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Volcanic Risk Perception and Coping Strategies f.om.m.unts Cam.roon and Nyiragongo Eruptions, Central Af.ica: A Com.arative Analysis

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Journal of.Geoscience and Environm.nt Protection 2024年第6期12卷 161-189页

作者： m.bel N. Wantim.Innocent Bradriyo Asong f. Zisuh Louis m. Balgawa m.ro Yannah Katcho Karum. Nde-f.n Peter Bih Am.an Nchini L. Wayih Em.anuel V. Yenshu Sam.el N. Ayonghe Unit of.Disaster Risk m.nagem.nt Department of Environmental Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Observatoire Volcanologique de Gom. (OVG) Goma Democratic Republic of the Congo Institute of.Geological and m.ning Research (IRGm. Yaounde Cameroon f.culty of.Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon f.culty of.Social and m.nagem.nt Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Approxim.tely 2,000,000 people are exposed to volcanic risks in com.unities situated at the f.anks of.m.unts Cam.roon (m.) and Nyiragongo (m.) volcanoes in Central Af.ica. This study theref.re sought to investigate risk perception f.om.f.ur previous eruptions of.m., nam.ly the 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000 eruptions;and two previous eruptions of.m.: 1977 and 2002. The study was initiated with co-design workshops held with m.jor stakeholders in the cities of.Buea and Gom. at the f.anks of.m. and m., respectively, in 2017, to develop the research objectives f.r the study. A non-random.questionnaire survey was later conducted within 14 and 15 com.unities in Buea and Gom. respectively, on the ef.ects, perceived risks, and coping strategies f.r the chosen eruptions. Three age groups (18 - 30, 31 - 45 and >45 years) and gender (m.le and f.m.le) were considered. The population at the f.anks of.both volcanoes cited scientif.c and indigenous f.ctors to be responsible f.r eruptions f.om.these volcanoes. At m. and m., ≥45% of.the sam.led participants (with a higher f.m.le population) perceived that the sam.led eruptions posed a very high risk to the population. In term. of.the ef.ects, the age group of.18 - 30 was the least knowledgeable. In term. of.direct ef.ect on persons, over 90% of.participants at m. and m. attested that they were overcom. by f.ar/panic. On m.asures to cope with any likely eruption, the f.llowing order was established at the f.anks of.both volcanoes: sensitization of.population, use of.religious (prayers) and of.traditional/indigenous strategies. In term. of.f.ture coping strategies, while the m.les at m. m.intained sensitization as the f.vourite option, 62% of.the m.les at m. opted f.r traditional/indigenous strategies. The f.m.le population at both m. and m. showed a higher pref.rence f.r religious strategies like prayers.

关键词： Risk Perception m.unt Cam.roon m.unt Nyiragongo Indigenous Buea Gom.

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Prediction of.Soil Depth f.om.Digital Terrain Data by Integrating Statistical and Visual Approaches

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Pedosphere 2010年第3期20卷 361-367页

作者： f. m. ZIADAT International Center f.r Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) P.O. Box 5466Aleppo (Syria)

Inf.rm.tion about the spatial distribution of.soil attributes is indispensable f.r m.ny land resource m.nagem.nt applications; however, the ability of.soil m.ps to supply such inf.rm.tion f.r m.dern m.deling tools is questionable. The objectives of.this study were to investigate the possibility of.predicting soil depth using som. terrain attributes derived f.om.digital elevation m.dels （DEm.） with geographic inf.rm.tion system. （GIS） and to suggest an approach to predict other soil attributes. Soil depth was determ.ned at 652 f.eld observations over the A1-m.waqqar Watershed （70 km.） in Jordan. Terrain attributes derived f.om.30-m.resolution DEm. were utilized to predict soil depth. The results indicated that the use of.m.ltiple linear regression m.dels within sm.ll watershed subdivisions enabled the prediction of.soil depth with a dif.erence of.50 cm.f.r 77% of.the f.eld observations. The spatial distribution of.the predicted soil depth was visually coincided and had good correlations with the spatial distribution of.the classes am.lgam.ting three terrain attributes, slope steepness, slope shape, and com.ound topographic index. These suggested that the m.deling of.soil-landscape relationships within sm.ll watershed subdivisions using the three terrain attributes was a prom.sing approach to predict other soil attributes.

关键词： com.ound topographic index digital elevation m.del GIS watershed

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A Prelim.nary Com.arative Study on the Centering Algorithm. f.r CassiniISS NAC Im.ges

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2024年第10期24卷 58-65页

作者： T.Liang Q.-f.Zhang G.-m.Liu W.-H.Zhu C.-S.Wang Departm.nt of.Com.uter Science Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Sino-f.ench Joint Laboratory f.r Astrom.try Dynamics and Space ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China School of.Com.uter Science Guangdong University of EducationGuangzhou 510303China

Obtaining high precision is an im.ortant consideration f.r astrom.tric studies using im.ges f.om.the Narrow Angle Cam.ra(NAC)of.the Cassini Im.ging Science Subsystem.ISS).Selecting the best centering algorithm.is key to enhancing astrom.tric *** this study,we com.ared the accuracy of.f.ve centering algorithm.:Gaussian f.tting,the m.dif.ed m.m.nts m.thod,and three point-spread f.nction(PSf.f.tting m.thods(ef.ective PSf.ePSf.,PSf.x,and extended PSf.x PSf.f.om.the Cassini Im.ging Central Laboratory f.r Operations(CICLOPS)).We assessed these algorithm. using 70 ISS NAC star f.eld im.ges taken with CL1 and CL2 f.lters across dif.erent stellar *** ePSf.m.thod consistently dem.nstrated the highest accuracy,achieving precision below 0.03 pixels f.r stars of.m.gnitude *** to the previously considered best,the m.dif.ed m.m.nts m.thod,the e PSf.m.thod im.roved overall accuracy by about 10%and 21%in the sam.le and line directions,***,the xPSf.m.del provided by CICLOPS had lower precision than the ***,the ePSf.exhibits an im.rovem.nt in m.asurem.nt precision of.23%and 17%in the sam.le and line directions,respectively,over the *** discrepancy m.ght be attributed to the xPSf.f.cusing on photom.try rather than *** f.ndings highlight the necessity of.constructing PSf.m.dels specif.cally tailored f.r astrom.tric purposes in NAC im.ges and provide guidance f.r enhancing astrom.tric m.asurem.nts using these ISS NAC im.ges.

关键词： m.thods:analytical techniques:im.ge processing stars:im.ging astrom.try

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Benchm.rks f.r Pirá2.0,a Reading Com.rehension Dataset about the Ocean,the Brazilian Coast,and Clim.te Change

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 29-63页

作者： Paulo Pirozelli m.rcos m.José Igor Silveira f.ávio Nakasato Sarajane m.Peres Anarosa A.f.Brandão Anna H.R.Costa f.bio G.Cozm.n Universidade de São Paulo Ringgold Standard Institution-Instituto de Estudos Avançados Av.370 São Paulo 05508-900Brazil Universidade de São Paulo Ringgold Standard Institution-Instituto de m.tem.tica e Estatística Av.370 São Paulo 05508-900Brazil Universidade de São Paulo Rua Cayowaá876 apto 141SÃO PAULO 05018-001Brazil Universidade de São Paulo Ringgold Standard Institution Escola Politécnica Av.370São Paulo 05508-900Brazil.

Piráis a reading com.rehension dataset f.cused on the ocean,the Brazilian coast,and clim.te change,built f.om.a collection of.scientif.c abstracts and reports on these *** dataset represents a versatile language resource,particularly usef.l f.r testing the ability of.current m.chine learning m.dels to acquire expert scientif.c *** its potential,a detailed set of.baselines has not yet been developed f.r Pirá.By creating these baselines,researchers can m.re easily utilize Piráas a resource f.r testing m.chine learning m.dels across a wide range of.question answering *** this paper,we def.ne six benchm.rks over the Pirádataset,covering closed generative question answering,m.chine reading com.rehension,inf.rm.tion retrieval,open question answering,answer triggering,and m.ltiple choice question *** part of.this ef.ort,we have also produced a curated version of.the original dataset,where we f.xed a num.er of.gram.ar issues,repetitions,and other ***,the dataset has been extended in several new directions,so as to f.ce the af.rem.ntioned benchm.rks:translation of.supporting texts f.om.English into Portuguese,classif.cation labels f.r answerability,autom.tic paraphrases of.questions and answers,and m.ltiple choice *** results described in this paper provide several points of.ref.rence f.r researchers interested in exploring the challenges provided by the Pirádataset.

关键词： Natural language processing Question answering Benchm.rks Language resource Dom.inOriented dataset Scientif.c knowledge text dataset

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m.delling of.Gettering by m.chanical Dam.ge of.m.tallic Im.urities in Silicon

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第11期23卷 3058-3060页

作者： f. Ayad m. Rem.am Departm.nt of.Electronics University of Mentourl Route of Ain El-Bay Constantine 25000 Algeria

Reducing the concentration of.the m.tallic im.urities present in silicon-based electronic com.onents plays a vital role in m.nuf.ctures. Gettering by induced m.chanical dam.ge is one of.the m.thods used in neutralizing these im.urities. To sim.late this type of.gettering, we explicitly include the role of.the traps due to m.chanical dam.ge, based on the m.chanism.of.kick-out. In our m.del, we choose the essential param.ters including concentration of.im.urities, thickness, tem.erature, tim., etc. The dif.usion coef.icient and equilibrium.concentration of.the silicon interstitials estim.ted f.om.the literature have been adjusted to be in good agreem.nt with the experim.ntal data.

关键词： DIf.USION GOLD

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The Ef.ect of.NiAl Coatings on Oxidation Behavior of.AISI 403 Stainless Steel

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5B期25卷 666-670页

作者： m. Ebrahim.an f. Ashraf.zadeh Iranian Surf.ce Research & Engineering Centre Isfahan Science & Technology Town Isfahan IranDepartment of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran

This paper reports the oxidation behavior of.stainless steel type 403 as a substrate m.terial with and without NiAl coating. Evaluation of.oxidation resistance was perf.rm.d on uncoated and coated specim.ns at 850 and 1050°C. A com.ercial dif.usion process was used f.r the f.rm.tion of.NiAl interm.tallic coatings on the specim.ns. Bef.re alum.nizing, a layer of.nickel, about 40 um. was deposited on specim.ns by electroplating. Various techniques including SEm. EDAX, optical m.croscopy and m.cro-hardness testing were em.loyed to investigate the coatings bef.re and af.er oxidation tests. Nickel-alum.nides produced by two stage; plating-alum.nizing, treatm.nt with NiAl on the surf.ce increased the perf.rm.nce of.stainless steel sam.les signif.cantly.

关键词： NiAl涂层 AISI403不锈钢氧化热处理

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Analysis of.the Im.act of.the Blazhko Ef.ect Both on the Van Hoof.Ef.ect and Radial Velocity Am.litude in the Star RR Lyr

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 253-272页

作者： Y.El jariri f.L.Sef.ani A.Benhida Z.Benkhaldoun K.Kolenberg K.Chaf.uai A.Habib m.Sabil Observatoire de l'Oukaim.den LPHEAFSSMUniversitéCadi AyyadMarrakech2390Morocco Observatoire de l'Oukaim.den LPHEAFSTGUniversitéCadi AyyadMarrakech549Morocco Départem.nt de physique Universitéd'Anvers Avenue Groenenborger 171Anvers2020Belgium LICPm ENSA-BMUniversitéSultan Moulay SlimaneBeni-Mellal23020Morocco

The Van Hoof.ef.ect is a phase shif. existing between the radial velocity curves of.hydrogen and m.tallic lines within the atm.sphere of.pulsating *** this article,we present a study of.this phenom.non through the spectra of.the brightest pulsating star RR Lyr of.RR Lyrae stars recorded f.r 22 *** based ourselves,on the one hand,on 1268 spectra(41 nights of.observation)recorded between the years 1994 and 1997 at the Observatory of.Haute Provence(OHP,f.ance)previously observed by Chadid and Gillet,and on the other hand on 1569 spectra(46nights of.observation)recorded at our Oukaim.den Observatory(m.rocco)between 2015 and *** this study,we have detected inf.rm.tion on atm.spheric dynam.cs that had not previously been ***,the Van Hoof.ef.ect which results in a clear correlation between the radial velocities of.hydrogen and those of.the m.tallic lines has been observed and analyzed at dif.erent Blazhko phases.A correlation between the radial velocities of.dif.erent m.tallic lines located in the lower atm.sphere has been observed as *** the f.rst tim.,we were able to show that the am.litude of.the radial velocity curves deduced f.om.the lines of.hydrogen and that of.f.Ⅱ(λ4923.921?)increases toward the m.nim.m.of.the Blazhko cycle and decreases toward the m.xim.m.of.the sam. Blazhko ***,we f.und that the Van Hoof.ef.ect is also m.dulated by the Blazhko ***,toward the m.nim.m.of.the Blazhko cycle the Van Hoof.ef.ect is m.re visible and at the m.xim.m.of.the Blazhko cycle,this ef.ect is *** also observed the tem.oral evolution of.the am.litudes of.the radial velocities of.the lower and upper *** observed over a long tim.,we can interpret it as a f.nction of.the Blazhko phases.

关键词： stars:atm.spheres stars:variables:RR Lyrae shock waves techniques:spectroscopic techniques:radial velocities stars:individual(RR Lyr)

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BaTiO3 solid solutions co-doped with Gd3+ and Eu3+:Synthesis,structural evolution and dielectric properties

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Journal of.Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1920-1926页

作者： R.m.rtínez-López m.Pérez-Labra J.A.Rom.ro-Serrano f.R.Barrientos-Hernández m.Reyes-Pérez m.I.Valenzuela-Carrillo G.Urbano-Reyes V.E.Reyes-Cruz G.I.Dávila-Pulido Academ.c Area of.Earth Sciences and m.terials Autonomous University of Hidalgo State m.tallurgy and m.terials Departm.nt ESIQIE-IPNUPALM Autonom.us University of.Coahuila Boulevard Adolfo López Mateos S/n

In this paper,the synthesis,structural evolution,and dielectric properties of.BaTiO3solid solutions codoped with rare earth elem.nts(Gd3+and Eu3+) prepared using the solid-state reaction m.thod are *** pure precursor powders of.BaCl3,TiO2,Gd2O3,and Eu2O3were m.xed in stoichiom.tric proportions,ground in an agate m.rtar bef.re being uniaxially pressed at 250 m.a and sintered at 1300℃ in air atm.sphere f.r 6 h to obtain Ba1-3xGd2xTi1-3xEu4xO3（x=0,0.0015,0.01 and0.1）.X-ray dif.raction（XRD） and Rietveld's ref.nem.nt results reveal the crystal phase f.rroelectric tetragonal BaTiO3f.r the sam.les with x=0,0.0015 and 0.01, as well as a consistent increm.nt in the lattice param.ters caused by the *** solubility lim.t of.Gd3+and Eu3+in the BaTiO3structure is reached f.r the sam.le with x>0.01,and the orthorhom.ic Eu2TiO5and m.noclinic BaTi2O5secondary phases were *** Ram.n results show the characteristic peaks of.f.rroelectric tetragonal BaTiO3around 716 cm.1（LO of.A1 sym.etry）,515 cm.1（TO of.A1 sym.etry）,and 305 cm.1（B1）.The m.xim.m.relative perm.ttivity m.asured at 1 kHz was recorded to be 6151.8 f.r the sam.le with x=0.0015,and a decrease in the Curie tem.erature to 105℃ with respect to the undoped sam.le was *** punctual m.croanalysis f.r the sam.les with x=0.0015,0.01,and 0.1 reveals grains com.osed of.Ba,Ti,O,Gd,and Eu hom.geneously distributed in the *** Ba/Ti ratios f.r sam.les with x=0.0015,0.01 and 0.1 are 2.86,2.91,and 0.68,respectively,indicating substitution at the Ti site f.r sam.les with x=0.0015 and 0.01 and a substitution at the Ba site f.r the sam.le with x=0.1.

关键词： BaTiO3 Doping Europium Gadolinium Rare earths Synthesis

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Assessm.nt of.the piroxicam.incited m.del of.synchronized colitis in T-cell receptor alpha chain-def.cient m.ce

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Anim.l m.dels and Experim.ntal m.dicine 2024年第4期7卷 533-543页

作者： m.xim. E.Lange Danisa m.Bescucci Valerie f.Boras Tony m.ntina G.Douglas Inglis douglas inglis 11 lethbridge research and developm.nt centre agriculture and agri-food canadalethbridgealbertacanada alberta health services chinook regional hospitallethbridgealbertacanada departm.nt of.chem.stry and biochem.stry university of lethbridgelethbridgealbertacanada southern alberta genom. sciences centre university of lethbridgelethbridgealbertacanada

Background:A m.ltitude of.m.use m.dels are utilized to em.late and study intestinal inf.am.ation.T-cell receptor alpha chain(TCRα)-def.cient m.ce are used as a m.del of.spontaneous colitis that has sim.larities with hum.n ulcerative ***,colitis is triggered late in the lif. of.the m.use(age:4-5 m.nths),and inf.am.ation does not develop at the sam. tim. in dif.erent m.ce.A previously conducted study reported that the adm.nistration of.the drug piroxicam.triggered predictable and early colitis in TCRα-def.cient m.ce at the age of.6-8 ***,a detailed characterization of.ensuing inf.am.ation was not ***:We conducted an in-depth exam.nation of.piroxicam.triggered colitis in TCRα-def.cient m.ce,with em.hasis on spatial histopathologic changes and analysis of.expression of.inf.am.atory ***,we tested am.lioration of.colitis with ***:We conf.rm.d that piroxicam.induced a tim.-prescribed colitis and did so in the proxim.l colon as well as the cecum.of.TCRα-def.cient *** adm.nis-tration was observed to induce epithelial hyperplasia,goblet cell loss,and leukocyte inf.ltration with occasional ulceration.A Swiss roll technique was used to exam.ne the colon and cecum.in its ***,we observed that inf.am.ation was m.l-tif.cal segm.ntal,with areas of.tissue dam.ge in between healthy *** addition,we observed variability in the severity of.inf.am.ation am.ng replicate anim.ls and treatm.nts,and that the adm.nistration of.dexam.thasone only partially am.liorated inf.am.ation in the proxim.l ***:Piroxicam.consistently induced m.ltif.cal segm.ntal colitis in the proxi-m.l colon and cecum.although the degree of.inf.am.ation was reduced in the ***,spatial variability in inf.am.ation in the large intestine and the inter-replicate variation in the severity of.inf.am.ation m.st be taken into consideration when utilizing this m.rine m.del of.synchronized colitis.

关键词： colon dexam.thasone histology induction inf.am.ation knockout

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m.tigating Urban Heat Island Ef.ects: A Review of.Innovative Pavem.nt Technologies and Integrated Solutions

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Structural Durability & Health m.nitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： S.f.Ism.el A.H.Alias N.A.Haron B.B.Zaidan Abdulrahm.n m.Abdulghani Departm.nt of.Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA SP Jain School of.Global m.nagem.nt LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Departm.nt of.Com.unication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of.pavem.nt technologies in advancing urban *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of.these technologies,m.ticulously evaluating their socio-econom.c and environm.ntal im.acts,with a particular em.hasis on their role in m.tigating the urban heat island *** evaluation of.pavem.nt types and variables inﬂuencing pavem.nt perf.rm.nce to be used in the m.lti-criteria decision-m.king(m.Dm.f.am.work to choose the optim.l pavem.nt application are at the heart of.our *** serves to assess a spectrum.of.pavem.nt options,revealing insights into the m.st ef.ective and sustainable *** highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aim. to of.er a directional com.ass f.r f.ture urban planning and inf.astructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of.knowledge but also aim. to chart a course f.r f.ture exploration,em.hasizing the critical need f.r innovative and environm.ntally sensitive pavem.nt tech-nologies in the creation of.resilient and sustainable urban environm.nts.

关键词： Pavem.nt sustainability urban heat island environm.ntal im.act of.pavem.nts innovative pavem.nt solutions econom.c and social im.lications sustainable developm.nt in urban areas

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