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Occurrence of retained placenta is preceded by an inflam.atory state and alterations of energy m.tabolism.in transition dairy cows

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 423-435页

作者： Elda Dervishi Guanshi Zhang Dagnachew Hailem.riam.Suzana m.dunn Burim.N.Am.taj Departm.nt of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Alberta

Background： Failure to expel fetal m.m.ranes within 24 h of calving is a pathological condition defined as retained placenta（RP）. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether there are alterations in several selected serum.variables related to innate im.unity and carbohydrate and lipid m.tabolism.that precede occurrence of RP in transition Holstein dairy ***： One hundred m.ltiparous Holstein dairy cows were involved in the study. Blood sam.les were collected from.the coccygeal vein during the-8 to ＋4 wks around parturition, once per week before the m.rning *** healthy control cows（CON） and 6 cows with RP were selected and serum.sam.les at-8,-4, tim. of diagnosis of disease, and ＋4 wks relative to parturition were used for analyses. All sam.les were analyzed for lactate, nonesterified fatty acids（NEFA）, β-hydroxybutyrate（BHBA）, interleukin-1（IL-1）, interleukin-6（IL-6）, tum.r necrosis factor（TNF）, haptoglobin（Hp）, and serum.am.loid A（SAA）.Results： Cows with RP had greater concentrations of serum.lactate, IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and SAA in com.arison with CON cows. Intriguingly, elevated concentrations of all five variables were observed at-8 and-4 wks before the occurrence of RP com.ared to healthy cows. Cows with RP also had lower Dm. and m.lk production vs CON anim.ls; however m.lk com.osition was not affected by ***： Cows with RP showed an activated innate im.unity 8 wks prior to diagnosis of disease. Overall results suggest that serum.IL-1, IL- 6, and TNF, and lactate can be used as screening biom.rkers to indicate cows that m.ght have health issues during the transition period.

关键词： Innate im.unity Retained placenta Serum.m.tabolites Transition dairy cows

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Trans-Gulf of m.xico loop m.gration of tree swallows revealed by solar geolocation

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 653-659页

作者： David W. BRADLEY Robert G. CLARK Peter O. dunn Andrew J. LAUGHLIN Caz m. TAYLOR Carol VLECK Linda A. WHITTINGHAm.David W. WINKLER D. Ryan NORRIS Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W 1 Canada Bird Studies Canada Port Rowan Ontario N0E 1M0 Canada Environm.nt Canada. Saskatoon. Saskatchewan S7N 0X4. Canada Behavioral and m.lecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA Departm.nt of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-1020 USA Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Museum of Vertebrates and Lab of Ornithology Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

One of the greatest feats of avian m.gration is the non-stop crossing of extensive areas of inhospitable habitat such as deserts and seas. Differences in spring and autum. m.gration routes have been reported in species that cross such barriers, and are thought to have evolved in response to seasonal variation in prevailing wind direction. We tested the hypothesis that m.gration routes vary seasonally with respect to the Gulf of m.xico in the tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor using solar geolocators attached and retrieved at 4 breeding sites in central North Am.rica. We found that 100 % of birds （n = 10） m.de a trans-Gulf flight of 〉850 km.from.Louisiana south to their wintering grounds in the Yucatan Peninsula in 12-36 hours, achieving m.nim.m.ground speeds as high as 32 m.s. Although m.st days during autum. m.gration were characterized by unfavorable headwinds blowing to the northwest, m.gration over the Gulf m.stly occurred on days with strong winds blowing to the south. In contrast, in 8 of 9 （88 %） birds on spring m.gration returned from.the wintering grounds towards Louisiana following a clockwise loop pat- tern flying over land to the west around the Gulf. During this spring period there were few days with prevailing winds from.the south to assist northward m.gration. Results suggest that, despite being up to three tim.s further （ca. 2,700 kin）, a coastal circum.Gulf spring m.gration represents the less risky route when wind conditions are not favorable. These findings also help to resolve a long-standing dispute in the literature concerning m.gration patterns between the US Gulf coast and m.xico, and provide insight into the factors shaping m.gration strategies of sm.ll songbirds m.grating across large bodies of water [Current Zoology 60（5）： 653-559, 2014].

关键词： Ecological Barrier Geolocation Gulf of m.xico Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow m.gration

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Scientific case studies in land-use driven soil erosion in the central United States: Why soil potential and risk concepts should be included in the principles of soil health

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 63-78页

作者： Benjam.n L.Turner Jay Fuhrer m.lissa Wuellner Hector m.m.nendez Barry H.dunn Roger Gates Texas A&m.University-Kingsville Department of AgricultureAgribusinessand Environmental Science700 University Blvd.MSC 228KingsvilleTX 78363USA North Dakota Natural Resource Conservation Service 220 East Rosser AvenuePO Box 1458BismarckND 58502-1458USA University of Nebraska-Kearney Department of BiologyBruner Hall of Science240111th AvenueKearneyNE 68849-1140USA South Dakota State University Department of Natural Resource ManagementBox 2140BBrookingsSD 57007USA South Dakota State University Box 2201BrookingsSD 57007USA University of Georgia 104 S.Thornton Ave.DaltonGA 30720USA

Despite recent im.rovem.nts in overall soil health gained through conservation agriculture, which has becom. a global priority in agricultural system., soil and water-related externalities (e.g., wind and water erosion) continue to persist or worsen. Using an inductive, system. approach, we tested the hypothesis that such externalities persist due to expansion of cultivation onto areas unsuitable for sustained production. To test this hypothesis, a variety of data sources and analyses were used to uncover the land and water resource dynam.cs underlying noteworthy cases of soil erosion (either wind or water) and hydrological effects (e.g., flooding, shifting hydrographs) throughout the central United States. Given the evidence, we failed to reject the hypothesis that cultivation expansion is contributing to increased soil and water externalities, since significant increases in cultivation on soils with severe erosion lim.tations were observed everywhere the externalities were docum.nted. We discuss the case study results in term. of land use incentives (e.g., policy, econom.c, and biophysical), developing concepts of soil security, and ways to utilize case studies such as those presented to better com.unicate the value of soil and water resource conservation. Incorporating the tenets of soil potential and soil risk into soil health evaluations and cultivation decision-m.king is needed to better m.tch the soil resource with land use and help avoid m.re extrem. soil and water-related externalities.

关键词： Soil erosion Watershed runoff Soil potential Soil security Externality

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大鼠下颌下腺神经节分离神经元P2X受体的药理学研究

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中国药理学通报 2005年第3期21卷 314-318页

作者：马蓓 Philip m.dunn Geoffrey Burnstock 第二军医大学生理学教研室上海200433 英国伦敦大学学院自主神经研究所

目的研究大鼠下颌下腺副交感神经节分离神经元不同P2X受体的表达。方法用全细胞膜片钳的方法对大鼠下颌下腺神经节急性分离的神经元进行了药理学鉴定。结果在所有的神经元上,ATP都可以引起一个快速反应的缓慢失活的内向电流。但只在59%... 详细信息

目的研究大鼠下颌下腺副交感神经节分离神经元不同P2X受体的表达。方法用全细胞膜片钳的方法对大鼠下颌下腺神经节急性分离的神经元进行了药理学鉴定。结果在所有的神经元上,ATP都可以引起一个快速反应的缓慢失活的内向电流。但只在59%的神经元上,αβm.ATP也可以引起一个类似的内向电流。降低pH值及同时给予Zn2+可以增强ATP及αβm.ATP诱发的电流。而Iverm.ctin没有作用。结论在大鼠下颌下腺神经节急性分离的神经元上,主要表达同源二聚体P2X2受体和异源二聚体P2X2/3受体。

关键词：下颌下腺神经节 ATP P2X受体

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m.chine Learning Chem.cal Guidelines for Engineering Electronic Structures in Half-Heusler Therm.electric m.terials

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 978-985页

作者： m.xwell TDylla Alexander dunn Shashwat Anand Anubhav Jain G.Jeffrey Snyder Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityIL 60208USA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering UC BerkeleyCA 94720USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Technologies AreaCA 94720USA

Half-Heusler m.terials are strong candidates for therm.electric applications due to their high weighted m.bilities and power factors,which is known to be correlated to valley degeneracy in the electronic band ***,there are over 50 known sem.conducting half-Heusler phases,and it is not clear how the chem.cal com.osition affects the electronic *** all the n-type electronic structures have their conduction band m.nim.m.at either theΓ-or X-point,there is m.re diversity in the p-type electronic structures,and the valence band m.xim.m.can be at either theΓ-,L-,or ***,we use high throughput com.utation and m.chine learning to com.are the valence bands of known half-Heusler com.ounds and discover new chem.cal guidelines for prom.ting the highly degenerate W-point to the valence band *** do this by constructing an“orbital phase diagram.to cluster the variety of electronic structures expressed by these phases into groups,based on the atom.c orbitals that contribute m.st to their valence ***,with the aid of m.chine learning,we develop new chem.cal rules that predict the location of the valence band m.xim.m.in each of the *** rules can be used to engineer band structures with band convergence and high valley degeneracy.

关键词： structure valence bands

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Enhanced liver X receptor signalling reduces brain injury and prom.tes tissue regeneration following experim.ntal intracerebral haem.rrhage:roles of m.croglia/m.crophages

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第6期8卷 486-502,I0073-I0080页

作者： Ruiyi Zhang Yifei Dong Yang Liu Dorsa m.ezzi Sam.ra Ghorbani Reza m.rzaei Brian m.Lozinski Jeff F dunn V Wee Yong m.ngzhou Xue Departm.nt of Cerebrovascular Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Academ. of m.dical Science Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Departm.nt of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Departm.nt of Biochem.stry Microbiology&ImmunologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Departm.nt of Radiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

background Inflam.ation-exacerbated secondary brain injury and lim.ted tissue regeneration are barriers to favourable prognosis after intracerebral haem.rrhage(ICH).As a regulator of inflam.ation and lipid m.tabolism.Liver X receptor(LXR)has the potential to alter m.croglia/m.crophage(m.m.phenotype,and assist tissue repair by prom.ting cholesterol efflux and recycling from.*** support potential clinical translation,the benefits of enhanced LXR signalling are exam.ned in experim.ntal *** Collagenase-induced ICH m.ce were treated with the LXR agonist GW3965 or *** tests were conducted at m.ltiple tim. *** and haem.tom. volum.,and other brain param.ters were assessed using m.ltim.dal m.I with T2-weighted,diffusion tensor im.ging and dynam.c contrast-enhanced m.I *** fixed brain cryosections were stained and confocal m.croscopy was applied to detect LXR downstream.genes,m.m.phenotype,lipid/cholesterol-laden phagocytes,oligodendrocyte lineage cells and neural stem.*** blot and real-tim. qPCR were also ***3CR1^(CreER):Rosa26^(iDTR) m.ce were em.loyed for m.m.depletion *** GW3965 treatm.nt reduced lesion volum. and white m.tter injury,and prom.ted haem.tom. *** m.ce upregulated LXR downstream.genes including ABCA1 and Apolipoprotein E,and had reduced density of m.m.that apparently shifted from.proinflam.atory interleukin-1β+to Arginase1+CD206+regulatory *** cholesterol crystal or m.elin debris-laden phagocytes were observed in GW3965 *** activation increased the num.er of Olig2+PDGFRα+precursors and Olig2+CC1+m.ture oligodendrocytes in perihaem.tom.l regions,and elevated SOX2+or nestin+neural stem.cells in lesion and subventricular *** results supported better lesion recovery by GW3965,and this was corroborated by return to pre-ICH values of functional rotarod *** therapeutic effects of GW3965 were abrogated by m.m.depletion in CX3CR1^(CreER):Ros

关键词： m.tabolism injury depletion

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Hot electron effects on the operation of potential well barrier diodes

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Journal of Sem.conductors 2019年第12期40卷 82-86页

作者： m.Akura G.dunn m.m.ssous Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of AberdeenAberdeen City AB243UEUK Departm.nt of Physics University of AberdeenAberdeen City AB243UEUK School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

A study has just been carried out on hot electron effects in GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As potential well barrier(PWB)diodes using both m.nte Carlo(m.)and drift-diffusion(DD)m.dels of charge *** show the operation and behaviour of the diode in term. of electric field,m.an electron velocity and potential,m.an energy of electrons andΓ-valley *** m. m.del predicts lower currents flowing through the diode due to back scattering at anode(collector)and carrier heating at higher *** a bias of 1.0 V,the current density obtained from.experim.ntal result,m. and DD sim.lation m.dels are 1.35,1.12 and1.77μA/μm.2 *** reduction in current over conventional m.del,is com.ensated to a certain extent because less charge settles in the potential well and so the barrier is slightly *** DD m.del results in higher currents under the sam. bias and ***,at very low bias specifically,up to 0.3 V without any carrier heating effects,the DD and m. m.dels look pretty sim.lar as experim.ntal *** significant differences observed in the I-V characteristics of the DD and m. m.dels at higher biases confirm.the im.ortance of energy transport when considering these devices.

关键词： m.nte Carlo m.del back scattering carrier heating electron energy non-stationary fields

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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley m.rcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estim.ted im.act of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirem.nts for cervids are determ.ned through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determ.ne the effects of zinc on differences in dry m.tter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rum.ns were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm.water. Rum.n contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 m./kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 m./kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatm.nt groups. Average dry m.tter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om.between the treatm.nt groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this m.thodology did prove to be viable and functional for m.crobial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with m.ltiple experim.ntal units to confirm.the observations of increased digestibility. Form.l nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for m.re efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDm. In Vitro Cervids

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Epidem.ology of shoulder dislocations presenting to United States em.rgency departm.nts:An updated ten-year study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第9期14卷 690-697页

作者： Cole m.Patrick Josiah Snowden m.chael D Eckhoff Clare K Green John P Scanaliato John C dunn Nata Parnes Departm.nt of Orthopaedics William Beaumont Army Medical CenterFort BlissTX 79918United States Burnett School of m.dicine Texas Christian UniversityFort WorthTX 76129United States School of m.dicine and Health Sciences George Washington UniversityWashingtonWA 20052United States Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery Carthage Area HospitalCarthageNY 13619United States

BACKGROUND Glenohum.ral dislocation is a com.on injury that m.y predispose patients to chronic pain and ***,there is a paucity of current data available regarding the epidem.ological trends of this *** To provide an updated,com.arative assessm.nt of the epidem.ology of shoulder dislocations presenting to em.rgency departm.nts in the United *** also sought to analyze patient dem.graphic risk factors and consum.r products associated with dislocation *** Data were obtained from.the national electronic injury surveillance system.database for glenohum.ral dislocations between 2012 and ***,age,sex,and injury characteristics were analyzed using weighted population statistics as well as incidence rates and 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS In total,an estim.ted 773039 shoulder dislocations(CI:640598-905481)presented to em.rgency room. across the United States during the study *** annual incidence rate was 23.96 per 100000 persons and the average patient age at the tim. of injury was 37.1 *** m.re m.le patients sustained dislocations than fem.le patients(537189,69.5%,vs 235834,30.5%,Pm.r products,sports and recreation equipm.nt were involved in the highest proportion of incidents(44.31%),followed by hom. structures and construction m.terials(21.22%),and hom. furnishings,fixtures,and accessories(21.21%).Regarding product sub-groups,stairs,ram.s,landings,floors was cited in the greatest num.er of cases(131745).CONCLUSION The national annual incidence rate of glenohum.ral dislocations throughout the study period was approxim.tely 23.92 per 100000 *** adolescents sustained the highest proportion of dislocations,with a peak incidence in age group 15-20 years,predom.nantly secondary to participation in sporting and recreational ***,wom.n experienced a relatively consistent incidence of dislocation throughout their *** age 63,the i

关键词： Shoulder dislocation Epidem.ology United States Em.rgency departm.nt Glenohum.ral dislocation national electronic injury surveillance system

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巨细胞病毒通过母乳传播给极低出生体重儿

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 7-8页

作者： Doctor S. Friedm.n S. dunn m. S. 李开 Dept. Newborn and Devm.l. Paediatr. Sunnybrook Women’s Coll. Hlth. S. Women’s College Campus 76 Grenville Street Toronto Ont. M5S 1B2 Canada

Aim. To determ.ne the incidence, tim.ng and clinical significance of acquired postnatal cytom.galovirus (Cm.)-in extrem.ly low-birthweight (ELBW) infants. m.thods: Prospective, longitudinal surveillance study. ELBW infants were recruited in the first week of life. m.ternal blood was tested for Cm.-specific IgG antibodies. Weekly urine sam.les were obtained from.infants for Cm. culture and rapid antigen testing. Data were collected regarding clinical course and breast m.lk intake. Results: Of 181 eligible infants, 119 infants, born to 101 m.thers, were enrolled. Eighty of the 101 m.thers had their serum.checked for Cm. status. Seventy percent of those tested were seropositive for Cm.. Of the 65 infants born to seropositive m.thers, 94%received breast m.lk during their hospital stay. Com.lete urine collection was obtained in 92 infants. Cm. was cultured from.the urine of only four infants, all of whom.were born to seropositive m.thers. Only one of these four infants was sym.tom.tic. The range at which Cm. was first detected was between 48 and 72 postnatal days of age. Conclusions: Despite a very high Cm. seropositivity rate in m.thers of ELBW infants, and the previously reported high rate of Cm. excretion into breast m.lk, the incidence of postnatal Cm. transm.ssion was extrem.ly low in our study.

关键词：极低出生体重儿巨细胞病毒病毒培养感染征象出生后母乳喂养后天获得性临床病程抗体检测抗原检测

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