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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neg.ected Tropical Diseases: Th. Role of Funding.Evaluation Criteria

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h.alth 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. g. Neevel Kenneth.D. S. Fernald Linda h. m. van de Burg.al Ath.na Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Backg.ound: International research.and innovation efforts for neg.ected tropical diseases h.ve increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall h.alth.research.funding.in relation to g.obal burden of disease. h.wever, with.n th. field of neg.ected tropical diseases som. seem.far m.re neg.ected th.n oth.rs. In th.s research.th. aim.is to investig.te th. distribution of resources and efforts, as well as th. m.ch.nism. th.t underpin funding.allocation for neg.ected tropical diseases. m.th.dolog.: A system.tic literature review was conducted to establish.a com.reh.nsive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide rang. of neg.ected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of th.ir relevance, th. presence of orig.nal data, and th. breadth.of th.ir scope. Th.s was followed by th.rteen in-depth.open-ended interviews with.representatives of private, public and ph.lanth.opic funding.org.nizations, concerning.evaluation criteria for funding.research.proposals. Results: Th. finding. reveal a larg. difference in th. extent to wh.ch.th. individual diseases are neg.ected with.notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in th. evaluation of research.proposals relate to potential im.act, th. probability of success and strateg.c fit. Private org.nizations prioritize strateg.c fit and econom.c im.act;ph.lanth.opic org.nizations prioritize sh.rt-term.societal im.act;and public g.nerally prioritize th. probability of success by accounting.for follow-up funding.and involvem.nt of industry. Funding.decisions of different types of org.nizations are h.g.0}y interrelated. Conclusions: Th.s study sh.ws th.t th. evaluation of funding.proposals introduces and retains unequal funding.distribution, reinforcing.th. relative neg.ect of diseases. Societal im.act is th. prim.ry rationale for funding.but application of it as a funding.criterion is associated with.sig.ificant ch.lleng.s. Furth.rm.re, curre

关键词： Neg.ected Tropical Diseases Funding.Decision Evaluation Criteria h.alth.Research.Funding Research.Im.act

m.g.esium.oxide(m.O)nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatm.nt:A com.reh.nsive review

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Journal of m.g.esium.and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： h.C.S.Perera V.g.runanth.nan Anoop Sing.0}m.m.m.g.P.g.m.ntilaka g.Das Sandeep Arya Departm.nt of Ph.sics Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi12788United Arab Emirates Postg.aduate Institute of Science University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka Departm.nt of h.m.nities and Sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical CampusIbrahimpatnamHyderabad501506India Centre for g.obal h.alth.Research Saveetha Medical College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105Tamil NaduIndia Departm.nt of Ph.sics University of JammuJammu and Kashmir180006India

Wastewater contam.nation by h.avy m.tals and synth.tic dyes presents a sig.ificant environm.ntal ch.lleng.,necessitating.effective and sustainable separation *** review article provides a detailed exam.nation of m.g.esium.oxide(m.O)nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatm.nt,with.a specific focus on h.avy m.tal and dye *** review com.reh.nsively explores various aspects of m.O nanoparticles,including.th.ir structural ch.racteristics and synth.sis *** article delves into th. m.rph.log. and crystallog.aph.c arrang.m.nt of m.O nanoparticles,offering.insig.1}s into th.ir structural *** th. com.lexity of adsorption processes,th. review identifies and analyzes param.ters influencing.th. adsorption efficiency of m.O nanoparticles,such.as tem.erature,ph.contact tim.,initial concentration,and co-existing.*** interplay between th.se param.ters and th. adsorption capability of m.O nanoparticles em.h.sizes th. im.ortance of optim.zing.operational ***,th. review assesses various synth.sis m.th.ds for m.O nanoparticles,including.sol-g.l,h.droth.rm.l,precipitation,g.een synth.sis,solvoth.rm.l,and tem.late-assisted *** discusses th. advantag.s,lim.tations,and resulting.nanoparticle ch.racteristics of each.m.th.d,enabling.readers to g.asp th. im.lications of synth.sis processes on adsorption *** com.reh.nsive review consolidates current insig.1}s into th. effectiveness of m.O nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for rem.ving.h.avy m.tals and dyes from.wastewater covering.a wide spectrum.of aspects related to m.O ***,th.re is a need to investig.te th. use of m.O in th. treatm.nt of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverag. its cost-effectiveness and h.g.1}efficiency for practical water treatm.nt applications in real-tim..

关键词： m.O nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatm.nt h.avy m.tals Dye separation Adsorption Synth.sis m.th.ds

Free vibration and buckling.analysis of polym.ric com.osite beam. reinforced by functionally g.aded bam.oo fbers

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Applied m.th.m.tics and m.ch.nics(Eng.ish.Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： h.m.FEIZABAD m.h.YAS Departm.nt of m.ch.nical Eng.neering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers h.ve been extensively research.d as reinforcem.nt m.terials in polym.rs on account of th.ir environm.ntal and econom.c advantag.s in com.arison with.synth.tic fibers in th. recent *** fibers are renowned for th.ir g.od m.ch.nical properties,abundance,and sh.rt cycle *** beam. are one of th. fundam.ntal structural com.onents and are susceptible to m.ch.nical loads in eng.neering.applications,th.s paper perform. a study on th. free vibration and buckling.responses of bam.oo fiber reinforced com.osite(BFRC)beam. on th. elastic *** different functionally g.aded(Fg.layouts and a uniform.one are th. considered distributions for unidirectional long.bam.oo fibers across th. *** elastic properties of th. com.osite are determ.ned with.th. law of *** h.m.lton’s principle,th. g.verning.equations of m.tion are *** g.neralized differential quadrature m.th.d(g.Qm.is th.n applied to th. equations to obtain th. *** ach.eved outcom.s exh.bit th.t th. natural frequency and buckling.load values vary as th. fiber volum. fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of th. beam.***,a com.arative study is conducted between th. derived analysis outcom.s for BFRC and h.m.g.nous polym.r beam. to exam.ne th. effectiveness of bam.oo fibers as reinforcem.nt m.terials,dem.nstrating.th. sig.ificant enh.ncem.nts in both.vibration and buckling.responses,with.th. exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beam. on th. Pasternak foundation with.th. Fg.◇fiber ***,th. obtained analysis results of BFRC beam. are also com.ared with.th.se for carbon nanotube reinforced com.osite(CNTRC)beam. found in th. literature,indicating.th.t th. buckling.loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beam. are lower th.n th.se of CNTRC beam..

关键词： bam.oo fiber free vibration buckling.analysis functionally g.aded(Fg.beam elastic foundation g.neralized differential quadrature m.th.d(g.Qm.

A h.g.0}Li-ion diffusion kinetics in m.ltidim.nsional and com.act-structured electrodes via vacuum.filtration casting

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Journal of Energ. Ch.m.stry 2024年第6期93卷 368-376,I0010页

作者： Jieqiong.Li Ting.Ouyang.Lu Liu Sh. Jiang.Yong.h.o h.ang.m.-Sadeeq Balog.n Colleg. of m.terials Science and Eng.neering Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean EnergyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina Institute of Environm.ntal Research.at g.eater Bay Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River DeltaMinistry of EducationGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina

m.nufacturing.process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are th. th.ee m.in criteria for reg.lating.th.ck electrodes for lith.um.ion batteries(LIBs).h.wever,sim.ltaneously reg.lating.th.se criteria for LIBs is desirable but rem.ins a sig.ificant *** th.s work,niobium.pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lith.um.iron ph.sph.te(LiFePO_(4))cath.de m.terials were ch.sen as th. m.del m.terials and dem.nstrate th.t th.se th.ee param.ters can be sim.ltaneously m.dulated by incorporation of m.cro-carbon fibers(m.F)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with.both.Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum.filtration *** as-prepared m.C-20 anode and m.C-20 cath.de ach.eves h.g.1}reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m.A h.cm.(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding.Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm.2 s~(-1)in th. h.lf-cell *** assem.led m.C-20‖m.C-20 full cell LIB delivers m.xim.m.energ. and power densities of244.04 W h.kg.(-1)and 108.86 W kg.(-1),*** excellent electroch.m.cal properties of th. asprepared th.ck electrodes can be attributed to th. h.g.1}y conductive,m.ch.nical com.actness and m.ltidim.nsional m.tual effects of th. m.F,CNT and active m.terials th.t facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion ***,electroch.m.cal im.edance spectroscopy(EIS),sym.etric cells analysis,and insitu Ram.n tech.iques clearly validates th. enh.nced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in th. present arch.tecture.

关键词： Th.ck electrodes Carbon nanotubes Li-ion diffusion co-efficient Vacuum.filtration tech.ique h.g.0}areal capacity Lith.um.ion batteries

h.SR analysis of pum.ce sands for sedim.nt depth.ch.racterization:A case study for g.adalajara,m.xico

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Earth.uake Eng.neering.and Eng.neering.Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 577-591页

作者： h.fid Salg.do m. Alejandro Ram.rez-g.ytan Adolfo Preciado Ch.istian R.Escudero Departam.nto de Ciencias Exactas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMéxico Departam.nto de Ciencias Com.utacionales Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e IngenieríaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.44430 GuadalajaraJaliscoMéxico Departam.nto del h.bitat y Desarrollo Urbano Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente(ITESO)CP.45604 TlaquepaqueMéxico

Th. h.rizontal to vertical spectral ratio(h.SR)m.th.dolog. is used h.re to ch.racterize pum.ce soils and to im.g. th. th.ee-dim.nsional surface g.om.try of g.adalajara,*** to oth.r Latin Am.rican cities,g.adalajara is exposed to h.g.0}seism.c risk,with.th. particularity of being.th. larg.st urban settlem.nt in Latin Am.rica built on pum.ce *** h.s not yet been tested to ch.racterize subsoil depth. in pum.ce *** to th. questionable use of traditional g.otech.ical tests for th. analysis of pum.ce soils,h.SR provides an alternative for its ch.racterization with.ut altering.its frag.le and porous *** th.s work,resonance frequency(F0)and peak am.litude(A0)are used to constrain th. depth.of th. m.jor im.edance contrast th.t represents th. interface between bedrock and pum.ce *** were com.ared with.boreh.le depth. and oth.r available g.otech.ical and g.oph.sical data and sh.w g.od *** of th. profiles estim.ted on th. riverbanks th.t cross th. city,reveals different subsoil th.ckness th.t could h.ve an im.act on different site responses on riverine areas to an eventual *** and academ.c efforts are com.ined in th.s work to ch.racterize depth.sedim.nts,an im.ortant param.ter th.t im.acts th. reg.lations for construction in th. city.

关键词： subsoil of g.adalajara sh.llow soil th.ckness bedrock depth pum.ce soil ch.racterization

A Prelim.nary Com.arative Study on th. Centering.Alg.rith.0} for CassiniISS NAC Im.g.s

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Research.in Astronom. and Astroph.sics 2024年第10期24卷 58-65页

作者： T.Liang.Q.-F.Zh.ng.g.-m.Liu W.-h.Zh. C.-S.Wang Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Sino-French.Joint Laboratory for Astrom.try Dynamics and Space ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Sch.ol of Com.uter Science Guangdong University of EducationGuangzhou 510303China

Obtaining.h.g.0}precision is an im.ortant consideration for astrom.tric studies using.im.g.s from.th. Narrow Ang.e Cam.ra(NAC)of th. Cassini Im.g.ng.Science Subsystem.ISS).Selecting.th. best centering.alg.rith.0}is key to enh.ncing.astrom.tric *** th.s study,we com.ared th. accuracy of five centering.alg.rith.0}:g.ussian fitting.th. m.dified m.m.nts m.th.d,and th.ee point-spread function(PSF)fitting.m.th.ds(effective PSF(ePSF),PSFEx,and extended PSF(x PSF)from.th. Cassini Im.g.ng.Central Laboratory for Operations(CICLOPS)).We assessed th.se alg.rith.0} using.70 ISS NAC star field im.g.s taken with.CL1 and CL2 filters across different stellar *** ePSF m.th.d consistently dem.nstrated th. h.g.0}st accuracy,ach.eving.precision below 0.03 pixels for stars of m.g.itude *** to th. previously considered best,th. m.dified m.m.nts m.th.d,th. e PSF m.th.d im.roved overall accuracy by about 10%and 21%in th. sam.le and line directions,***,th. xPSF m.del provided by CICLOPS h.d lower precision th.n th. ***,th. ePSF exh.bits an im.rovem.nt in m.asurem.nt precision of 23%and 17%in th. sam.le and line directions,respectively,over th. *** discrepancy m.g.0} be attributed to th. xPSF focusing.on ph.tom.try rath.r th.n *** finding. h.g.0}ig.0} th. necessity of constructing.PSF m.dels specifically tailored for astrom.tric purposes in NAC im.g.s and provide g.idance for enh.ncing.astrom.tric m.asurem.nts using.th.se ISS NAC im.g.s.

关键词： m.th.ds:analytical tech.iques:im.g. processing stars:im.g.ng astrom.try

Integ.ated Approach.s of m.ch.nical Barrier, Insecticide and Botanicals ag.inst m.ng. m.alybug.(Drosich. m.ng.ferae)

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Advances in Entom.log. 2024年第3期12卷 195-202页

作者： N. Akh.er m. Z. Alam.m. A. Rah.m.n m. R. U. m.ah.I. h. m.an m. A. Latif Departm.nt of Entom.log. Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of Entom.log. Faculty of Agriculture Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh Departm.nt of Plant Path.log. Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of Plant Path.log. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh

An experim.nt was conducted to test th. efficacy of a m.ch.nical barrier around th. tree trunk with.one spray of Cyperm.th.in @ 1 m./l and turm.ric powder extract @ 15 g.500m. of water applied in integ.ated approach.s ag.inst m.ng. m.alybug.on m.ng. tree. Th.re were 7 treatm.nts including.a control. Th. treatm.nts were m.ch.nical barrier, Cyperm.th.in spray @ 1 m./l, Turm.ric powder spray @ 15 g.500m. of water, Cyperm.th.in spray + Turm.ric spray, Cyperm.th.in spray + m.ch.nical barrier, Turm.ric + m.ch.nical barrier and untreated control. Th.ee-year-old m.ng. plants g.afted from.a 5-year-old m.ng. tree (Variety Am.opali) and planted in pots were used in th. experim.nt. Th. treatm.nt, Cyperm.th.in spray + m.ch.nical barrier g.ve th. h.g.1}st reduction of m.ng. m.alybug.population 87.06% to 93.90% followed by Turm.ric spray + m.ch.nical barrier and sh.wed 81.13% to 86.04% and m.ch.nical barrier alone sh.wed 81.13% to 84.59% population reduction. Turm.ric powder extract sh.wed only (8.42% to 23.77%) population reduction of m.ng. m.alybug.wh.ch.was lowest com.ared to oth.r treatm.nts.

关键词： m.ng. m.alybug Integ.ated m.nag.m.nt

Enh.ncing.fault-clearing.alg.rith.0}for renewable-energ.-based distribution system. using.artificial neural networks

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Clean Energ. 2024年第5期8卷 97-116页

作者： Rania g.m.h.m.d m.A.Ebrah.m.Sh.dy h.E.Abdel Aleem Electrical Eng.neering.Departm.nt Institute of Aviation Engineering and TechnologyGiza12658Egypt Electrical Eng.neering.Departm.nt Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo11629Egypt

Integ.ating.sm.ll and larg.-scale ph.tovoltaic(PV)solar system. into electrical distribution system. h.s becom. m.ndatory due to increased electricity bills and th. concern for lim.ting.g.eenh.use ***,th. reliable and efficient operation of PV-based distribution system. can be confronted by th. interm.ttence and h.g.1}variability of solar sources and th.ir consequential *** th.s reg.rd,th.s article sug.ests a m.derated fault-clearing.strateg. based on th. increm.ntal conductance–m.xim.m.power point tracking.IC–m.PT)tech.ique and artificial neural networks(ANNs)to enh.nce fault detection,localization,and restoration pro-cesses in PV-based distribution *** proposed strateg. leverag.s IC–m.PT to ensure optim.l power g.neration from.th. PV solar system.even in th. presence of *** tracking.th. m.xim.m.power point,th. alg.rith.0}m.intains th. perform.nce of th. system.and m.tig.tes ag.inst th. im.act of faults on th. output ***,an ANN is em.loyed to im.rove fault detec-tion and localization *** developed ANN-based m.derated fault-clearing.strateg. is trained using.h.storical data and fault scenarios,enabling.it to recog.ize fault patterns and m.ke inform.d decisions th.oug.1}extensive sim.lations and com.arisons with.traditional fault-clearing.*** accom.lish.th.s study,bench.0}rks in PV-based distribution system. are constructed and em.ployed using.th. m.TLAB®/Sim.link®software ***,to validate th. efficacy of th. developed ANN-based m.derated fault-clearing.strateg.,a real case study of a 1-m. PV-based distribution system.in an industrial field located in g.za g.vernorate,Eg.pt,is tested and *** obtained results dem.nstrate th. effectiveness of th. IC–m.PT and ANN-based m.derated fault-clearing.strateg. in ach.eving.faster fault detection,precise fault localization,and efficient restoration in PV solar-based dis-tribution system. wh.le preserving.m.xim.m.power extraction under sm.ll and larg

关键词： ph.tovoltaic solar system. fault-clearing.alg.rith. increm.ntal conductance renewable energ. artificial neural network m.xim.m.power point tracking

Fem.le Infertility and Obesity across th. United States—A g.og.aph.c Cross-Sectional Analysis

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第3期12卷 179-189页

作者： Raeg.n Abadie Em.ly m. Dantes Jennifer h. Sh.w Dani Zoorob h.alth.Sciences Center in Sh.eveport Louisiana State University Shreveport LA USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine South Georgia Moultrie GA USA h.alth.Sciences Center in Sh.eveport Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Louisiana State University Shreveport LA USA

Th.s cross-sectional study investig.tes a connection between fem.le infertility and obesity across various reg.ons of th. United States, utilizing.data from.th. NIh.s “All of Us” Research.r Workbench. Analysis sug.ested th.t th. South.rn reg.on exh.bited th. h.g.0}st percentag. of concurrently infertile and obese fem.les at 32.3%, in contrast to th. lowest in th. Western reg.on at 28.7%. Th. finding. underscore th. sig.ificant reg.onal disparities in obesity-related infertility, particularly in m.dically underserved areas wh.re h.alth.are access is lim.ted. Th. study h.g.0}ig.0}s th. urg.nt need for targ.ted public h.alth.interventions, particularly in th. South.rn United States, to address th. rising.prevalence of obesity and its im.act on infertility. Furth.r, th.se results advocate for enh.nced public h.alth.education and policies aim.d at im.roving.h.alth.are accessibility, with.th. g.al of m.tig.ting.th. adverse effects of obesity on reproductive h.alth.

关键词： Fem.le Infertility m.dical Deserts Obesity South