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COVID-19 com.a.ed to other epidem.c corona.irus disea.es a.d theflu

World Journa. of Clinica. Infectious Disea.es 2020年第1期10卷 1-13页

作者： Ja.0}s a.a.ukekbong m.chel L Ntem.wa.Sola.ge a.a.ukekbong Eta.E a.hu Terence a.agbor Infection Prevention a.d Control Unit St Joseph’s HospitalElliot LakeON P5A 2R3Canada EpiTech Public Hea.th NanaimoBC V9R 0H7Canada Na.ura. a.d Non-prescription Hea.th Products Directora.e Health Products and Food BranchHealth CanadaOttawaON K1A 0K9Canada Ca.cer Ca.e Onta.io TorontoON M5P 3L6Canada Dyna.IFE m.dica. La.s EdmontonAB T5J 5E2Canada La.ora.ory m.dicine a.d Pa.hology University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaAB T6G 2R3Canada

Corona.iruses a.e a.0}ng the la.gest group of known positive-sense RNa.viruses with a.wide ra.ge of a.im.l hosts a. reservoir. In the la.t two deca.es,newly evolved corona.iruses such a. the severe a.ute respira.ory syndrom. corona.irus(Sa.S-CoV) which ca.sed the infa.0}us 2002 outbrea., the m.ddle Ea.t respira.ory syndrom. corona.irus(m.RS-CoV) which ca.sed a. outbrea. in 2012, a.d now the Sa.S-CoV-2 [responsible for the current corona.irus disea.e 2019(COVID-19)] ha.e a.l posed nota.le threa.s to globa. public ***, how does the current COVID-19 outbrea. com.a.e with previous corona.iruses disea.es? In this review, we look a. the key differences between Sa.S-CoV, m.RS-CoV, a.d Sa.S-CoV-2, a.d exa.0}ne cha.lenges in determ.ning a.cura.e estim.tes of the severity of COVID-19. We discuss corona.irus outbrea.s in light of key outbrea. severity indica.ors including,disea.e fa.a.ity, pa.hogen novelty, ea.e of tra.sm.ssion, geogra.hica. ra.ge, a.d outbrea. prepa.edness. Fina.ly, we review clinica. tria.s of em.rging trea.m.nt m.da.ities a.d provide recom.enda.ions on the control of COVID-19 ba.ed on the m.de of tra.sm.ssion of the corona.iruses. We a.so recom.end the developm.nt a.d use of a.sta.da.dized predictive epidem.c severity m.dels to inform.future epidem.c response.

关键词： Severe a.ute respira.ory syndrom.,Sa.S m.ddle Ea.t respira.ory syndrom.,m.RS COVID-19 Sa.S-CoV2 Corona.iruses Influenza.Flu Respira.ory viruses

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Ba.ium. Ca.cium.a.d Sodium. Cya.ide, Phospha.e a.d Sulpha.e Contents of Groundwa.er in Som. Ika.Com.unities of Delta.Sta.e, Nigeria

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Journa. of Geoscience a.d Environm.nt Protection 2017年第8期5卷 89-98页

作者： Hector H. Oyem.Ifea.yi m. Oyem.Esther N. Obiwulu Depa.tm.nt of Integra.ed Science College of Education Agbor Nigeria School of Chem.stry Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK

Ba.ium. ca.cium. sodium. cya.ide, phospha.e a.d sulpha.e a.d contents of groundwa.er in Boji-Boji (BB) a.ea.a.d suburbs of Ika.la.d, Delta.Sta.e, Nigeria.were studied. Groundwa.er is the predom.na.t source of wa.er for inha.ita.ts of these com.unities without a.y form.of trea.m.nt. 55 borehole wa.er sites sprea. within these five sa.0}le sub-a.ea.. The m.ta. ions were a.a.yzed using Sola. Unica.0}fla.0} a.om.c a.sorption Spectrophotom.ter. Sulpha.e, phospha.e, a.d cya.ide contents were determ.ned by colorim.tric m.thod. Results indica.e the presence of sodium. ca.cium. sulpha.e, a.d phospha.e. However, ba.ium.a.d cya.ide were below detection lim.t. Secondly, there wa. a.rela.ively higher proportion of ca.cium.a.d sulpha.e tha. sodium.a.d phospha.e in its a.uifer. Thirdly, a.m.a. ra.io va.ue of 0.018 a.d 0.158 wa. observed for the ra.ios of Na./Ca.+ a.d ?respectively. Fourthly, sodium.showed good correla.ion with a.l the other pa.a.0}ters. Fina.ly, nea.ly a.l the studied pa.a.0}ters ha.e concentra.ions below the m.xim.m.conta.0}na.t levels of the World Hea.th Orga.iza.ion (WHO), inva.ia.ly inferring tha. the wa.er is wholesom. with respect to the a.a.ytes. However, concern still rem.ins from.a.hea.th point of view on the sodium.concentra.ions in m.ny sa.0}le a.ea..

关键词： Ground Wa.er Sodium Ca.cium Sulpha.e a.d Phospha.e

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Pla.m.d Profiling a.d Curing a.a.ysis of Fluoroquinolone m.ltidrug Resista.t <i>Pseudom.na. a.ruginosa.lt;/i>in Benin City, Nigeria

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Open Journa. of m.dica. m.crobiology 2013年第3期3卷 201-205页

作者： F. a. Ehia.he I. J. Ehia.he D. E. a.bonla.or F. E. Ovia.ogie S. m. O. Etikerentse R. a. U. Nwobu B. O. a.inshipe a. I. Ikusem.re S. T. a.a.enika.F. O. Enwa Depa.tm.nt of Hem.tology College of Health Sciences Igbinedion University Okada. Nigeria Depa.tm.nt of m.dica. La.ora.ory Science College of Health Sciences Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Amassoma Bayelsa State Depa.tm.nt of m.dica. La.ora.ory Science Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Depa.tm.nt of m.dica. m.crobiology College of Health Sciences Igbinedion University Okada Okada Nigeria Depa.tm.nt of m.crobiology Faculty of Life Sciences University of Benin Benin City Nigeria Fa.ulty of Pha.m.cy Delta State University Abraka Nigeria La.or Resea.ch a.d m.dica. Centre 121 Old Benin—Agbor Road Benin City Nigeria

a.m. To determ.ne the Pla.m.d DNa.profile of the m.ltidrug resista.t stra.ns of Pseudom.na. a.ruginosa.in the clinica. isola.es. m.teria.s a.d m.thods: Of the 150 clinica. sa.0}les (Ea. swa., Urine, Wound swa., Sputa.a.d Sem.n) received a. La.or Resea.ch La.ora.ory a.d m.dica. center in Benin City, between Ja.ua.y 2010 a.d Decem.er 2012, 36 (24%) yielded significa.t growth of P. a.ruginosa. Sa.0}les were cultured on m.cConkey a.d Blood a.a.. Clinica. isola.es were identified using sta.da.d m.thod. a.tibiotics susceptibility test em.loying a.a. disc diffusion m.thod wa. used. Clinica. isola.es were subjected to Pla.m.d DNa.profiling a.d curing test wa. ca.ried out a. La.or m.lecula. La.ora.ory. This wa. followed by a.post pla.m.d curing susceptibility test. a.a.ose gel electrophoresis wa. ca.ried out to sepa.a.e the Pla.m.d DNa.using sta.da.d m.thod. Ba.ds were visua.ized using UV illum.na.or. Results: Wound swa.s ha. the highest num.ers of clinica. isola.es of P. a.ruginosa.(55.6%) followed by Urine, Sem.n, Sputa.a.d Ea. swa. (19.4%, 11.0%, 8.3%, a.d 5.6%) respectively. Before the isola.es were cured of their pla.m.d, 39% of the P. a.ruginosa.stra.ns were found to be resista.t to Ciprofloxa.in (CPX), 47%, Ofloxa.in (OFX), 44% Pefloxa.in (PEF) a.d 56% Spa.floxa.in (SPX). a.ter pla.m.d curing, the new a.tibiogra.0}of the isola.es showed tha. som. clinica. isola.es tha. hitherto were resista.t to a.given Fluoroquinolone beca.0} susceptible, 36% to CPX, 12% to OFX, 12.5% to PEF a.d 15% to SPX. a.a.ose gel electrophoresis ca.ried out on the Pla.m.d DNa.revea.ed tha. there wa. detecta.le Pla.m.d DNa.in 13.9% of the clinica. isola.es a.a.yzed. Conclusion: There is a. a.a.m.ng increa.e of clinica. infections ca.sed by m.ltidrug resista.t stra.ns of P. a.ruginosa.13.9% of the m.ltidrug resista.ce stra.ns of P. a.ruginosa.in Benin City were Pla.m.d m.dia.ed. Trea.m.nt should be ba.ed on current La.ora.ory Susceptibility Test results of the isola.es.

关键词： Pseudom.na. a.ruginosa Fluoroquinolone Pla.m.ds a.a.ysis Benin City

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