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Poor Reproducibility in the Evaluation of Paranasal Sinus X-Rays in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第1期7卷 23-34页

作者： A. Luukkainen E. Terna J. Num.inen A. m.rkkola P. Dastidar J. Jarnstedt H. Huhtala m. karjalainen K. Blom.ren P. Kauppi m. Rautiainen S. Toppila-Salm. Transplantation Laboratory Haartman Institute University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Departm.nt of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Departm.nt of Ear and Oral Diseases Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland University of Helsinki and HUS Im.ging Helsinki Finland m.dical Im.ging Centre Department of Radiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland School of Health Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland Departm.nt of Otorhinolaryngology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland Departm.nt of Allergy University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland Departm.nt of Otorhinolaryngology University of Tampere Tampere Finland

Objective: The aim.of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of sinus x-rays in com.arison to sinus com.uted tom.graphy (CT) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. m.thods: This was a prospective controlled study for which 14 adult CRS patients were recruited. Patients underwent a sinus m.lti-detector CT scan as well as additional sinus x-rays at the sam. tim.. Sym.tom.interview and skin prick tests were perform.d. Lund-m.ckay (Lm. scores and 43 other findings in paranasal sinuses were analyzed by three blinded observers from.CT-scans and x-rays. We com.ared agreem.nt between sinus CT and x-rays (intra-observer reproducibility) and between three observers (inter-observer reproducibility) by Cohen’s kappa. Results: In at least 90% of the cases, the status of 47/49 structures was detectable in CT scans, whereas the status of only 8/49 structures was detectable in x-rays. The m.jority of the 25 visualized structures had poor intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility. Conclusion: Only a few structures can be visualized in paranasal sinus x-rays and com.ared to paranasal sinus CT-scans, their reproducibility is poor. Our results strongly support the current consensus of radiation dose reduction by lim.ting the num.er of x-rays.

关键词： Sinusitis Paranasal Sinus Com.uted Tom.graphy m.gnetic Resonance Im.ging X-Ray

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Observations on the Form.tion of Ultrafine Ferrite Grain Size in Steels by Physical Sim.lation Routes

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2003年第z1期19卷 112-114页

作者： L.X. Pan L.P. karjalainen m. C. Som.ni University of Oulu Department of Mechanical Engineering P.O. Box 4200 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland University of Oulu Department of Mechanical Engineering P.O. Box 4200 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland University of Oulu Department of Mechanical Engineering P.O. Box 4200 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland

Som. observations are reported on the sim.lation of two therm.m.chanical routes to produce ultrafine ferrite grainsize in steels. One C-m. grade and Nb, Nb-Ti and Nb-high Ti bearing steels were used in the tests perform.d ona Gleeble sim.lator and a laboratory rolling m.ll. The routes included severe hot deform.tion of prior grain-refinedaustenite at the tem.erature close to Ar3 (DIF) and static recrystallization of fine-grained cold-rolled m.rtensite(SRm.. It was observed that the hot deform.tion induces the form.tion of ferrite above the Ar3 tem.erature of thesteel, but severe reductions are required for the com.lete transform.tion. Strain of 1.2 can result in about 70% offerrite with the grain size of about 1.4～2μm.in all the studied steels. Sim.larly, in short annealing of cold-workedm.rtensite, the static recrystallization can also lead to a grain size of about 1.5 μm. The distribution of carbonvaries in the m.crostructures, carbon being in the second phase in the DIF route and in carbide particles in the SRm.oute, which m.y have a significant influence on the m.chanical properties and the therm.l stability of ultrafine grainstructure.

关键词： Ultrafine grain size, Steels, Physical sim.lation, Strain-induced ferrite, Cold rolling and annealing

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Im.ROVING THE m.CHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER ALLOYS BY THERm.-m.CHANICAL PROCESSING

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第2期17卷 111-117页

作者： m.C.Som.ni L.P.karjalainen Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Oulu90014 OuluFinlandDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Oulu90014 OuluFinland

System.tic physical sim.lation of therm.-m.chanical processing routes has been ap-plied on a Gleeble 1500 sim.lator to four copper alloys (m.ss %) Cu-0.57Co-0.32Si,Cu-0.55Cr-0.065P, Cu-0.22Zr-0.035Si and Cu-1.01Ni-0.43Si aim.d at clarifying theinfluences of processing conditions on their final properties, strength and electricalconductivity. Flow curves were determ.ned over wide tem.erature and strain rateranges. Hardness was used as a m.asure of the strength level achieved. High hard-ness was obtained as using equal am.unts (strains 0.5) of cold deform.tion beforeand after the precipitation annealing stage. The m.xim.m.values achieved for theCu-Co-Si, Cu-Cr-P, Cu-Zr-Si and Cu-Ni-Si alloys were 190, 165, 178 and 193 HV5,respectively. A therm.-m.chanical schedule involving the hot deform.tion-ageing-colddeform.tion stages showed even better results for the Cu-Zr-Si alloy. Consequently,the processing routes were designed based on sim.lation test results and wires of 5 and2m. in diam.ters have been successfully processed in the industrial scale.

关键词： copper allys therm.-m.chanical processing ageing strength flow stress hardness

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DISCREPANCIES IN THE REGRESSION m.DELLING OF RECRYSTALLIZATION RATE AS USING THE DATA FROm.PHYSICAL SIm.LATION TESTS

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第3期17卷 221-228页

作者： L.P.karjalainen m.C.Som.ni S.F.m.dina Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of OuluFIN-90014 OuluFinlandDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of OuluFIN-90014 OuluFinlandCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Metallurgicas(CENIM-CSIC) ES-28040 m.drid Spain

The analysis of num.rous experim.ntal equations published in the literature reveals awide scatter in the predictions for the static recrystallization kinetics of steels. Thepowers of the deform.tion variables, strain and strain rate, sim.larly as the powerof the grain size vary in these equations. These differences are highlighted and thetypical values are com.ared between torsion and com.ression tests. Potential errorsin physical sim.lation testing are discussed.

关键词： physical sim.lation static recrystallization regression m.deling hot working steel

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Effects of Plastic Deform.tion and Stresses on Dilatation duringthe m.rtensitic Transform.tion in a B-bearing Steel

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2001年第2期17卷 203-206页

作者： m. C.Som.ni and L.P.karjalainen Dept. of m.chanical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland m. Oldenburg and m.Eriksson Dept. of m.chanical Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden Univ Oulu Dept Engn Mech Oulu Finland Lulea Univ Technol Dept Engn Mech S-95187 Lulea Sweden

To provide data for im.roved m.delling of the behaviour of steel com.onents in a sim.ltaneous form.ng and quenching process, the effects of plastic deform.tion and stresses on dilatation during the m.rtensitic transform.tion in a B-bearing steel were investigated. It was found that plastic deform.tion of austenite at high tem.eratures enhances ferrite form.tion significantly, and consequently, the dilatation decreases m.rkedly even at a cooling rate of 280'C/s. The created ferritic-m.rtensitic m.crostructure possesses clearly lower hardness and strength than the m.rtensitic structure. Elastic stresses cause the preferred orientation in m.rtensite to be form.d so that diam.tric dilatation can increase by nearly 200% under axial com.ression.

关键词： Effects of Plastic Deform.tion and Stresses on Dilatation duringthe m.rtensitic Transform.tion in a B-bearing Steel

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Observations on the Form.tion of Ultrafine Ferrite Grain Size in Steels by Physical Sim.lation Routes

Observations on the Formation of Ultrafine Ferrite Grain Siz...

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The Fourth International Conference on Physical and Num.rical Sim.lation of m.terials Processing (ICPNS’2004)

作者： L.P.karjalainen m.C.Som.ni University of Oulu Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering P.O.Box 4200 FIN-90014 Oulu FINLAND University of Oulu Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering P.O.Box 4200 FIN-90014 Oulu FINLAND

Som. observations are reported on the sim.lation of two therm.-m.chanical routes to produce ultra-fine ferrite grain size in steels. One C-m. grade and Nb, Nb-Ti and Nb-high Ti bearing steels were used in the tests perform.d on a Gleeble sim.lator and a laboratory rolling m.ll. The routes included severe hot deform.tion of prior grain-refined austenite at the tem.eratures close to Ar3 (DIF) and static recrystallization of fine-grained cold-rolled m.rtensite (SRm.. It was observed that the hot deform.tion induces the form.tion of ferrite above the Ar3 tem.erature of the steel, but severe reductions are required for the com.lete transform.tion. Strain of 1.2 can result in about 70% of ferrite with the grain size of about 1.4 - 2 urn in all the studied steels. Sim.larly, in short annealing of cold-worked m.rtensite, the static recrystallization can also lead to a grain size of about 1.5 μm. The distribution of carbon varies in the m.crostructures. carbon being in the second phase in the DIF route and in carbide particles in the SRm.route, which m.y have a significant influence on the m.chanical properties and the therm.l stability of ultrafine grain structure.

关键词： Ultrafine grain size Steels Physical sim.lation Strain-induced ferrite Cold rolling and annealing

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Im.roving the m.chanical Properties of Copper Alloys by Therm.-m.chanical Processing

Improving the Mechanical Properties of Copper Alloys by Ther...

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The Fourth International Conference on Physical and Num.rical Sim.lation of m.terials Processing (ICPNS’2004)

作者： m.C.Som.ni L.P.karjalainen University of Oulu Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering 4KOm. P.O. Box 4200 90014 Oulu FINLAND University of Oulu Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering 4KOm. P.O. Box 4200 90014 Oulu FINLAND

System.tic physical sim.lation of therm.-m.chanical processing routes has been applied on a Gleeble 1500 sim.lator to four copper alloys (wt-%) Cu-0.57Co-0.32Si, Cu-0.55Cr-0.065P/Cu-0.22Zr-0.035Si and Cu-l.01Ni-0.43Si aim.d at clarifying the influences of processing conditions on their final properties, strength and electrical conductivity. Flow curves were determ.ned over wide tem.erature and strain rate ranges. Hardness was used as a m.asure of the strength level achieved. High hardness was obtained as using equal am.unts (strains 0.5) of cold deform.tion before and after the precipitation annealing stage. The m.xim.m.values achieved for the Cu-Co-Si, Cu-Cr-P, Cu-Zr-Si and Cu-Ni-Si alloys were 190, 165, 178 and 193 HV5, respectively. A therm.-m.chanical schedule involving the hot deform.tion-ageing-cold deform.tion stages showed even better results for the Cu-Zr-Si alloy. Consequently, the processing routes were designed based on sim.lation test results and wires of 5 and 2 m. in diam.ters, have been successfully processed in the industrial scale.

关键词： Copper alloys Therm.-m.chanical processing Ageing Strength Flow stress Hardness

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细胞凋亡在缺血性卒中梗死区周围占主导地位:一种可能的抗凋亡治疗靶点

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第4期 37-38页

作者： Sairanen T. karjalainen-Lindsberg m.- L. Paetau A. 樊慧婷 Departm.nt of Neurology Helsinki University Central Hospital PB 340 FIN- 00029 HUS Helsinki FinlandDr

Anim.l experim.nts have suggested that apoptotic program.ed cell death is responsible for an im.ortant portion of the delayed ischaem.c brain dam.ge. Antiapoptotic signalling through erythropoietin (EPO) binding to its receptor (EPOR) is triggered by system.c or local hypoxia and m.y exist in the post-ischaem.c brain, and a neuroprotective effect by EPO was described recently and proposed for clinical stroke treatm.nt. The objective of the study was to determ.ne whether apoptosis occurs in hum.n ischaem.c stroke and to describe its topographical distribution. An autopsy cohort consisting of 13 cases of fatal ischaem.c stroke (sym.tom.duration from.15 h to 18 days) treated at the Departm.nt of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and 3 controls were studied. DNA dam.ge was investigated by im.unofluorescent TUNEL-labelling in com.ination with apoptotic cell m.rphology and by visualization of a m.jor signalling system.of apoptosis, Fas-FasL (Fas-ligand), by the im.unoperoxidase technique. The relationship of EPO and EPOR in the face of TUNEL-labelled and necrotic cell death was co-registered in hum.n cerebral neurons undergoing different stages of ischaem.c change. TUNEL-labelled cells with apoptotic m.rphology were disproportionately m.re frequent, 148% (30) [m.an (SE)] in the periinfarct versus 97% (22)in the core, as percentage of the cells in the contralateral hem.sphere (P = 0.027). The apoptotic cell percentage reached up to 26% (2) of all cells in periinfarct area. A linear correlation was found for Fas and its counterpart FasL expression (rs = 0.774, P m.a induced widespread neuronal expression of EPOR, which was inversely related to the severity of ischaem.c neuronal necrosis (P m.nance of apoptosis in the periphery of hum.n ischaem.c infarctions. Fas and FasL were linearly overexpressed supporting that this‘ death-receptor’ com.lex m.y prom.te the com.letion of cell death. Increased E

关键词：缺血性卒中主导地位梗死区细胞凋亡抗凋亡周围

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北波罗的海蓝藻细菌的生态系统后果

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Am.IO－人类环境杂志 2007年第2期36卷 186-193页

作者： m.ina karjalainen Jonna Engstrm.st Sam.li Korpinen Heikki Peltonen Jari-Pekka Pkknen Sanna Rnkknen Sanna Suikkanen m.rkku Viitasalo 丁莉芬兰海洋研究所 FIm. 图尔库大学生物系芬兰环境研究所

波罗的海蓝藻细菌具有在几个营养水平上影响食物链动力学的有机物的多重效果。蓝藻细菌包含几种生物活性组分,例如生物碱、缩氨酸和脂多糖。一群非核糖体制造的寡肽,即微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素,促进受害细胞肿瘤生长并且导致氧化胁迫。... 详细信息

波罗的海蓝藻细菌具有在几个营养水平上影响食物链动力学的有机物的多重效果。蓝藻细菌包含几种生物活性组分,例如生物碱、缩氨酸和脂多糖。一群非核糖体制造的寡肽,即微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素,促进受害细胞肿瘤生长并且导致氧化胁迫。浮游动物食用蓝藻细菌,摄取以后,肝毒素(节球藻毒素)降低例如桡足类动物的卵产量。但是,观察到的效果非常多变,因为许多甲壳动物对节球藻毒素有抗性并且少量食用时蓝藻细菌可能补充了食草类动物的食物。蓝藻细菌毒素在食物网络中从一个营养水平转移到另一个营养水平。在浮游食物网络中这个转移速率相当低,但是观察到了幼鱼的饮食和生长速率降低。在海底食物网络中,特别是在蓝色蚌类中,节球藻毒素含量非常高,而且已经观察到海底生存的比目鱼幼仔从藻华区域消失。在沿海生态系统中,蓝藻细菌存在时,钩虾表现出死亡率增加而繁殖成功率降低。相反的,糠虾似乎比较耐受蓝藻细菌暴露。在幼鱼中,节球藻解毒具有一些代谢代价,这反映为生长和状况的降低,这可能会使它们容易被捕捉到。蓝藻菌丝和群体也会对以流体动力学和视觉捕食的草食性鱼类造成干扰。糠虾的捕食外壳可能会被堵塞,菌丝会干扰白斑狗鱼幼鱼的捕食探测。另一方面,蓝藻细菌藻华可能为浮游动物和小鱼提供庇护。因为藻华的衰退也为微生物圈内的有机体提供了有机碳和氮,能够选择性饮食的浮游动物种类可能在藻华条件中繁盛。蓝藻细菌也可能与其它主要的生产者竞争营养并且通过固氮改变其环境中的N:P平衡。而且,蓝藻细菌的生物活性成分直接影响其它的初级生产者,对蓝藻细菌、原绿球藻、腰鞭毛虫和小型鞭毛虫有利而抑制隐生藻类。因为选择性的捕食者除了蓝藻细菌以外也改变其它物种的捕食压力,在蓝藻细菌藻华时期极可能发生波罗的海群落和生态系统的结构和功能的改变。

关键词：沿海生态系统蓝藻细菌波罗的海微囊藻毒素流体动力学营养水平浮游动物肿瘤生长

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人通过膳食对波罗的海鲱鱼有机氯的摄入:个体鱼类差别和渔业管理所引起的后果

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Am.IO－人类环境杂志 2007年第2期36卷 244-251页

作者： m.kko Kiljunen m.ri Vanhatalo Sam. m.ntyniem. Heikki Peltonen Sakari Kuikka Hannu Kiviranta Raim. Parm.nne Jouni T.Tuom.sto Pekka J.Vuorinen Anja Hallikainen m.tti Verta Jukka Pnni Roger I.Jones Juha karjalainen 赵绪才芬兰于韦斯屈莱大学芬兰赫尔辛基大学国家公共卫生研究所芬兰游钓和渔业研究所芬兰食品安全局芬兰环境研究所(SYKE) 于韦斯屈莱大学

该研究探讨了芬兰人通过膳食摄入的源于波罗的海北部鲱鱼的有机氯(PCDD/F和PCB)可以受渔业管理影响的程度。这项研究是通过利用通用的模型工具(例如鲱鱼的种群模型和生物能量学模型等)对人的摄入量进行估计来开展的。我们利用概率方法... 详细信息

该研究探讨了芬兰人通过膳食摄入的源于波罗的海北部鲱鱼的有机氯(PCDD/F和PCB)可以受渔业管理影响的程度。这项研究是通过利用通用的模型工具(例如鲱鱼的种群模型和生物能量学模型等)对人的摄入量进行估计来开展的。我们利用概率方法来说明由于鲱鱼个体的变化而导致的人体摄入有机氯的变化。我们的估计与目前的预防限量和使用建议进行了比较。结果表明现在鲱鱼的消费水平和频率很有可能超过了所建议的PCDD/F PCB的摄入限量。此外,我们的研究结果清楚地表明在对类二恶英有机氯的风险管理中,对捕鱼的调节(在这种情况下增加捕鱼压力)远不及调节对鲱鱼的消费更能减少风险。增加捕鱼仅仅稍微的减少芬兰鱼货市场上的鲱鱼的有机氯浓度。

关键词：波罗的海渔业管理摄入量有机氯鲱鱼鱼类个体膳食

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