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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest chang.

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Forest Ecosystem. 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.chapman Carm.n g.lan-Acedo Jan F.g.g.rten Rong.Hou m.chael J.Lawes Patrick A.Om.ja Dipto Sarkar Anna Sug.yam. Urs Kalbitzer Departm.nt of Anthropolog. Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Anim.l Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidem.olog. of Hig.ly Pathog.nic m.croorg.nism. Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environm.ntal Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia m.kerere University Biolog.cal Field Station Fort PortalUganda Departm.nt of g.og.aphy and Environm.ntal Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of Life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Departm.nt for the Ecolog. of Anim.l Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Departm.nt of Biolog. University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Backg.ound:Tropical forests are repositories of m.ch of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for m.tig.tion of clim.te chang..Yet,the drivers of forest dynam.cs are poorly understood.This is in larg. part due to the lack of long.term.data on forest chang. and chang.s in drivers.m.thodolog.:We quantify chang.s in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along.transects first enum.rated in 1978 and resam.led 2019 in Kibale National Park,Ug.nda.We tested five predictions.First,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of chang.s in the abundance of frug.vores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal chang. could have influenced forest com.osition.Second,based on an evaluation of life history strateg.es,we tested two predictions concerning.how the forest could have chang.d following.disturbance that happened prior to written history.Finally,based on a 50-year clim.te record,we evaluate the possible influence of clim.te chang. on forest dynam.cs.Results:m.re trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness rem.ined sim.lar,but diversity declined as the num.er of dom.nant species increased.Rainfall increased by only 3 m. over the 50 years but this had not sig.ificant effect on forest chang.s m.asured here.Annual averag. m.nthly m.xim.m.tem.erature increased sig.ificantly by 1.05℃ over 50 years.The abundance of frug.vorous and folivorous prim.tes and elephants increased over the 50 years of m.nitoring.Neither the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing.frug.vores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting.tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were supported.As predicted,lig.t-dem.nding.species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from.Kibale being.disturbed prior to historical records.Finally,while tem.erature increased over the 50 years,we found no m.ans to predict a priori how individ

关键词： Clim.te chang. Elephants Succession Prim.tes Disturbance Forest reg.neration

Investig.tion of a New Form.la for g.rney Velocity Estim.tion

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火炸药学报 2018年第4期41卷 340-344页

作者： Tam.r Elshenawy Ahm.d Elbeih Qing.m.ng.Li g.m.l m. Abdo Technical Research Centre Cairo Egypt m.litary Technical Colleg. Kobry Elkobbah Cairo Egypt The University of m.nchester School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering Manchester UK m.chanical Eng.neering.Departm.nt Modern Acade

The form.la for the analytical calculations of the shaped charg. jetting.param.ters exhibit an explicit dependence upon the g.rney velocity of an explosive m.terial.m.ny attem.ts have been done to approxim.te the characteristic constant 2E^(1/2) and to m.ke its use m.re efficient.It is shown herein that the characteristic g.rney velocity param.ter depends on the ratio of the chapman Joug.et-pressure to explosive im.ulse ratio by the form.la:2E^(1/2)=0.2415(P_(CJ)/I_(SP)ρ_0)-970.76,where PCJis the chapman Joug.et pressure(Pa),ISPis the specific im.ulse of the explosive used as a m.nopropellant(N·s/kg.andρois the explosive density(kg.m.3).The proposed em.irical form.la was found to be reasonable and quite accurate approxim.tion that can be im.lem.nted over a wide rang. of explosives,where the m.xim.m.deviation between the m.asured and the calculated g.rney velocities was nearly 6%.Besides,the proposed approach has been used analytically to calculate the jet tip velocity of a sm.ll caliber shaped charg.,which is m.asured experim.ntally.The difference between the m.asured and the calculated jet tip velocity was only 1.6%.

关键词：火药理论研究化学分析

我喜欢π：在《美国数学月刊》的一段简史和一个文选（II）

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数学译林 2017年第4期36卷 311-319,373页

作者： Jonathan m. Borwein Scott T. chapman 李灵芝陆柱家澳大利亚纽卡索(Newcastle)大学数学与物理科学学院不详

3．在1894—1944年《月刊》上的π这时期产生了文选中的20篇论文,1894年7月的《月刊》在它优雅的页面上包含了关于π的最尴尬的文章.只有“应作者要求出版”的标记，作者表明在1889年它是受版权保护的，它起源于著名的通常容易令人误解... 详细信息

3．在1894—1944年《月刊》上的π这时期产生了文选中的20篇论文,1894年7月的《月刊》在它优雅的页面上包含了关于π的最尴尬的文章.只有“应作者要求出版”的标记，作者表明在1889年它是受版权保护的，它起源于著名的通常容易令人误解的故事：

关键词：月刊简史数学美国 π 版权保护作者

他克莫司软骨对面部损害和擦烂性银屑病的疗效

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 39-40页

作者： Lebwohl m. Freem.n A.K. chapman m.S. 马慧群

Intertrig.nous and facial involvem.nt are m.nifestations of psoriasis that require a different approach than is used for typical plaque psoriasis on other skin areas. Topical corticosteroids are the prim.ry treatm.nt for psoriasis; however, the side effects of corticosteroids are m.g.ified on intertrig.nous and facial skin. Topical tacrolim.s offers the potential for anti-inflam.atory effect without the atrophy or other local side effects associated with the use of topical corticosteroids. To determ.ne the efficacy and tolerability of 0.1%tacrolim.s ointm.nt for the treatm.nt of facial or intertrig.nous psoriasis. One hundred sixty-seven patients 16 years or older were evaluated in an 8-week, random.zed, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, m.lti-center study. Uponentryintothestudy,patientswererandom.zed2:1toapply the tacrolim.s ointm.nt 0.1%or vehicle twice daily to all psoriatic lesions of the face or intertrig.nous areas for 8 weeks. The physician’s g.obal assessm.nt was used to assess im.rovem.nt from.baseline. The inverse psoriasis severity for patients was m.asured using.a 6-point scale from.clear to very severe. As early as day 8, m.re patients (P=. 004) had cleared or achieved excellent im.rovem.nt in the 0.1%tacrolim.s ointm.nt g.oup com.ared to the vehicle g.oup (24.8%vs 5.8%). At the end of the 8-week treatm.nt period 65.2%of the tacrolim.s ointm.nt g.oup and 31.5%of the vehicle were clear or alm.st clear (P m.lar in the 0.1%tacrolim.s ointm.nt and vehicle g.oups. Tacrolim.s ointm.nt is an effective treatm.nt for psoriasis of the face or intertrig.nous areas.

关键词：银屑病斑块性类骨静止期抗炎效果安慰剂对照严重度基本治疗方法总体评估

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原发性硬化性胆管炎患者的疲乏感

世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 60-61页

作者： Bjrnsson E. Sim.en m. Olsson R. chapman R.W. 程欣 Dept. of Internal m.dicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital SE-413 45 Gothenburg Sweden Dr.

Backg.ound: The occurrence of fatig.e in prim.ry sclerosing.cholang.tis (PSC), its im.act on quality of life and the role of concom.tant inflam.atory bowel disease (IBD) and coexisting.irritable bowel syndrom. (IBS) is unexplored. m.thods: Ninety three patients with PSC, associated with IBD in 80%of cases and 77 patients with IBD alone, were enrolled in the study. The patients com.leted the following.questionnaires: the Fatig.e Im.act Scale (FIS), the Psycholog.cal g.neral Well Being.Index (Pg.B), the g.strointestinal Sym.tom.Rating.Scale (g.RS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and diag.ostic criteria for IBS. Questionnaire data were related to liver tests and the latest liver biopsy in the PSC patients. Two sex and ag. m.tched controls from.the g.neral population (g.) were assig.ed to each PSC patient and these controls com.leted the FIS and the BDI. Results: Total fatig.e score did not differ sig.ificantly between patients with PSC and IBD alone. m.dian total fatig.e score am.ng.g. subjects was 39 (13-72), which was hig.er than in PSC (19 (6-52) (P = 0.02)) and in IBD patients (19 ( 5-35 ) ( P g.B and g.RS scores did not differ between patients with PSC and IBD alone. Depression and g.neral health (Pg.B) were independent predictors for total fatig.e score in PSC. No correlation was observed between fatig.e in PSC and the severity of the liver disease. Conclusions: Fatig.e in patients with PSC is related to depression but not to the severity of the liver disease. Both the PSC and IBD patients had lower total fatig.e scores than subjects from.the g.neral population. This arg.es ag.inst fatig.e as a specific sym.tom.of PSC and IBD patients.

关键词：疲乏感炎症性肠病肠易激综合征心理健康指数肠道症状生活质量诊断标准肝功能检查等级评分最后一次

氢氯噻嗪和阿替洛尔的降压作用及对代谢的影响

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中华高血压杂志 2012年第6期20卷 598-598页

作者： Steven m. Sm.th Yan g.ng.Stephen T. Turner Rhonda m. Cooper-DeHoff Am.er L. Beitelshees Arlene B. chapman Eric Boerwinkle Kent Bailey Julie A. Johnson John g. g.m. 罗冬梅叶鹏

除影响血压水平外，噻嗪类利尿剂和β受体阻滞剂还会造成不良的代谢作用（adversem.taboliceffects，Am.），这两种影响是否由相同的机制造成还不明确。

关键词：代谢作用降压作用阿替洛尔氢氯噻嗪 β受体阻滞剂噻嗪类利尿剂血压水平

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伦敦圣潘克勒斯国际火车站

建筑技艺 2009年第5期15卷 58-63页

作者： chapman Taylor Keith Parry

伦敦圣潘克勒斯国际火车站是一个车站改造工程，耗资8亿英镑，由始建于19世纪维多利亚时代的伦敦标志性车站改造而来，改造后将成为具有国际水平的现代化火车站，总建筑面积达87714m.2，商业面积8744m.2，站台面积19545m.2。圣潘克勒斯... 详细信息

伦敦圣潘克勒斯国际火车站是一个车站改造工程，耗资8亿英镑，由始建于19世纪维多利亚时代的伦敦标志性车站改造而来，改造后将成为具有国际水平的现代化火车站，总建筑面积达87714m.2，商业面积8744m.2，站台面积19545m.2。圣潘克勒斯国际火车站重新定义了21世纪铁路的概念，希望创造一个吸引旅客和游客的与众不同的空间。

关键词：火车站国际伦敦建筑面积改造工程车站改造维多利亚标志性

病危患者的胃窦-幽门—十二指肠运动对胃和十二指肠营养素的反应

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 32-33页

作者： chapman m.Fraser R Vozzo R. 纪泛扑 Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia

Backg.ound: g.stric em.tying.is frequently delayed in critical illness which com.rom.ses the success of nasog.stric nutrition. The underlying.m.tor dysfunctions are poorly defined. Aim.: To characterise antro-pyloro-duodenal m.tility during.fasting. and in response to g.stric and duodenal nutrient, as well as to ev aluate the relationship between g.stric em.tying.andm.tility, in the critically ill. Subjects: Fifteen m.chanically ventilated patients from.a m.xed intensive c are unit; 10 healthy volunteers. m.thods: Antro-pyloro-duodenal pressures were recorded during.fasting. after intrag.stric adm.nistration (100 m.; 100 kcal), and during.sm.ll intestinal infusion of liquid nutrient (6 hours; l kcal/m.n). g.astric em.tying.was m.asured using.a 13C octanoate breath test. Results: In heal thy subjects, neither g.stric nor sm.ll intestinal nutrient affected antro-pylo ro-duodenal pressures. In patients, duodenal nutrient infusion reduced antral a ctivity com.ared with both fasting.and healthy subjects (0.03 (0-2.47) waves/m. n v 0.14 (0-2.2) fasting.(p = 0.016); and v 0.33 (0-2.57)/m.n in healthy subje cts (p = 0.005)). Basal pyloric pressure and the frequency of phasic pyloric pre ssure waves were increased in patients during.duodenal nutrient infusion (3.12 ( 1.06) m. Hg. 0.98 (0.13)/m.n) com.ared with healthy subjects (-0.44 (1.25) m. H g. p m.nutes; 0.29 (0.15)/m.n; p = 0.0002) and with fasting.(- 0.06 (1.05) m. Hg. p m.nutes; 0.49 (0.13)/m.n; (p = 0.0001). g. stric em.tying.was delayed in patients (g.stric em.tying.coefficient 2.99 (0.2) v 3.47 (0.1); p = 0.015) and inversely related to the num.er of pyloric pressure waves (r = -0.563, p = 0.029). Conclusions: Stim.lation of pyloric and suppres sion of antral pressures by duodenal nutrient are enhanced in the critically ill and related to decreased g.stric em.tying.

关键词：呼气试验健康受试者鼻胃管胃排空延迟胃排空功能蠕动波重症监护输注液体辛酸盐功能障碍

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用于高光吸墨涂层的新型材料

用于高光吸墨涂层的新型材料