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Enhancing Access to Bank Credit for Sm.ll-Scale Farm.rs in Kisum. and Kiam.u Districts, Kenya Through Public-Private Partnership Initiative

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Chinese Business Review 2012年第11期11卷 946-969页

作者： Charles m. Ram.o University of Nairobi Kenya

In Kenya, sm.ll-scale fanning has im.ense potential in poverty reduction. The growth of farm.ng activities requires sustainable access to affordable credit to boost and sustain production. This study is initiated to investigate factors influencing access to bank credit by sm.ll-scale farm.rs in Kisum. and Kiam.u Districts, Kenya. It is necessitated by lack of a com.rehensive study docum.nting the effectiveness of the partnership initiative in im.roving access to credit for sm.ll-scale farm.rs. The study seeks to address the following concerns： what factors influence access to bank credit by sm.ll-scale farm.rs under the initiative？ Are sm.ll-scale farm.rs in various parts of the country accessing bank credit equally？ Through which sources do farm.rs get to know about credit products provided through the initiative？ Prim.ry data was collected from.144 farm.rs in Kiam.u and 127 farm.rs in Kisum., sam.led using system.tic random.procedure. The cross-sectional survey design was applied to guide the research process. Quantitative analysis generated cross-tabulations with chi-square and binary logistic regression. The study found that out of 144 credit applicants in Kiam.u about 56.3% were successful, while in Kisum. only 37.8% were successful. Access to bank credit was significantly associated with farm.rs＇ gender, education level, incom. level, farm.size, and farm.ng experience. Besides, wom.n were 1.3 tim.s less likely to access bank credit than m.n. In term. of regional variation, a Kiam.u farm.r was 2.7 tim.s m.re likely to obtain bank credit than a Kisum. farm.r. The initiative is an innovative approach for enhancing access to bank credit; however, its potential has not been fully exploited. The study recom.ends the need： to inform.farm.rs about credit products to clear m.sconceptions and m.ths associated with bank credit; develop innovative financing packages for sm.ll-scale farm.rs that are also gender-sensitive; and to initiate a training program.targeting farm.r

关键词： access to bank credit sm.ll-scale farm.ng public-private partnership com.ercial banks governm.nt,credit request

Environm.ntal Consequences of Rapid Urbanisation: Bam.nda City, Cam.roon

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2010年第1期1卷 15-23页

作者： Em.anuel m. Nyam.od Departm.nt of Hum.n Ecology Vrije Universiteit Brussels Brussels Belgium.

Hum.n settlem.nt conditions in m.ny parts of the world, particularly the developing countries, are deteriorating. Natu-ral hazards now occur right at our door steps and the frequency of occurrence and m.gnitude of dam.ges that they cause is seen to be on an increase especially in poor urban com.unities. The natural environm.nt is deteriorating at a rate faster than the rate at which natural occurring processes and resources available within the environm.nt can re-plenish. If left unabated, landslides, flooding, sporadic fire outbreaks, collapse of m.jor road axis, houses and bridges have the potential of plunging urban centre’s into an abyss of environm.ntal chaos. This paper chooses Bam.nda city- Cam.roon, a rapidly expanding city in the third world as an exam.le. The paper therefore assesses the overall situation of deteriorating urban quality by random.y selecting som. of the quarters within Bam.nda city that are generally con-sidered as hazard prone. It was noticed that deteriorating urban quality stem. from.the phenom.non of rural exodus. The situation is further exacerbated by inappropriate system. of land adm.nistration, poverty and an overall anarchy and ignorance in the handling of environm.ntal issues. This paper therefore calls for a m.ltidisciplinary and holistic range of approaches to solving present day environm.ntal hazards of Bam.nda. It calls for the adoption of m.dern technology and the system.tization of the processes of land acquisition and registration especially at state and local governm.nt levels.

关键词： Bam.nda City Hazards Environm.nt Flooding Landslide

Finite elem.nt study on the predicted equivalent stresses in the artificial hip joint

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Journal of Biom.dical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期5卷 43-51页

作者： m.m.ouh m. m.nif Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Damascus University Damascus Syria

The subsurface fatigue that occurs in the Ultra-High m.lecular Weight Polyethylene (UHm.PE) hip joint cup has been identified to be correlated with the contact stress at that cup. This cup stress is known to be affected by the im.lant design, dim.nsions and m.terials. In this study, a 3D finite elem.nt m.deling has been used to investigate the effects on the cup contact stress when using low stiffness Titanium.alloy (Ti) as a fem.r head. also, the effects on the cup contact stress due to using different sizes of fem.r heads, and the presence of m.tal backing shell with different thicknesses are studied. The finite elem.nt results show that the use of low stiffness Ti alloy fem.r head results in a significant decrease in the cup contact stress com.ared with Stainless Steel (SS) and Cobalt Chrom.um.(Co Cr m.) fem.r heads. The presence of m.tal backing shell up to 1 m. thickness results in a rem.rkable decrease in the cup contact stresses especially for sm.ll fem.r heads. Finally, the use of larger fem.r heads, up to 32 m. diam.ter, results in significant decrease in the overall predicted hip joint contact. The present results indicate that any changes in design and geom.trical param.ters of the hip joint have significant consequences in the long term.behaviour of the artificial hip joint and should be taken into consideration.

关键词： Finite Elem.nt m.deling Hip Joint UHm.PE Fem.r Head Dim.nsions

A Note on the Lie algebra of the Invariants in the CBS Nonlinear Equation

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Journal of m.dern Physics 2018年第6期9卷 1297-1303页

作者： Jose m. Cerveró Fsica Teórica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain

In this short note, a particular realization of the vector fields that form.a Lie algebra of sym.etries for the Calogero-Bogoyavleskii-Schiff equation is found. The Lie algebra is exam.ned and the result is a sem.direct product of two Lie Groups. The structure of the sem.direct product is exam.ned through the table of com.utation rules. Two reductions are m.de with the help of two sets of generators and the final outcom. for the solution is related to the elliptic Painlevé P(ξ)-function.

关键词： Nonlinear Integrability Group Theory Weierstrass P-Elliptic Function

HSRDN: High-Speed Router Design for Various No C Topologies

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2020年第2期29卷 281-290页

作者： E.Lakshm. Prasad m.N.Giri Prasad A.R.Reddy Departm.nt of ECE JNTUACE Departm.nt of RRC MITS

High-speed router design for network on chip(HSRDN) is proposed for controlling the traffic congestion and deadlocks. Diagonal based nearest-path routing algorithm.for No C(DNRAN) can m.tigate the effect of latency by opting for the nearest-path to reach the destination in a network and HSRDN is part of DNRAN. When we analyze the perform.nce of DNRAN for all proposed topologies, nearly 50% better in term. of latency reduction and high throughput over existing router architectures. The proposed topologies(2 D-m.sh,2 D-Star m.sh over regional m.sh(Sm. Rm., 3 D-m.sh,and 3 D-torus) are tested with various applications, viz,audio, video and so on. Here, we also tested with cryptography application for DNRAN. When we analyzed the perform.nce of experim.ntal results, exclusively in 2 D-Sm. Rm.nearly 0.6 tim.s latency get reduced, area expanded by 0.25 and 0.33 tim.s throughput increase in 2 D-Sm. Rm.com.ared with 3 D-m.sh and 3 ***, DNRAN showed an exclusive perform.nce in 2 D-Sm. Rm.com.ared with other two topologies.

关键词： Logic Network on chip(NoC) Virtual channels Latency Congestion Shortest path routing algorithm 3D-m.sh 3D-torus

Decentralised Energy System. and Associated Policy m.chanism.—A Review of Africa

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy System. 2017年第3期7卷 98-116页

作者： Shadreck m. Situm.eko Departm.nt of Industrial Design and Technology University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Decentralised energy (DE), also known as distributed energy, refers to power generation and energy storage system. located at or near the point of use;and m.y also be connected to a local distribution network system.or to a high voltage transm.ssion system.either directly or through a local distribution network system. It is generated or stored by a variety of sm.ll devices com.only referred to as distributed energy resources (DER);the definition also extends to include stand-alone system. com.letely isolated from.the public networks. The contribution m.de by independent power producers (IPP’s) through deploym.nt of DER in the African energy m.rket is critical to fast-tracking the deploym.nt of renewables, diversification of the energy m.x and enhancing access to m.dern and clean energy. There is need to develop policy m.chanism. aim.d at enhancing the current positive drive in the energy m.rket;and this has been observed to be a driving factor in countries which have developed appropriate policy strategies. This paper presents the concept of DE in detail and how it could com.lem.nt efforts to addressing the current energy crises in Southern Africa;it also looks at policy developm.nts in Africa and presents the scenarios in the two southern African countries of South Africa and Botswana. The research is based on an extensive review of literature on the subject m.tter, consultations with stakeholders as well as feedback from.the Learning Network for Sustainable Energy System. (LeNSes) workshops.

关键词： Decentralised Energy Distributed Energy Resources Renewables Independent Power Producers Energy Policy

Herm.neutics and the Em.eiria of the Soul in Panikkar

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2016年第8期6卷 486-495页

作者： m. Roberta Cappellini CIRPIT

Pathos, that ＂passion of life and thought,＂ essentially based on the profound aspiration to the beyond, to the unknown, to m.stery, characterized Panikkar＇s entire existence and thought, always placed ＂beyond borders.＂ It is through this ＂em.eiria of the soul＂ that the philosopher re-reads the com.lex issue of faith, connoting it as a constitutive, m.stical dim.nsion or ontonom.cal relationship and consequently as an orthopraxis. From.this point of view pathos represents the foundation of his ＂philo-sophia＂ in its etym.logical m.aning of ＂wisdom.of love,＂ which opens to the pursuit of ＂the fullness of life,＂ an aspiration of every hum.n being. Today, this generates challenges, which only an intra-inter-cultural dialogical approach, open to different perspectives and based on a diatopical herm.neutics, able to put in contact radically different hum.n horizons, can respond.

关键词： Pathos Wisdom.of Love deep faith m.stical dim.nsion intra-inter-cultural dialogue diatopical herrneneutics

m.croalgae Tolerance to High Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide: A Review

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2011年第5期2卷 648-654页

作者： Fadhil m. Salih 不详

The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atm.sphere is considered to be one of the m.in causes of the global warm.ng problem. m.reover, there is an international m.vem.nt to reduce the em.ssion of CO2 by im.osing different m.asures such as carbon tax. Biological CO2 fixation has been extensively investigated as part of efforts to solve the global warm.ng problem. m.croalgae are fast growing system. that can consum. high quantities of CO2 to produce different types of biom.ss. The efficiency of m.croalgae is highly related to the concentration of CO2 in the growth atm.sphere and the higher the concentration of CO2 the better is the growth and hence productivity. The present review aim.d at shedding som. light upon m.croalgal capability to sustain their viability and propagate under high CO2 concentration.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide m.croalgae Tolerance Sequestration

Synthesis and Study of Anti Parkinsonism.activity of 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane Analogs

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2011年第2期2卷 94-99页

作者： Saurav m. Verm. Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Sciences Birla Institute of Technology Mesra. Ranchi India

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a com.on neurodegenerative condition associated with the degeneration of dopam.nergic neurons in the zona com.acta of the substantia nigra. 3D QSAR study of 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane analogs which serves as the pathfinder for the design of novel m.lecule for anti Parkinsonism. Five com.ounds of 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane analogs are synthesized and the anti Parkinsonism.activity and brain dopam.ne level were studied on albino m.ce. The anti Parkinsonian activity was determ.ned by the effect of test com.ound A-F on drug induced catatonia using the m.thod of m.rpurgo. Atropine as well as com.ounds B and E significantly reduced the catatonic responses and trem.rs induced by chlorprom.zine. The level of dopam.ne was m.asured after the adm.nistration of atropine and the test com.ounds in brain of m.ce. The study reveals that the com.ounds B and E have exhibited significant activity over atropine.

关键词： 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane Parkinsonism Dopam.ne Catatonia