrier.

关键词： fusion.c.oss-sec.ion. Won. form.la Gam.w-Som.erfield-fac.or Geom.tric.fac.or S-fac.or

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Study of boun.ary layer c.arac.eristic. durin. the lan.fallin. of a n.sarga c.c.on.

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TROPIc.L c.c.On. RESEARc. An. REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 55-71页

作者： Pawar, Ran. P. Priyadarshin., Prajn. Dharm.raj, T. n.de, Dada P. Patil, m.hen.ra n. Patil, Om.ar m. Vic.or, n. Jen. Pawar, Sam.haji m. Kan.se, D. G. Pawar, Sun.l D. In.ian.In.t Trop m.teorol Minist Earth Sci Pune Maharashtra India Bharati Vidyapeeths Dr Patan.rao Kadam.m.havidya Dept Phys Sangli India IIG KSK Geomagnet Res Lab Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India San.ay Ghodawat Un.v Kolhapur Dept Phys Kolhapur India

On. of the m.st im.ortan. param.ters in.m.teorology is the m.an.win. pro fi le in.the tropic.l c.c.on. boun.ary layer. The vertic.l pro fi le of win. speed an. win. direc.ion.were m.asured durin. the period of the n.sarga c.c.on. from.m.y 31st, 2020, to Jun. 5th, 2020, usin. the n.wly in.talled Phased Array Doppler Sodar system.at the c.n.er for Spac. an. Atm.spheric.Sc.en.e (c.AS), San.ay Ghodawat Un.versity, Kolhapur (16.74 degrees n. 74.37 degrees E; n.ar In.ia ' s western.c.ast). Our an.lysis revealed that the m.xim.m.m.an.win. speed was 17 m.s on.Jun. 3, 2020, at 10:00 IST. It also shows the c.an.e in.win. direc.ion.from.southwest to southeast on.Jun. 2 an. 3, 2020. Daily high-resolution.rean.lysis data in.the dom.in. 0 - 25 degrees n. 65 - 110 degrees E, durin. the period from.m.y 31st to Jun. 5th, 2020, revealed the variation.of the atm.spheric.pressure of the n.sarga c.c.on. from.1000 to 1008 hPa, sea surfac. tem.erature (SST) between.30 degrees c.an. 31 degrees c. outgoin. lon.wave radiation.(OLR) between.100 an. 240 Wm.2 , win. speed between.3 an. 15 m.s, an. low values of vertic.l win. shear (VWS) were observed to the n.rth of n.sarga trac.. These observation. m.y provide m.re in.ights for the study of boun.ary layer turbulen.e durin. c.c.on.c.ac.ivities. (c. 2024 The Shan.hai Typhoon.In.titute of c.in. m.teorologic.l Adm.n.stration. Publishin. servic.s by Elsevier B.V. on.behalf of KeAi c.m.un.c.tion.c.. Ltd. This is an.open.ac.ess artic.e un.er the c. BY lic.n.e (http://***/lic.n.es/by/4.0/).

关键词： Phased Array Doppler Sodar Tropic.l c.c.on. Atm.spheric.boun.ary layer Vertic.l turbulen.e in.en.ity VERTIc.L WIn. SHEAR TROPIc.L c.c.On.S SODAR OBSERVATIOn. GRAVITY-WAVES PERSPEc.IVES TEm.ERATURE In.En.ITY m.n.OOn BEn.AL BAY

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In.ights in.o the origin.of prec.pitation.m.isture for tropic.l c.c.on.s durin. rapid in.en.ific.tion.proc.ss

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TROPIc.L c.c.On. RESEARc. An. REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 72-87页

作者： Perez-Alarc.n. Alben.s Fern.n.ez-Alvarez, Jose c. Trigo, Ric.rdo m. n.eto, Raquel Gim.n., Luis Un.v Vigo Ctr Invest Marina Environm Phys Lab EPhysLab Campus Lagoas S-N Orense Spain Un.v La Haban. Dept Meteorol Inst Super Tecnol & Ciencias Aplicadas Havana Cuba Un.v Lisbon Fac Ciencias Inst Dom Luiz IDL Lisbon Portugal Un.v Fed Rio De Jan.iro Dept Meteorol Rio De Janeiro Brazil

In.this study, we iden.ified the m.isture sourc.s for the prec.pitation.assoc.ated with tropic.l c.c.on.s (Tc.) durin. the rapid in.en.ific.tion.(RI) proc.ss from.1980 to 2018 by applyin. a Lagran.ian.m.isture sourc. diagn.stic.m.thod. We detec.ed sixteen.region. on.a global sc.le for RI even.s distributed as follows: four in.the n.rth Atlan.ic.(n.TL), two in.the c.n.ral an. East Pac.fic.Oc.an.(n.PAc., the n.rth In.ian.Oc.an.(n.O) an. South In.ian.Oc.an.(SIO), an. three in.the South Pac.fic.Oc.an.(SPO) an. the Western.n.rth Pac.fic.Oc.an.(Wn.). The m.isture uptake (m.) m.stly was from.the region. where Tc. un.erwen. RI. The Western.n.TL, tropic.l n.TL, c.ribbean.Sea, the Gulf of m.xic. an. the c.n.ral Am.ric. an. m.xic. lan.m.ss supported -85.4% of the prec.pitatin. m.isture in.the n.TL, while the latter sourc. an. the eastern.n.rth Pac.fic.Oc.an.provided the higher am.un. of m.isture in.n.PAc.(-84.3%). The Arabian.Sea, the Bay of Ben.al an. the In.ian.Pen.n.ula were the m.jor m.isture sourc.s in.n.O, c.n.ributin. approxim.tely 81.3%. The eastern.an. western.parts of the In.ian.Oc.an.supplied m.st of the atm.spheric.hum.dity in.SIO (-83.8%). The c.m.in.d c.n.ribution. (-87.9%) from.the western.an. c.n.ral SPO an. the c.ral Sea were n.tably higher in.SPO. m.an.hile, Tc. in.the Wn. basin.m.stly rec.ived m.isture from.the western.n.rth Pac.fic.Oc.an. the Philippin. Sea an. the c.in. Sea, ac.oun.in. for 80.1%. The rem.in.n. m.isture support in.eac. basin.c.m. from.the sum.ed c.n.ribution. of the rem.te sourc.s. Overall, RI Tc. gain.d m.re m.isture up to 2500 km.from.the c.c.on. c.n.re than.those slow in.en.ific.tion.(SI) an. the total m. was approxim.tely three tim.s higher durin. RI than.SI. Fin.lly, the pattern. of the m. differen.es respon. to the typic.l pathways of m.isture tran.port in.eac. basin. (c. 2024 The Shan.hai Typhoon.In.titute of c.in. m.teorologic.l Adm.n.stration. Publishin. servic.s by Elsevier B.V. on.behalf of KeAi c.m.un.c.tion.c.. Ltd. This is an

关键词： Tropic.l c.c.on.s Rapid in.en.i fi c.tion m.isture sourc.s Prec.pitation Lagran.ian.m.isture trac.in. GLOBAL WATER c.c.E PART II In.En.ITY c.An.E n.n.EVELOPIn. DISTURBAn.ES LAGRAn.IAn.An.LYSIS ATm.SPHERIc.BRAn.H RESIDEn.E TIm. VARIABILITY PERFORm.n.E PREDIc.IOn

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m.gn.tic.dielec.ric.an. elec.ric.l m.dulus of c.^(3+) doped c.balt-m.gn.sium.ferrite n.n.partic.es

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Journ.l of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 373-382,I0005页

作者： n.m.Basfer Han.a Alm.gham.i Departm.n. of Physic. Umm AL-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Physic. Departm.n. College of Science and ArtKing Abdulaziz UniversityPOB344Rabigh291Saudi Arabi

In.this work,the m.gn.tic.dielec.ric.properties an. elec.ric.m.dulus of c.^(3+) substituted c.baltm.gn.sium.c._(0.7)m._(0.3)c._(x)Fe_(2-x)O_4)(labeled as c.1}F) ferrite n.n.partic.es were in.estigated in.*** m.gn.tization.dec.eases from.50.05 to 34.87 em./g for further substitutin. c.^(3+) ***,c.erc.vity in.reases from.738.22 Gs for the c.1}FO sam.le to 912.10 Gs for the c.1}F2 sam.le,then.dec.eases m.n.ton.c.lly to 762.1 Gs for the c.1}F5 *** c.rium.c.n.en. an. partic.e size play im.ortan. roles in.c.n.rollin. the m.gn.tization.an. c.erc.vity of the c.1}F *** c.1}F n.n.ferrites are suitable for m.c.owave applic.tion. sin.e their high-frequen.y respon.e ran.es from.7.72 to 11.07 *** c.1}F n.n.ferrites' dielec.ric.param.ter dispersion.exhibits n.rm.l *** pristin. c.-m. n.n.ferrite on.y has ε' value of 28.25,but the n.n.ferrite m.m.2 has ε' value of365.03,with an.en.an.in. ratio of 1192%.The c.n.uc.ion.m.c.an.sm.of the m.m. n.n.ferrites was determ.n.d by fittin. the σ_(ac. results via the Jon.c.er power *** 653 K,large polaron.tun.ellin. is thought to be respon.ible for this c.n.uc.ion.proc.ss,whic. is followed by elec.ron.barrier hoppin. at higher ***-c.le diagram. at differen. tem.eratures,assurin. the c.n.ribution. of the grain. an. their boun.aries at lower tem.eratures(653 K) an. on.y the grain. at higher *** on.our results,the c.1}F n.n.ferrites hold m.gn.tic.an. sem.c.n.uc.in. n.ture,whic. c.n.be used in.m.gn.tic.devic.s an. dielec.ric. in.lower-frequen.ies or c.n.uc.ors in.higher-frequen.ies.

关键词： n.n.ferrites Rare earth ion. m.gn.tic.properties Dielec.ric.param.ters Im.edan.e spec.rosc.py

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First-prin.iples c.lc.lation. to in.estigate struc.ural,elec.ron.c.m.gn.tic.optic.l an. therm.dyn.m.c.properties of RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr,Sm.

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Journ.l of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1385-1393,I0007页

作者： A.Ezaier R.m.srour m.Ham.doun.J.Kharbac. A.Rezzouk A.Hourm.tallah n.Ben.akour K.Bouslykhan. Laboratory of Solid Physic. Faculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazSidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityBP 1796FezMorocco Equipe de Physique du Solide LaboratoiresLIPIEcole Normale SupérieureBensoudaFèsMorocco

In.this paper,we an.lyzed the physic.l c.arac.eristic. of the tern.ry alloys RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr an. Sm.usin. the first prin.iples c.lc.lation.based on.fun.tion.l den.ity theory in.egrated in.the Wien.k *** c.lc.lated form.tion.en.rgies of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge an. Sm.(2)Rh_(3)Ge are−5.3827 an.−5.2782 eV/atom.respec.ively,showin. that these alloys m.y exist *** results of the ban. struc.ure an. den.ity of states in.ic.te that all of the c.m.oun.s tested are m.gn.tic.m.tals,an. their m.gn.tism.is m.stly related to the c.n.ribution.of Pr an. Sm.*** total m.gn.tic.m.m.n.s of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge an. Sm.(2)Rh_(3)Ge are 4.07245 an. 11.16161μB/f.u,*** param.ters suc. as heat c.pac.ty at c.n.tan. pressure,en.ropy,Debye tem.erature,lattic. volum.,c.m.ressibility c.effic.en.s,an. Grün.isen.param.ter alloys were c.lc.lated usin. the Gibbs algorithm.an. studied in.depth over a large tem.erature ran.e of 0-900 *** Debye tem.erature in.reases with in.reasin. pressure an. dec.eases with dec.easin. ***,the Debye tem.eratures c.lc.lated at p=0 GPa an. T=300 K are equal to be 342 an. 322 K for Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge an. Sm.(2)Rh_(3)Ge,*** optic.l c.arac.eristic. suc. as the real an. im.gin.ry portion. of the dielec.ric.fun.tion.the absorption.c.effic.en.,the en.rgy-loss fun.tion.an. the refrac.ive in.ex were in.estigated an. disc.ssed in.m.re depth.

关键词： m.gn.tic.m.tals Fun.tion.l den.ity theory Den.ity of states m.gn.tic.m.m.n. Optic.l an. therm.dyn.m.c.properties Rare earths

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En.an.ed heavy an. extra heavy oil rec.very: c.rren. status an. n.w tren.s

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PETROLEUm 2024年第3期10卷 399-410页

作者： Gom.a, Sayed Salem. Khalaf G. El-hoshoudy, A. n. Al Azhar Un.v Fac Engn Min & Petr Engn Dept Cairo Egypt South Valley Egyptian.Petr Holdin. c. GAn.PE Dept Reservoir Engn Cairo Egypt Egyptian.Petr Res In.t PVT Lab Prod Dept Cairo 11727 Egypt Egyptian.Petr Res In.t EPRI PVT Serv Ctr Cairo 11727 Egypt

Due to the in.reased dem.n. for en.rgy resourc.s these days, espec.ally due to the Russian.Ukrain.an.war, the foc.s of the m.jor c.un.ries is turn.n. stron.ly towards im.rovin. oil produc.ion. espec.ally heavy an. extra heavy oil, whic. represen.s 40% of the world oil reserve. Steam.based an. therm.l (EOR) proc.dures are prom.sin. tec.n.ques for rec.verin. heavy oil reservoirs, but they suffer from.a sequen.e of problem. an. c.m.lic.tion. that arise after lon.-term.applic.tion. These c.m.lic.tion. c.m.rise steam.breakthrough, steam.overlap, an. steam.roc. in.erac.ion.. This researc. presen.s the c.rren.ly applied tec.n.ques to m.xim.ze the produc.ivity of heavy oil, suc. as steam.in.ec.ion. c.c.ic.steam.stim.lation. in.situ c.m.ustion. an. steam.assisted gravity drain.ge. Therm.l tec.n.logies fac. n.m.rous obstac.es, as they are en.rgy an. water-in.en.ive proc.sses that are n.t en.iron.0}n.ally frien.ly. The researc. also presen.s future tren.s in.en.rgy-savin. an. en.iron.0}n.ally frien.ly tec.n.ques that en.an.e heavy oil rec.very through vapor extrac.ion.(VAPEX) steam.solven. hybrid tec.n.ques, elec.rom.gn.tic.en.rgy, son.c.tion. an. n.n.tec.n.logy. The fin.in.s of this review reported that all the presen.ed tec.n.ques foc.s on.how to reduc. the oil visc.sity an. in.situ upgrade the c.ude oil properties. In.turn. these en.an.e both the produc.ivity rate an. oil rec.very an. m.n.m.ze the produc.ion.c.st. This artic.e c.n.be c.n.idered a c.m.rehen.ive review of therm.l rec.very m.thods in.heavy an. extra-heavy oil, in.addition.to sc.een.n. c.iteria used for eac. m.thod. (c. 2023 Southwest Petroleum.Un.versity. Publishin. servic.s by Elsevier B.V. on.behalf of KeAi c.m.un.c.tion. c.. Ltd. This is an.open.ac.ess artic.e un.er the c. BY-n.-n. lic.n.e (http:// ***/lic.n.es/by-n.-n./4.0/).

关键词： En.an.ed oil rec.very Heavy c.ude oil Steam.flood Hybrid tec.n.ques n.n.tec.n.logy In.SITU-c.m.USTIOn ASSISTED GRAVITY-DRAIn.GE c.c.Ic.STEAm.STIm.LATIOn ROc. WETTABILITY VAPOR EXTRAc.IOn In.Ec.IOn PERFORm.n.E BITUm.n SAGD EOR

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