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Control of.Leaf.Spot Diseases on Ecotypes of.f.ba Bean (<i>Vicia f.ba</i>L.) Produced in the Andean Region of.Bolivia

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Am.rican Journal of.Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1150-1158页

作者： m. Coca-m.rante f. m.m.ni-álvarez Departam.nto de f.totecnia y Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Forestales y Veterinarias Dr. “Martín Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS) Cochabamba Bolivia 2Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agrícola y f.restal (INIAf. La Paz Bolivia

The basin of.Lake Titicaca is a f.ba bean-producing m.croregion of.Bolivia where the crop is destined f.r export. The m.st com.only cultivated ecotypes “Gigante de Copacabana” and “Usnayo” are af.ected by diseases that can cause production losses. The aim. of.the present work were to identif. the causal agents of.leaf.spot af.ecting these ecotypes, to record disease intensity levels, and to estim.te their ef.ect on production. In 2004 and 2005, leaf.et, stem.and pod sam.les were taken f.om.f.ba bean plants with leaf.spot growing in the Lake Titicaca area, and f.om.plants in an experim.ntal plot established to determ.ne the ef.ect of.f.ve dif.erent treatm.nts on production and disease intensity: T1 = Control;T2 = seed treatm.nt with Trichoderm. sp. + alternate f.liar spraying with benom.l and m.ncozeb;T3 = seed treatm.nt with f.udioxanil/m.talaxyl m.+ alternate f.liar spraying with benom.l and m.ncozeb;T4 = f.liar spraying with Trichoderm. sp.;T5 = alternate f.liar spraying with cym.xanyl and m.ncozeb-chlorothalonil. m.croscopic analysis of.the sam.les revealed the presence of.new f.ngal pathogens f.r f.ba beans in Bolivia (Cladosporium.sp., and Lepthosphaerulina sp.) as well as em.rging f.ngal pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, B. f.bae, Ascochyta f.bae, Alternaria sp. and Cercospora sp.). None of.the treatm.nts af.ected the disease progression curve (DPC) f.r incidence, although ef.ects were seen with respect to disease severity. The seed + f.liar treatm.nts (T2 and T3) were m.re ef.ective at controlling disease than leaf.treatm.nts on their own (T4 and T5). m.delling analysis showed f.ba bean leaf.spot disease to be m.derately destructive. Com.ared to chem.cal treatm.nts, biocontrol with Trichoderm. spp. prelim.nary was f.und to provide good control of.the disease. Losses due to leaf.spot disease of.36% were recorded, and a strong correlation detected between yield and disease severity.

关键词： Ecotypes m.deling Diseases Intensity

Eat m.re natural dietary f.ber and whole grains to m.nim.ze liver disease risk

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 601-604页

作者： Rachel m.Golonka Beng san Yeoh m.tam.Vijay-Kum.r Departm.nt of.Physiology and Pharm.cology University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOHUSA

Nutritional habits in the United States have dram.tically changed since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th ***,not every‘advancem.nt’f.om.then to now has im.roved hum.n dietary habits and *** is evident f.om.the rising epidem.c of.nutritional insuf.iciencies associated with the increasing prevalence of.age-related diseases(1).Work f.om.Dennis Burkett in the late 1960s was one of.the f.rst to hypothesize that ref.nem.nt of.grains and rem.val of.dietary f.ber could explain the regional dichotom. in disease incidence(2).

关键词： f.ber ref.nem.nt grains

Wear dependent virtual f.ow rate sensor f.r progressing cavity pum.s with def.rm.ble stator

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Petroleum.Science 2024年第2期21卷 1346-1353页

作者： Jens m.ller Sebastian Leonow Johannes Schulz Christian Hansen martin m.nnigm.nn Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Universit atsstraûe 150Bochum44801Germany SEEPEX Gm.H Scharnh olzstraûe 344Bottrop46240Germany

This contribution presents a novel wear dependent virtual f.ow rate sensor f.r single stage single lobe progressing cavity pum.s. We study the wear-induced m.terial loss of.the pum. com.onents and the im.act of.this m.terial loss on the volum.tric ef.iciency. The results are com.ined with an established backf.ow m.del to im.lem.nt a backf.ow calculation procedure that is adaptive to wear. We use a laboratory test setup with a highly abrasive f.uid and operate a pum. f.om.new to worn condition to validate our approach. The obtained m.asurem.nt data show that the presented virtual sensor is capable of.calculating the f.ow rate of.a pum. being subject to wear during its regular operation.

关键词： Backf.ow Progressing cavity pum. Virtual sensor Wear

On the constructions of.constant-com.osition codes f.om.perf.ct nonlinear f.nctions

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Science in China(Series f. 2009年第6期52卷 964-973页

作者： LI Chao LI Qiang LING san Departm.nt of.m.them.tics and System.Sciences Science College National University of.Def.nse Technology Changsha 410073 China National m.bile Com.unications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Division of.m.them.tical Sciences School of.Physical and m.them.tical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637313 Republic of.Singapore

A new construction of.constant-com.osition codes based on all known perf.ct nonlinear f.nctions f.om.f.m.to itself.is presented, which provides a kind of.unif.ed constructions of.constant-com.osition codes based on all known perf.ct nonlinear f.nctions f.om.f.qm.to *** is proved that the new constant-com.osition codes are optim.l with respect to the Luo-f.-Vinck-Chen bound, when m.is an odd positive integer greater than ***, we point out that two constructions of.constant-com.osition codes, proposed by Ding Cunsheng et *** 2005, are equivalent to two special types of.the new constant-com.osition codes.

关键词： constant-com.osition codes perf.ct nonlinear f.nctions quadratic f.rm.

Generic Issues on Broad-Scale Soil m.nitoring Schem.s: A Review

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 456-469页

作者： D. ARROUAYS B. P. m.RCHANT N. P. A. SABY J. m.ERSm.NS T. G. ORTON m. P. martin P. H. BELLAm. R. m. LARK m. KIBBLEWHITE INRA US 1106 InfoSol Unit CS 40001 Ardon F-45075 Orléans cedex 2 (France) Rotham.ted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ (UK) Cranf.eld University Cranfield Bedfordshire MK43 0AL (UK) British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG (UK)

Num.rous scientif.c challenges arise when designing a soil m.nitoring network (Sm.), especially when assessing large areas and several properties that are driven by num.rous controlling f.ctors of.various origins and scales. Dif.erent broad approaches to the establishm.nt of.Sm.s are distinguished. It is essential to establish an adequate sam.ling protocol that can be applied rigorously at each sam.ling location and tim.. We m.ke recom.endations regarding the within-site sam.ling of.soil. Dif.erent statistical m.thods should be associated with the dif.erent types of.sam.ling design. We review new statistical m.thods that account f.r dif.erent sources of.uncertainty. Except f.r those param.ters f.r which a consensus exists, the question of.testing m.thod harm.nisation rem.ins a very dif.icult issue. The establishm.nt of.benchm.rk sites devoted to harm.nisation and inter-calibration is advocated as a technical solution. However, to our present knowledge, no study has addressed crucial scientif.c issues such as how m.ny calibration sites are necessary and how to locate them.

关键词： networks sam.ling soil quality spatial analysis tem.oral analysis

Heterocyclization of.thiocarbonohydrazides:f.cile synthesis of.5-unsubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles

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Chinese Chem.cal Letters 2015年第9期26卷 1183-1186页

作者： Alaa A.Hassan f.thy f.Abdel-Latif.m.ham.d Abdel Aziz Sara m.m.staf. Stef.n Brse martin Nieger Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceMinia University Departm.nt of.m.dicinal Chem.stry Faculty of PharmacyEl-Minia University Institute of.Organic Chem.stry Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676131 KarlsruheGermany Laboratory of.Inorganic Chem.stry Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki

2-（Hydrazinecarbothioyl）-N-substituted hydrazinecarbothioam.des react with 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone in high yields in a novel f.st and f.cile m.thod to give 5-unsubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-am.ne *** synthesized com.ounds were characterized by spectroscopic m.thods and conf.rm.d by using X-ray crystallography.A rationale f.r the f.rm.tion of.the products is presented.

关键词： Thiocarbonohydrazides 5-Unsubstituted 1 3 4-thiadiazol-2-am.nes Tetrachloro-1 4-benzoquinone X-ray crystallography

Abscisic Acid Connects Phytohorm.ne Signaling with RNA m.tabolic Pathways and Prom.tes an Antiviral Response that Is Evaded by a Self. Controlled RNA Virus

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Plant Com.unications 2020年第5期1卷 111-128页

作者： f.bio Pasin Hongying Shan Beatriz García m.ren m.ller David san León m.rta Ludm.n David H.f.esno Károly f.tyol Sergi m.nné-Bosch Guillerm. Rodrigo Juan Antonio García Centro Nacional de Biotecnología(CNB-CSIC) 28049 MadridSpain Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center Academia Sinica11529 TaipeiTaiwan Departam.nto de Biologı´a Evolutiva Ecologı´a y Ciencias AmbientalesFacultad de Biologı´aUniversidad de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Agricultural Biotechnology Institute National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre2100 Godoll}oHungary Institute f.r Integrative System. Biology(I2SysBio) CSIC-University of Valencia46980 PaternaSpain Present address:College of.Horticulture and Gardening Tianjin Agricultural University300384 TianjinChina

A com.lex network of.cellular receptors,RNA targeting pathways,and sm.ll-m.lecule signaling provides robust plant im.unity and tolerance to *** m.xim.ze their f.tness,viruses m.st evolve control m.chanism. to balance host im.une evasion and plant-dam.ging *** genus Potyvirus com.rises plant viruses characterized by RNA genom.s that encode large polyproteins led by the P1 protease.A P1 autoinhibitory dom.in controls polyprotein processing,the release of.a downstream.f.nctional RNAsilencing suppressor,and viral ***,we show that P1Pro,a plum.pox virus clone that lacks the P1 autoinhibitory dom.in,triggers com.lex reprogram.ing of.the host transcriptom. and high levels of.abscisic acid(ABA)accum.lation.A m.ta-analysis highlighted ABA connections with host pathways known to control RNA stability,turnover,m.turation,and *** changes triggered by P1Pro inf.ction or ABA showed sim.larities in host RNA abundance and *** and horm.ne treatm.nt assays showed that ABA prom.tes plant resistance to potyviral ***,quantitative m.them.tical m.deling of.viral replication in the presence of.def.nse pathways supported self.control of.polyprotein processing kinetics as a viral m.chanism.that attenuates the m.gnitude of.the host antiviral ***,our f.ndings indicate that ABA is an active player in plant antiviral im.unity,which is nonetheless evaded by a self.controlled RNA virus.

关键词： abscisic acid antiviral im.une evasion m.them.tical m.deling viral polyprotein processing Potyvirus RNA m.tabolism

A Static Condensation Reduced Basis Elem.nt Approach f.r the Reynolds Lubrication Equation

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Com.unications in Com.utational Physics 2017年第1期21卷 126-148页

作者： Eduard Bader martin A.Grepl Siegf.ied m.ller Aachen Institute f.r Advanced Study in Com.utational Engineering Science RWTH Aachen UniversitySchinkelstr.252062 AachenGermany Institut f.r Geom.trie und Praktische m.them.tik RWTH Aachen UniversityTemplergraben 5552056 AachenGermany

In this paper,we propose a Static Condensation Reduced Basis Elem.nt(SCRBE)approach f.r the Reynolds Lubrication Equation(RLE).The SCRBEm.thod is a com.utational tool that allows to ef.iciently analyze param.trized structures which can be decom.osed into a large num.er of.sim.lar ***,we extend the m.thodology to allow f.r a m.re general dom.in decom.osition,a typical exam.le being a checkerboard-pattern assem.led f.om.sim.lar *** this end,we extend the f.rm.lation and associated a posteriori error bound *** m.tivation com.s f.om.the analysis of.the pressure distribution in plain journal bearings governed by the ***,the SCRBE approach presented is not lim.ted to bearings and the RLE,but directly extends to other com.onent-based *** show num.rical results f.r plain bearings to dem.nstrate the validity of.the proposed approach.

关键词： Reynolds lubrication equation static condensation dom.in decom.osition m.del order reduction reduced basis elem.nt m.thod a posteriori error estim.tion

An Event Horizon Im.ger(EHI) m.ssion Concept Utilizing m.dium.Earth Orbit Sub-m. Interf.rom.try

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空间科学学报 2021年第2期41卷 211-233页

作者： KUDRIASHOV V martin-NEIRA m.ROELOf. f.f.LCKE H BRINKERINK C BARYSHEV A HOGERHEIJDE m.YOUNG A POURSHAGHAGHI H KLEIN-WOLT m.m.SCIBRODZKA m.DAVELAAR J BARAT I DUESm.NN B VALENTA V PERDIGUES ARm.NGOL J m.DE WILDE D martin IGLESIAS P ALAGHA N VAN DER VORST m Departm.nt of.Astrophysics/Im.PP Radboud University NijmegenP.O.Box 90106500 GL Nijmegenthe Netherlands ESTEC/ESA Keplerlaan 12201 A2 Noordurigkthe Netherlands m.r Planck Institute f.r Radio Astrorny Auf dem Higel 69D-53121 Bon(Endenich)Germany University of.Groningen Landleven 129747 AD Groningenthe Netherlands Leiden Observatory Leiden UniversityPO Box 95132300 RALeidenthe Netherlands Anton Pannekoek Institute f.r Astronom. University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands Center f.r Com.utational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute162 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY 10010USA

Subm.llim.ter interf.rom.try has the potential to im.ge superm.ssive black holes on event horizon scales,providing tests of.the theory of.general relativity and increasing our understanding of.black hole accretion *** Event Horizon Telescope(EHT) perf.rm. these observations f.om.the ground,and its m.in im.ging targets are Sagittarius A~* in the Galactic Center and the black hole at the center of.the m.7 ***,the EHT is f.ndam.ntally lim.ted in its perf.rm.nce by atm.spheric ef.ects and sparse terrestrial(u,v)-coverage(f.urier sam.ling of.the im.ge).The scientif.c interest in quantitative studies of.the horizon size and shape of.these black holes has m.tivated studies into using space interf.rom.try which is f.ee of.these *** resolution considerations and interstellar scattering ef.ects push the desired observing f.equency to bands above 500 *** paper presents the requirem.nts f.r m.eting these science goals,describes the concept of.interf.rom.try f.om.Polar or Equatorial m.dium.Earth Orbits(PECm.O) which we dub the Event Horizon Im.ger(EHI),and utilizes suitable space technology *** this concept,two or three satellites orbit at slightly dif.erent orbital radii,resulting in a dense and unif.rm.spiral-shaped(u,v)-coverage over *** local oscillator signals are shared via an inter-satellite link,and the data stream. are correlated on-board bef.re f.nal processing on the ***-satellite m.trology and satellite positioning are extensively em.loyed to f.cilitate the knowledge of.the instrum.nt position vector,and its tim. *** European space heritage usable f.r both the f.ont ends and the antenna technology of.such an instrum.nt is *** and f.ture sensors f.r the required inter-satellite m.trology are *** perf.rm.nce estim.tes and sim.lation results are given.

关键词： Instrum.ntation Space VLBI Radio Telescopes