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Evaluating Effec. of m.gnetic.Field on Nusselt Num.er and Fric.ion Fac.or of Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 /Water Nanofluids in Heat-Sink Using Artific.al Intelligenc. Tec.niques

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Frontiers in Heat and m.ss Transfer 2025年第1期23卷 131-162页

作者： L. S. Sundar Sérgio m. O. Tavares António m. B. Pereira Antonio c. m. Sousa c.ntre for m.c.anic.l Tec.nology and Autom.tion Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of AveiroAveiro3810-131Portugal

The experim.ntal analysis takes too m.c. tim.-c.nsum.ng proc.ss and requires c.nsiderable effort, while, the Artific.al Neural Network (ANN) algorithm. are sim.le, affordable, and fast, and they allow us to m.ke a relevant analysis in establishing an appropriate relationship between the input and output param.ters. This paper deals with the use of bac.-propagation ANN algorithm. for the experim.ntal data of heat transfer c.effic.ent, Nusselt num.er, and fric.ion fac.or of water-based Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 m.gnetic.hybrid nanofluids in a m.ni heat sink under m.gnetic.fields. The data c.nsidered for the ANN network is at different Reynolds num.ers (239 to 1874), different volum. c.nc.ntrations (0% to 2.0%), and different m.gnetic.fields (250 to 1000 G), respec.ively. Three types of ANN bac.-propagation algorithm. Levenberg-m.rquardt (Lm., Broyden-Fletc.er-Goldfarb-Shanno Quasi Newton (BFGS), and Variable Learning Rate Gradient Desc.nt (VLGD) were used to train the heat transfer c.effic.ent, Nusselt num.er, and fric.ion fac.or data, respec.ively. The ANOVA t -test analysis was also perform.d to determ.ne the relative ac.urac. of the three ANN algorithm.. The Nusselt num.er of 2.0% vol. of Fe 3 O 4 -TiO 2 hybrid nanofluid is enhanc.d by 38.16% without a m.gnetic.field, and it is further enhanc.d by 88.93% with the m.gnetic.field of 1000 Gauss at a Reynolds num.er of 1874, with respec. to the base fluid. A total of 126 datasets of heat transfer c.effic.ent, Nusselt num.er, and fric.ion fac.or were used as input and output data. The three ANN algorithm. of Lm. BFGS, and VLGD, have shown good ac.eptanc. with the experim.ntal data with root-m.an-square errors of 0.34883, 0.25341, and 1.0202 with c.rrelation c.effic.ents (R 2 ) of 0.99954, 0.9967, and 0.94501, respec.ively, for the Nusselt num.er data. m.reover, the three ANN algorithm. predic. root-m.an-square errors of 0.001488, 0.005041, and 0.006924 with c.rrelation c.effic.ents (R 2 ) of 0.99982, 0.99976, and 0.99486, respec.

关键词： Artific.al neural network nusselt num.er fric.ion fac.or heat sink c.rrelations

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Assessing the Potential of Innovative c.ay Designs for Enhanc.ng Oyster Reef Restoration

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Open Journal of m.rine Sc.enc. 2025年第1期15卷 35-58页

作者： Natac.a m. S. Juste-Poinapen Quentin Gentili Natanael Hazel George c. Birc. c.m.lle Saurel Oyster Heaven Rotterdam The Netherlands Nuc.eus Rotterdam The Netherlands National Institute of Aquatic.Resourc.s Danish Shellfish Centre Technical University of Denmark Nykobing Mors Denmark

The restoration of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) population is c.itic.l for biodiversity and ec.system.servic.s rec.very. This study evaluates the potential of innovative c.ay substrates, developed and patented by Oyster Heaven, as c.st-effec.ive and degradable alternatives for large-sc.le oyster reef restoration. Field trials c.nduc.ed in an oyster aquac.lture site and hatc.ery experim.nts under c.ntrolled c.nditions assessed the larvae settlem.nt effic.enc., m.c.obial biofilm.c.m.osition, and environm.ntal influenc.s. Results showed signific.ntly lower larvae rec.uitm.nt on c.ay prototypes and spat c.llec.ors used as c.ntrol, in wild c.nditions, with environm.ntal fac.ors suc. as tem.erature and hypoxia playing a key role. In the hatc.ery, larvae preferred oyster shells (17,174 ± 659 spats/m.) over c.ay prototypes (2917 ± 111 spats/m.) and spat c.llec.ors (1451 ± 160 spats/m.). m.c.obial analysis revealed a shift towards c.anobac.eria and Woeseia spec.es, with Pseudoalterom.nadac.ae, a genus previously linked to both stim.lating and inhibiting larvae settlem.nt, detec.ed only on c.ay surfac.s. Despite c.allenges, the c.ay prototypes dem.nstrated potential as sustainable substrates for restoration, partic.larly in m.naged “spats-on-reefs” strategies. This researc. highlights the im.ortanc. of environm.ntal m.nitoring, m.c.obial interac.ions, and substrate optim.zation in enhanc.ng restoration suc.ess for O. edulis populations. Further investigations are rec.m.ended to refine c.ay designs and assess their broader applic.bility under variable environm.ntal c.nditions.

关键词： Oyster Restoration Larvae Settlem.nt Artific.al Substrate m.c.obial Biofilm Ostrea edulis

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Experim.ntal Study on a Hybrid Battery Therm.l m.nagem.nt System.c.m.ining Osc.llating Heat Pipe and Liquid c.oling

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Frontiers in Heat and m.ss Transfer 2025年第1期23卷 299-324页

作者： Hongkun Lu m. m. Noor K. Kadirgam. Sc.ool of Autom.tive Engineering Jiangxi Polytechnic University Jiujiang 332000 China Fac.lty of m.c.anic.l and Autom.tive Engineering Tec.nology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lah Pekan 26600 Malaysia c.ntre for Researc. in Advanc.d Fluid & Proc.sses Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lah Pekan 26600 Malaysia Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Kota Samarahan 94300 Malaysia

To im.rove the therm.l perform.nc. and tem.erature uniform.ty of battery pac., this paper presents a novel battery therm.l m.nagem.nt system.(BTm.) that integrates osc.llating heat pipe (OHP) tec.nology with liquid c.oling. The prim.ry innovation of the new hybrid BTm. lies in the use of an OHP with vertic.lly arranged evaporator and c.ndenser, enabling dual heat transfer pathways through liquid c.oling plate and OHP. This study experim.ntally investigates the perform.nc. c.arac.eristic. of the ⊥-shaped OHP and hybrid BTm.. Results show that lower filling ratios signific.ntly enhanc. the OHP’s startup perform.nc. but reduc. operational stability, with optim.l perform.nc. ac.ieved at a 26.1% filling ratio. Ac.tone, as a single working fluid, exhibited superior heat transfer perform.nc. under low-load c.nditions c.m.ared to m.xed fluids, while the ac.tone/ethanol m.xture, form.ng a non-azeotropic.solution, m.nim.zed tem.erature fluc.uations. At 100 W, the ⊥-shaped OHP with a horizontally arranged evaporator dem.nstrated better heat transfer perform.nc. than 2D-OHP designs. c.m.ared to a liquid BTm. using water c.olant at 280 W, the hybrid BTm. reduc.d the equivalent therm.l resistanc. ( R BTm. ) and m.xim.m.tem.erature differenc. ( ΔT m.x ) by 8.06% and 19.1%, respec.ively. When graphene nanofluid was used as the c.olant in hybrid BTm., the battery pac.’s average tem.erature ( T b ) dropped from.52.2°c.to 47.9°c. with R BTm. and ΔT m.x dec.easing by 20.1% and 32.7%, respec.ively. These findings undersc.re the hybrid BTm.’s suitability for high heat load applic.tions, offering a prom.sing solution for elec.ric.vehic.e therm.l m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Battery therm.l m.nagem.nt system osc.llating heat pipe liquid c.oling hybrid BTm. graphene nanofluid

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Photolum.nesc.nc. upgradation of La_(2)m.TiO_(6):2%Dy^(3+) perovskite with m.novalent(Li^(+)),divalent(Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+)) and trivalent(Bi^(3+),Sm.(3+))c.tion sensitization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 47-56,I0002页

作者： V.P.Veena K.Arun c.K.Shilpa S.V.Jasira K.m.Nissam.deen Sc.ool of Pure and Applied Physic. Kannur UniversityPayyanur CampusEdatKannurKrala67 India Departm.nt of Nanosc.enc. and Nanotec.nology Kannur UniversityPayyanur CampusEdatkannurKerala670327India

Nano phosphors of 2%Dy^(3+)(wt%)doped La_(2)m.TiO_(6) and m.novalent/divalent/trivalent c.-doped La_(1.98)Dy_(0.02)m.TiO_(6):x%A^(y+)(A^(y+):Li+,Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+),Bi^(3+),and Sm.(3+);0≤x≤2 wt%)were synthesized by c.m.ustion *** the XRD data,it is deduc.d that an inc.ease in the valenc. of c.-dopant inc.eases the c.ystallinity of the double perovskite orthorhom.ic.nanoc.ystal *** an inc.ease in c.-dopant size,an elevation in optic.l bandgap is visible with the highest bandgap of 3.835 eV for Bi^(3+).The photo-absorption is m.notonic.lly broadened for Sr^(2+),Sm.(3+),and Li+around 200-450 ***351 nm.Dy^(3+)triggered lattic. shows m.jor c.arac.eristic.em.ssion peaks at 480 nm.^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2)),574 nm.^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)),and 670 nm.^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(11/2)).leading to near white light em.ssion with c.E c.ordinates(0.341,0.376).Upon c.-doping,the PL intensity is signific.ntly inc.eased with m.xim.m.em.ssion for trivalent Sm.(3+),followed by divalent Sr^(2+)and m.novalent Li+*** inc.easing exc.tation wavelength,Sr^(2+)shows a dom.nated output and it is found that divalent Sr^(2+)is a potential c.dopant that c.uld enhanc. lum.nesc.nc. intensity up to 6 tim.s with a Sr^(2+)→Dy^(3+)energy transfer effic.enc. of 86%.It is spec.fied that the c.E c.ordinates of Li+c.-doped sam.les show ideal white em.ssion with c.lor c.ordinates(0.333,0.336).The c.nc.uding outc.m.s signify the noblest rare earth Sm.(3+)c.-doping and thus Sm.(3+)→Dy^(3+)energy transfer m.c.anism.is disc.ssed in detail.

关键词： Photolum.nesc.nc. Perovskite WLED c.-doping Rareearths

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UV reflec.anc. but no evidenc. for c.lour m.m.c.y in a putative brood-dec.ptive orc.id c.rybas c.eesem.nii

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c.rrent Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 104-113页

作者： m. m. KELLY A. c. GASKETT Sc.ool of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Rewardless orc.ids attrac. pollinators by food, sexual, and brood-site m.m.c.y, but other form. of sensory dec.ption m.y also operate. Helm.t orc.ids （c.rybas, Nem.toc.ras and related genera） are often assum.d to be brood-site dec.ivers that m.m.c.the c.lours and sc.nts of m.shroom. to fool fem.le fungus gnats （m.c.tophilidae） into attem.ting oviposition and polli- nating flowers. We sam.led spec.ral reflec.anc.s and volatile odours of an endem.c.terrestrial New Zealand orc.id c.rybas c.eesem.nii, and c.-oc.urring wild m.shroom.. The orc.id is sc.ntless to hum.ns and SPm. Gc.m. analyses did not detec. any odours, but m.re sensitive m.thods m.y be required. The orc.ids reflec.ed strongly ac.oss all visible wavelengths （300-700nm. with peaks in the UV （-320nm., yellow-green （500-600 nm. and red regions （650-700 nm., whereas m.shroom. and surrounding leaf litter reflec.ed predom.nantly red and no UV. Rather than m.m.c.ing m.shroom., these orc.ids m.y attrac. pollinators by exploiting insec.s＇ strong sensory bias for UV. m.delling spec.ral reflec.anc.s into a c.tegoric.l fly vision m.del and a generic.tetrac.rom.t vision m.del provided very different results, but neither suggest any m.m.c.y of m.shroom.. However, these m.dels require further assessm.nt and data on fly spec.ral sensitivity to red wavelengths is lac.ing - a problem.given the predom.nanc. of red, fly-pollinated flowers worldwide

关键词： Diptera c.lour spac. Fly pollination Orc.idac.ae Spec.ral reflec.anc. Visual m.delling

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Hear no evil： The effec. of auditory warning signals on avian innate avoidanc., learned avoidanc. and m.m.ry

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 197-207页

作者： Em.a c. SIDDALL Nic.la m. m.RPLES Sc.ool of Natural Sc.enc.s Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

m.ny aposem.tic.insec. spec.es advertise their toxic.ty to potential predators using olfac.ory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produc. a m.ltim.dal warning display. The olfac.ory signals in these displays m.y have interesting effec.s, suc. as elic.ting innate avoidanc. against novel c.lored prey, or im.roving learning and m.m.ry of defended prey. However, little is known about the effec.s of suc. anc.llary signals when they are auditory rather than olfac.ory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided c.nflic.ing results. The c.rrent study sought to c.arify and extend understanding of the effec.s of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The dom.stic.c.ic. Gallus gallus dom.stic.s was used as a m.del avian predator to exam.ne how the defensive buzzing sound of a bum.lebee Bom.us terrestris affec.ed the c.ic.＇s innate avoidanc. behavior, and the learning and m.m.ry of prey avoidanc.. The results dem.nstrate that the buzzing sound had no effec. on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposem.tic.lly c.lored c.um.s, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris m.y provide no additional protec.ion from.avian predators .

关键词： Aposem.tism Auditory signals Dietary c.nservatism Avoidanc. learning m.m.rability m.ltim.dal signaling

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The effec. of pyrazine odor on avoidanc. learning and m.m.ry in wild robins Erithac.s rubec.la

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 208-214页

作者： Em.a c. SIDDALL Nic.la m. m.RPLES Sc.ool of Natural Sc.enc.s Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Toxic.insec.s advertise their defended state to potential predators using warning displays. Frequently these displays use c.es through m.re than one sensory m.dality, and c.m.ine c.lor, sm.ll and sound to produc. a m.ltim.dal warning display. Signalling through m.re than one sensory pathway m.y enhanc. the rate of avoidanc. learning, and the m.m.rability of the learned avoidanc.. A c.m.on insec. warning odor, pyrazine, has previously been shown to inc.ease the rate of learned avoidanc. of unpalatable yellow prey by dom.stic.c.ic.s （GaUus gallus dom.stic.s）, and the odor also im.roved m.m.ry of this learned avoidanc.. However, to date no researc. has exam.ned this response to pyrazine odor using wild birds under natural c.nditions. This study used wild robins （Erithac.s rubec.la） to investigate whether wild birds avoided yellow baits that sm.lled of pyrazine m.re strongly than those presented with no odor. The results provide som. evidenc. that pyrazine odor does inc.ease the level of protec.ion an aposem.tic.insec. gains from.a wild avian predator, but that the effec. of pyrazine on learned avoidanc. was m.c. weaker than was found with dom.stic.c.ic.s .

关键词： Aposem.tism Learned avoidanc. m.m.ry m.ltim.dal warning display Pyrazine Robins

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The evolution of m.lti-c.m.onent visual signals in darters （genus Etheostom.）

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 125-139页

作者： Jennifer m. GUm. Tam.a c. m.NDELSON Departm.nt of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore MD 21250 USA

As c.m.lex traits evolve, eac. c.m.onent of the trait m.y be under different selec.ion pressures and c.uld respond independently to distinc. evolutionary forc.s. We used c.m.arative m.thods to exam.ne patterns of evolution in m.ltiple c.m.onents of a c.m.lex c.urtship signal in darters, spec.fic.lly addressing the question of how nuptial c.loration evolves ac.oss different areas of the body. Using spec.ral reflec.anc., we defined 4 broad c.lor c.asses present on the body and fins of 17 spec.es of freshwater fishes （genus Etheostom.） and quantified differenc.s in hue within eac. c.lor c.ass. Anc.stral state rec.nstruc.ion suggests that m.st c.lor traits were expressed in the m.st rec.nt c.m.on anc.stor of sam.led spec.es and that differenc.s am.ng spec.es are m.stly due to losses in c.loration. The evolutionary lability of c.loration varied ac.oss body regions; we found sig- nific.nt phylogenetic.signal for orange c.lor on the body but not for m.st c.lors on fins. Finally, patterns of c.lor evolution and hue Of the c.lors were c.rrelated am.ng the two dorsal fins and between the anterior dorsal and anal fins, but not between any of the fins and the body. The observed patterns support the hypothesis that different c.m.onents of c.m.lex signals m.y be subjec. to distinc. evolutionary pressures, and suggests that the c.m.ination of behavioral displays and m.rphology in c.m.unic.tion m.y have a strong influenc. on patterns of signal evolution .

关键词： c.m.arative m.thod Etheostom. Independent evolution Nuptial c.loration

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Analysis of Rheologic.l Behavior of Som. Aqueous PEO Gels under Therm.l Treatm.nt

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c.inese Physic. Letters 2009年第7期26卷 362-365页

作者： m. Todic. and c. V. Pop Fac.lty of Physic. Babes-Bolyai University 400084 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Evolution of visc.sity of som. aqueous poly （ethylene oxide） gels is observed as func.ions of polym.ric.c.nc.ntration and tem.erature for sam.les subjec.ed to therm.l shoc.. The experim.ntal data are analyzed following an appropriate algorithm. and reveal the transient effec. from.Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow as a func.ion of the polym.ric.c.nc.ntration.

关键词： Soft m.tter liquids and polym.rs Fluid dynam.c.

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Effec. of the textural properties of roc.s on their c.ushing and grinding features

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Journal of University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Beijing 2006年第5期13卷 385-392页

作者： B. Kekec.m. Unal c. Sensogut m.ning Engineering Departm.nt Selcuk University Konya Turkey m.ning Engineering Departm.nt Dumlupinar University Kutahya Turkey

To study the effec. of the textural properties of roc.s on their c.ushing feature, the distribution of partic.e size, the texture, grinding and c.ushing c.arac.eristic. of the roc.s were investigated, and the relations am.ng them.were then analyzed using statistic.l m.thods. The relations between the textural properties and the physic.l and m.c.anic.l features of roc.s were determ.ned.

关键词： roc. textural properties c.ushing grinding

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