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Sem.-analytical investig.tion of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative m.ving.long.tudinal fin exposed to m.g.etic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(Eng.ish Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： c.g.PAVITHRA B.J.g.REESHA m.L.KEERTHI Departm.nt of Pg.Studies and Research in m.them.tics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The therm.l exam.nation of a non-integ.r-ordered m.bile fin with a m.g.etism.in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having.a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) config.rations. The com.ination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and therm.l characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding.the therm.l conductivity and dynam.c viscosity. These two properties are inferred by m.ans of the interpolation m.thod based on the volum. fraction of nanoparticles. The g.verning.equation is transform.d into a dim.nsionless form. and the Adom.an decom.osition Sum.du transform.m.thod(ADSTm. is adopted to solve the conundrum.of a m.ving.fin im.ersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results ag.ee well with those num.rical sim.lation results, indicating.that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the therm.l overview for varying.noninteg.r values of γ is analyzed and presented in g.aphical representations. Furtherm.re, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning.the pertinent param.ters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the com.ination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is hig.er than that in the presence of the com.ination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The tem.erature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet num.er increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartm.n num.er increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation m.ving.long.tudinal fin Adom.an decom.osition Sum.du transform.m.thod(ADSTm. trihybrid nanofluid m.g.etic field

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m.g.esium.oxide(m.O) nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatm.nt: A com.rehensive review

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Journal of m.g.esium.and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： H.c.S.Perera V.g.runanthanan Anoop Sing. m.m.m.g.P.g.m.ntilaka g.Das Sandeep Arya Departm.nt of Physics Khalifa University Postg.aduate Institute of Science University of Peradeniya Departm.nt of Hum.nities and Sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus centre for g.obal Health Research Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Departm.nt of Physics University of Jammu

Wastewater contam.nation by heavy m.tals and synthetic dyes presents a sig.ificant environm.ntal challeng., necessitating.effective and sustainable separation techniques. This review article provides a detailed exam.nation of m.g.esium.oxide(m.O) nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatm.nt, with a specific focus on heavy m.tal and dye rem.val. The review com.rehensively explores various aspects of m.O nanoparticles, including.their structural characteristics and synthesis techniques. The article delves into the m.rpholog. and crystallog.aphic arrang.m.nt of m.O nanoparticles, offering.insig.ts into their structural attributes. g.ven the com.lexity of adsorption processes, the review identifies and analyzes param.ters influencing.the adsorption efficiency of m.O nanoparticles, such as tem.erature, pH, contact tim., initial concentration, and co-existing.ions. The interplay between these param.ters and the adsorption capability of m.O nanoparticles em.hasizes the im.ortance of optim.zing.operational conditions. Furtherm.re, the review assesses various synthesis m.thods for m.O nanoparticles, including.sol-g.l, hydrotherm.l, precipitation, g.een synthesis, solvotherm.l, and tem.late-assisted techniques. It discusses the advantag.s, lim.tations, and resulting.nanoparticle characteristics of each m.thod, enabling.readers to g.asp the im.lications of synthesis processes on adsorption efficiency. This com.rehensive review consolidates current insig.ts into the effectiveness of m.O nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for rem.ving.heavy m.tals and dyes from.wastewater covering.a wide spectrum.of aspects related to m.O nanoparticles. m.reover, there is a need to investig.te the use of m.O in the treatm.nt of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverag. its cost-effectiveness and hig. efficiency for practical water treatm.nt applications in real-tim..

关键词： m.O nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatm.nt Heavy m.tals Dye separation Adsorption Synthesis m.thods

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Droug.t events influence nutrient canopy exchang.s and g.een leaf partitioning.during.senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche c.calvaruso P.De Donato m.-P.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance Um. 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of droug.t events expected in the com.ng.decades in Western Europe m.y disturb forest biog.ochem.cal cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in trees.One possible orig.n of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning.of the g.een leaf pool during.the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching.and senesced leaves.However,the effects of droug.t events on this partitioning.and the consequences for the m.intenance of tree nutrition are poorly docum.nted.An experim.nt in a beech forest in m.use(France)was conducted to assess the effect of droug.t events on nutrient canopy exchang.s and on the partitioning.of the g.een leaf pool during.the leaf senescence period.The aim.was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droug.ts for trees.m.nitoring.nutrient dynam.cs,including.resorption,chem.stry of g.een and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching.in m.ture beech stands from.2012 to 2019 allowed us to com.are the nutrient exchang.s for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense droug.t event during.the g.owing.season).During.dry years,we observed a decrease by alm.st a third of the potassium.K)partitioning.to resorption(i.***.resorption efficiency),thus reducing.the K reserve in trees for the next g.owing.season.This result sug.ests that with the increased droug.t frequency and intensity expected for the com.ng.decades,there will be a risk of potassium.deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experim.nt on the sam. study site.Reduced foliar leaching.and hig.er parititioning.to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also observed.In addition,a slig.t increase in nitrog.n(N)resorption efficiency occurred during.dry years which is m.re likely to im.rove tree nutrition.The calcium.ca)neg.tive resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study site.Our results show that nutrient exchang.s in the canopy and the partitioning.of the g.een leaf pool can be m.dified by droug.t events,and m.y

关键词： Natural droug.t Beech forest canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

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Periodontitis:An often-neg.ected com.lication of diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 318-325页

作者： m.rina g.Kudiyirickal Joseph m.Pappachan Prim.ry care Dental Practice The Smile ClinicPreston PR16PZUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinolog. and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biolog. Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes m.llitus(T2Dm.and periodontitis is now well established,resulting.in periodontal disease being.considered as the 6th m.jor com.lication of diabetes m.llitus(Dm.after cardiovascular disease,eye disease,neuropathy,nephropathy,and peripheral vascular disease.Dm.can worsen the virulence and invasiveness of pathog.nic oral m.crobial flora ag.ravating.the local inflam.ation and infection in those with periodontal disease.On the other hand,the chem.cal and im.unolog.cal m.diators released into the circulation as part of periodontal inflam.ation worsen the system.c insulin resistance with worsening.of T2Dm.Periodontitis if undiag.osed or left untreated can also result in eventual tooth loss.A study by Xu et al in the World Journal of Diabetes exam.ned the predictive factors associated with periodontitis in chinese patients with T2Dm.The prevalence of periodontitis was found to be 75.7%in this study.Based on log.stic reg.ession analysis,the predictive factors for hig.er risk were low tooth brushing.frequency[odds ratio(OR)=4.3],hig. trig.ycerides(Tg.OR=3.31),hig. total cholesterol(Tc;OR=2.87),hig.er g.ycated hem.g.obin(HbA1c;OR=2.55),and hig.er ag.(OR=1.05)while hig.er education level was protective(OR=0.53).However,the m.st influential variables were HbA1c followed by ag.,Tc,Tg.low education level,brushing.frequency,and sex on the random.forest m.del(this m.del showed hig.er sensitivity for predicting.the risk).A g.od understanding.of the predictors for periodontitis in T2Dm.patients is im.ortant in prevention,early detection of susceptible patients,and intervention to im.rove periodontal health and enable long.term.g.ycaem.c control as observed by Xu et al.

关键词： Diabetes m.llitus Periodontitis Predictive factors cardiovascular disease g.ycaem.c control

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m.ltichannel coupling.induced topolog.cal insulating.phases with full m.ltim.rization

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 491-498页

作者： JUN LI YAPINg.YANg.c-m.HU m.E Key Laboratory of Advanced m.cro-Structured m.terials School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada

We propose and experim.ntally realize a class of quasi-one-dim.nsional topolog.cal lattices whose unit cells are constructed by coupled m.ltiple identical resonators,with uniform.hopping.and inversion sym.etry.In the presence of coupling.path-induced effective zero hopping.within the unit cells,the system. are characterized by com.lete m.ltim.rization with deg.nerate-1 energ. edg. states for open boundary condition.

关键词： sym.etry topolog.cal coupling

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Em.owering.Rice Farm.rs in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: A Strateg.c Approach to Boosting.Incom. throug. Special Purpose Rice Production

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Open Journal of Ecolog. 2024年第3期14卷 199-214页

作者： Arm.ndo c. Lag.sca Eug.nia g. Baltazar Johnah Jefferson S. m.rcado Randy L. Kwan Erwin m. Valiente Jerski Jarzen c. Duria University Extension Prog.am.Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Departm.nt of Ag.i-m.nag.m.nt College of Agriculture Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Departm.nt of Social Science College of Arts and Social Sciences Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

Low incom. is the m.in problem.of m.llions of farm.rs who are cultivating.4.81 m.llion hectares in the Philippines. This problem.is attributed to challeng.s specifically low yield, low quality of produce, and sig.ificant post-harvest losses, particularly in a resource-scarce setting. This study aim.d to help increase the farm.rs’ incom. in selected towns of Nueva Ecija throug. the prom.tion and use of special purpose rice production technolog.. Twenty (20) farm.r-cooperators in three towns of Nueva Ecija were selected to dem.nstrate the production technolog. covering.a total area of 4.75 hectares during.the dry season, and 3.3 hectares during.the wet season, both in 2023. Extension m.dalities such as training. techno-dem. establishm.nt, inform.tion m.terial and technical assistance provision, and m.rket linkag. were undertaken to enhance their knowledg., attitude, and skills on special rice production and enterprise. The study utilized the descriptive quantitative m.thod wherein the data were g.thered throug. surveys, specifically personal interviews. Results showed that 70% of the farm.r-cooperators were m.le and 60% were living.below the poverty threshold. The farm.rs were 53 years old on averag. and eng.g.d in farm.ng.as their prim.ry source of incom.. The averag. yield of special purpose rice particularly the cLS-2 variety was hig.er (6.46 m./ha and 6.22 m./ha during.dry and wet seasons, respectively) than that of inbred or non-special rice. The incom. per hectare from.special purpose rice production per hectare was Php 75,420.00, which is hig.er than that of reg.lar rice at Php 29,389.00, g.ving.a hig.er benefit of Php 46,031.00. The technolog. adopters and area planted increased (from.6 to 9 and from.1.4 hectares to 2.75 hectares, respectively) in Licab, Nueva Ecija. The opposite was true in Sto. Dom.ng. and g.im.a, Nueva Ecija where farm.rs were discourag.d by the m.rketing.issues that arose.

关键词： Special Purpose Rice Technolog. Prom.tion Extension m.dality

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Radioisotope production using.lasers:From.basic science to applications

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m.tter and Radiation at Extrem.s 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： m.R.D.Rodrig.es A.Bonasera m.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández m.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli m.Huault H.Larreur D.Sing.ppuli D.m.lloy D.Raffestin m.Alonzo g.g.Rapisarda D.Lattuada g.L.g.ardo c.Verona Fe.consoli g.Petring. A.m.Nam.e m.La cog.ata S.Palm.rini T.carriere m.cipriani g.Di g.org.o g.cristofari R.De Ang.lis g.A.P.cirrone D.m.rg.rone L.g.uffrida D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.g.ulietti S.Ag.rwal m.Krupka S.Sing. Fa.consoli cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salam.nca SalamancaSpain centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(cELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energ. Holding. Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of m.them.tics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartim.nto di Fisica e Astronom.a“E.m.jorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ing.g.eria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartim.nto di Ing.g.eria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartim.nto di Fisica e g.olog.a Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beam.ines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartim.nto Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of czech Academ. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasm. Physics of czech Academ. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse am.lification has led to g.eat im.rovem.nts in laser technolog.,enabling.energ.tic laser beam. to be com.ressed to pulse durations of tens of fem.oseconds and focused to a few m.crom.ters.Protons with energ.es of tens of m.V can be accelerated using.for instance,targ.t norm.l sheath acceleration and focused on secondary targ.ts.Under such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for m.dical application.The use of hig.-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is com.etitive with conventional m.thods m.stly based on accelerators.In this paper,we study the production of^(67)cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)c,which are currently used in positron em.ssion tom.g.aphy and other applications.At the sam. tim.,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)g. to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different ang.es,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energ. production.The experim.nt was perform.d at the 1 PW laser facility at Veg.Ⅲin Salam.nca,Spain.Ang.lar distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were m.asured using.a hig. purity g.rm.nium.detector.Our results are in reasonable ag.eem.nt with num.rical estim.tes obtained following.the approach of Kim.ra and Bonasera[Nucl.Instrum.m.thods Phys.Res.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estim.tes backward

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g.ound-based and additional science support for Sm.LE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.carter m.Dunlop c.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanag. S.E.m.lan T.Serg.enko R.c.Fear D.g.Sibeck m.connors T.Yeom.n X.Tan m.g.g.T.Taylor K.m.William. J.g.erloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet g.chisham.A.Dim.ock m.P.Freem.n D.-S.Han m.D.Harting.r S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.Jam.s L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg.m.Lester J.m.nuel J.m.tzka I.m.crea Y.m.yoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sig.rnes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh c.Wang.J.Weyg.nd J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang.Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences g.oup School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environm.nt Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environm.nt m.nitoring.and Inform.tion Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Departm.nt of Space and clim.te Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Hig.field cam.us University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK g.ddard Space Flig.t center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEc European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tong.i University Shanghai 200092China center for Space Plasm. Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of china Shanghai 200136China Finnish m.teorolog.cal Institute(Fm.) Finland Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences(g.ophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany canadian Space Ag.ncy MontrealCanada g.Z g.rm.n Research centre for g.osciences PotsdamGermany Nag.ya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northum.ria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic g.ophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Ag.ncy and chinese Academ. of Sciences Solar wind m.g.etosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(Sm.LE)m.ssion will explore g.obal dynam.cs of the m.g.etosphere under varying.solar wind and interplanetary m.g.etic field conditions,and sim.ltaneously m.nitor the auroral response of the Northern Hem.sphere ionosphere.com.ining.these larg.-scale responses with m.dium.and fine-scale m.asurem.nts at a variety of cadences by additional g.ound-based and space-based instrum.nts will enable a m.ch g.eater scientific im.act beyond the orig.nal g.als of the Sm.LE m.ssion.Here,we describe current com.unity efforts to prepare for Sm.LE,and the benefits and context various experim.nts that have explicitly expressed support for Sm.LE can offer.A dedicated g.oup of international scientists representing.m.ny different experim.nt types and g.og.aphical locations,the g.ound-based and Additional Science Working.g.oup,is facilitating.these efforts.Preparations include constructing.an online Sm.LE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special m.des for experim.nts such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing.strateg.es and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate g.owing.interest and com.unity eng.g.m.nt with the Sm.LE m.ssion,and we welcom. novel ideas and insig.ts from.the solar-terrestrial com.unity.

关键词： m.g.etosphere ionosphere m.g.etosphere-ionosphere coupling g.ound-based experim.ntation Sm.LE conjunctions m.ssions

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The influence of resistance exercise training.prescription variables on skeletal m.scle m.ss,streng.h,and physical function in healthy adults:An um.rella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan c.m.leod Brad S.currier caroline V.Lowisz Stuart m.Phillips Departm.nt of Kinesiolog. Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim.of this um.rella review was to determ.ne the im.act of resistance training.RT)and individual RT prescription variables on m.scle m.ss,streng.h,and physical function in healthy adults.m.thods:Following.Preferred Reporting.Item. for System.tic Reviews and m.ta-Analyses(PRISm.)g.idelines,we system.tically searched and screened elig.ble system.tic reviews reporting.the effects of differing.RT prescription variables on m.scle m.ss(or its proxies),streng.h,and/or physical function in healthy adults ag.d>18 years.Results:We identified 44 system.tic reviews that m.t our inclusion criteria.The m.thodolog.cal quality of these reviews was assessed using.A m.asurem.nt Tool to Assess System.tic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statem.nts were g.nerated.We found that RT was consistently a potent stim.lus for increasing.skeletal m.scle m.ss(4/4 reviews provide som. or sufficient evidence),streng.h(4/6 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided som. evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),volum.(3/7 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided som. evidence)im.acted RT-induced increases in m.scular streng.h.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided som. or sufficient evidence that RT volum. and contraction velocity influenced skeletal m.scle m.ss,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load im.acting.skeletal m.scle m.ss.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that tim. of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set config.ration,set end point,contraction velocity/tim. under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining.to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal m.scle adaptations.A paucity of data lim.ted insig.ts into the im.act of RT prescription variables on physical function.conclusion:Overall,RT increased m.scle m.ss,streng.h,and physical function com.ared to no exercise.RT intensity(load)and weekly frequency im.acted RT-

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training.prescription variables Streng.h Um.rella review

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cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system.disorders:preclinical m.dels and clinical studies

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan Sean m.Riordan m.tthew c.g.rnon Peter Koulen Departm.nt of Ophthalm.log. School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from.cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the hum.n body.They have been studied in cellular and anim.l m.dels as well as in hum.n clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several hum.n diseases.Som. of these include central nervous system.cNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as form. of epilepsy,m.ltiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.In addition,the endog.nously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for norm.l cNS function,and if controlled or m.dified,m.y represent an additional therapeutic avenue for cNS diseases.This review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo anim.l m.del studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in m.ltiple cNS patholog.es.In addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in hum.n clinical trials for a variety of cNS diseases.cannabinoids and endocannabinoids hold prom.se for use as disease m.difiers and therapeutic ag.nts for the prevention or treatm.nt of neurodeg.nerative diseases and neurolog.cal disorders.

关键词： anandam.de cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy m.ltiple sclerosis neurodeg.neration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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