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Im.acts of Hum.n Activities and Season on Species Diversity and Abundance of Butterflies in m.anga Kipengere Gam. Reserve and Surrounding Farm.ands, Tanzania

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第4期14卷 274-291页

作者： Privatus m. Kasisi Nsajigwa m.ije Paul Lyim. Departim.nt of Ecosystem.Science and m.nagem.nt College of Forest Wildlife and Tourism Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Departim.nt of Wildlife m.nagem.nt College of Forest Wildlife and Tourism Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

m.intaining natural habitats is crucial for the preservation of insects and other species that indicate environm.ntal changes. However, the m.anga/Kipengere Gam. Reserve and its surrounding farm.ands are facing disturbance due to hum.n activities, which is putting m.ny wildlife species, particularly larger m.m.als, at risk. To determ.ne the im.act of hum.n activities on butterfly species diversity and abundance in the reserve and its surrounding areas, we conducted a study from.Novem.er 2021 to October 2023. We collected butterfly data using transect walks and baited traps in two habitat types. Our study yielded 2799 butterfly Individuals ranging in 124 species divided into five fam.lies habitat, season, and anthropogenic factors are significant environm.ntal variables influencing species diversity and abundance of butterflies. Therefore, it’s im.ortant to protect habitat and dry-season water for the conservation of invertebrates such as butterflies. Our study findings provide essential inform.tion for ecological m.nitoring and future assessm.nt of the m.anga/Kipengere Gam. Reserve ecosystem.health.

关键词： m.anga Kipengere Gam. Reserve Species Diversity Habitat Butterflies Season Hum.n Activities

Does the Redshift Distribution of Swift Long GRBs Trace the Star-Form.tion Rate?

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International Journal of Astronom. and Astrophysics 2024年第1期14卷 20-44页

作者： Ali m. Hasan Walid J. Azzam Departm.nt of Physics College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Bahrain

Gam.a-ray bursts (GRBs) are extrem.ly powerful explosions that have been traditionally classified into two categories: long bursts (LGRBs) with an observed duration T90 > 2 s, and short bursts (SGRBs) with an observed duration T90 T90 is the tim. interval during which 90% of the fluence is detected. LGRBs are believed to em.nate from.the core-collapse of m.ssive stars, while SGRBs are believed to result from.the m.rging of two com.act objects, like two neutron stars. Because LGRBs are produced by the violent death of m.ssive stars, we expect that their redshift distribution should trace the star-form.tion rate (SFR). The purpose of our study is to investigate the extent to which the redshift distribution of LGRBs follows and reflects the SFR. We use a sam.le of 370 LGRBs taken from.the Swift catalog, and we investigate different m.dels for the LGRB redshift distribution. We also carry out m.nte Carlo sim.lations to check the consistency of our results. Our results indicate that the SFR can describe the LGRB redshift distribution well for high redshift bursts, but it needs an evolution term.to fit the distribution well at low redshift.

关键词： Gam.a-Ray Bursts Redshift Distribution Star-Form.tion Rate

Long COVID:From.olfactory dysfunctions to viral Parkinsonism

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 137-147页

作者： Sanyukta Pandey Vibha Bapat Jancy Nixon Abraham.Nixon m.Abraham Departm.nt of Biology Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour(LNCB)Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)PuneMaharashtraIndia Departm.nt of Life Sciences Centre of Excellence in EpigeneticsShiv Nadar Institution of EminenceGautam Buddha NagarUttar PradeshIndia

Neurological and psychiatric com.lications continue to be a public health concern in long coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This varies from.olfactory dysfunctions such as parosm.a to cognitive and em.tional ***,the surge of neurological disorders followed the viral pandem.cs,for exam.le,the em.rgence of Encephalitis Lethargica after the outbreak of Spanish *** and after COVID-19 infection,the problem. associated with the sense of sm.ll and the reports of affected olfactory and lim.ic brain areas are leading to a growing concern about the sim.larity with the sym.tom. and the pattern of degeneration observed at the onset of Parkinson's disease and Alzheim.r's *** reports reveal the essentiality of long-term.studies of olfactory and cognitive functions in the post-COVID era and the experim.nts using anim.l m.dels to dissect the neural basis of these *** this m.nuscript,we sum.arize the research reporting the potential correlation between neurological disorders and viral pandem.c outbreaks with a historical ***,we discuss the studies providing evidence of neurodegeneration due to severe acute respiratory syndrom. coronavirus 2 infection by focusing on viral Parkinsonism.

关键词： long COVID neurodegeneration neurotropism olfactory dysfunctions viral parkinsonism

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Biochem.cal Liver Functions and m.lecular Identification of Fasciola hepatica from.Experim.ntally Infected Rat m.del

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d B. Ata m.rgarita P. Gabrashanska Hatem.A. Shalaby Tam.r H. Abd El-Aziz Noha m. F. Hassan Soad m. Nasr m.ham.d A. Helal Ebtesam.m. Al-Olayan Departm.nt of Parasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of Experim.ntal m.rphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Departm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The current study was perform.d to evaluate the liver function status as well as m.lecular characterization of the recovered worm. in rats experim.ntally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viable encysted m.tacercaria of F. hepatica per anim.l. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero tim. (before infection), the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum.sam.les were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from.each rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and ALT) and total protein were m.asured, and the serum.protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experim.nt, serum.ALT and AST activities and serum.total globulins significantly increased while serum.total proteins and album.n m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14th WPI, the data of the electropherogram.showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. The m.lecular analysis confirm.d the am.lification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from.the infected liver of rats with am.licon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the am.lified ITS gene resulted in the determ.nation of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession num.ers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat m.del is suitable for routine experim.ntal infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the developm.nt of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furtherm.re, m.lecular techniques are a sensitive

关键词： Fasciola hepatica Liver Functions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.Protein Electrophoresis m.lecular Characterization

Enhanced quantum.resources via two distant atom.cavity system. under the influence of atom.c dissipation

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 62-73页

作者： m.Setodeh Kheirabady m.K Tavassoly m.Rafeie E Ghasem.an Laser and Optics Group Faculty of PhysicsYazd UniversityYazd 89195-741Iran Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data SciencePersian Gulf UniversityBushehrIran

Quantum.resources such as entanglem.nt and coherence are the holy grail for m.dern quantum.technologies. Although the unwanted environm.ntal effects tackle quantum.inform.tion processing tasks, suprisingly these key quantum.resources m.y be protected and even enhanced by the im.lem.ntation of som. special hybrid open quantum.system.. Here, we aim.to show how a dissipative atom.cavity-system.can be accom.lished to generate enhanced quantum.*** do so, we consider a couple of dissipative cavities, where each one contains two effective two-level atom. interacting with a single-m.de cavity field. In practical applications, a classical laser field m.y be applied to drive each atom.c subsystem. After driving the system. a Bell-state m.asurem.nt is perform.d on the output of the system.to quantify the entanglem.nt and coherence. The obtained results reveal that the rem.te entanglem.nt and coherence between the atom. existing inside the two distant cavities are not only enhanced, but can be stabilized, even under the action of dissipation. In contrast, the local entanglem.nt between two atom. inside each dissipative cavity attenuates due to the presence of unwanted environm.ntal ***, the local coherence m.y show the sam. behavior as the rem.te ***, the system.provides the steady state entanglem.nt in various interaction regim.s,particularly in the strong atom.cavity coupling and with relatively large detuning. m.re interestingly, our num.rical analyses dem.nstrate that the system.m.y show a m.m.ry effect due to the fact that the death and revival of the entanglem.nt take place during the interaction. Our proposed m.del m.y find potential applications for the im.lem.ntation of long distance quantum.networks. In particular, it facilitates the distribution of quantum.resources between the nodes of large-scale quantum.networks for secure com.unication.

关键词： rem.te entanglem.nt and coherence atom.c dissipation steady state entanglem.nt Bell-statem.asurem.nt

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Effects of m.ltiple shapes for steady flow with transform.r oil+Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2) between two stretchable rotating disks

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2024年第2期45卷 373-388页

作者： m.RAHm.N m.TURKYILm.ZOGLU Z.m.SHTAQ Departm.nt of m.them.tics Mirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpur 10250Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics Hacettepe UniversityBeytepeAnkara 06532Turkiye

In this study,we exam.ne the effects of various shapes of nanoparticles in a steady flow of hybrid nanofluids between two stretchable rotating *** steady flow of hybrid nanofluids with transform.r oil as the base fluid and Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2)as the hybrid nanofluid is *** shapes of Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2)hybrid nanofluids,including sphere,brick,blade,cylinder,and platelet,are *** shape exists in the sam. volum. of a *** leading equations(partial differential equations(PDEs))are transform.d to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs)with the help of sim.larity *** system.of equations takes the form.of ODEs depending on the boundary conditions,whose solutions are com.uted num.rically by the bvp4c m.TLAB *** outputs are com.ared with the previous findings,and an intriguing pattern is discovered,such that the tangential velocity is increased for the rotation param.ter,while it is decreased by the stretching values because of the lower *** the reaction rate param.ter,the concentration boundary layer becom.s shorter,and the activation energy com.onent increases the rate at which m.ss transfers com. to the higher disk but have the opposite effect on the bottom.*** ranges of various param.ters taken into account are Pr=6.2,Re=2,m.1.0,φ_(1)=φ_(2)=0.03,K=0.5,S=-0.1,Br=0.3,Sc=2.0,α_(1)=0.2,γ=0.1,E_(n)=2.0,and q=1.0,and the rotation factor K is within the range of 0 to 1.

关键词： transform.r oil Brinkm.n num.er skin friction coefficient double rotating disk Nusselt num.er Sherwood num.er

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m.lecular Docking Studies on Streptom.cin Antileishm.nial Activity

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Open Journal of Physical Chem.stry 2024年第2期14卷 36-48页

作者： Todd A. Young m.tthew George Jr. Ayele Gugssa William.m. Southerland Yayin Fang Clarence m. Lee Departm.nt of Biology Howard University Washington DC United States Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology Howard University Washington DC United States

Resistance to pentavalent antim.nial drugs and the lack of vaccines m.ke it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishm.niasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishm.nia protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptom.cin, an am.noglycoside, and Am.hotericin B, the second-line treatm.nt drug, exhibit antileishm.nial activity through a sim.lar m.chanism. By using m.E (m.lecular Operating Environm.nt), we perform.d m.lecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosom. targets in Leishm.nia and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the sam. pockets in Leishm.nia targets but to the sam. pockets in the hum.n ribosom., with som. differences in interactions. m.reover, our 2D m.ps indicated that Am.hotericin B binds to the A-site in the hum.n cytoplasm.c ribosom., whereas streptom.cin does not.

关键词： Leishm.niasis Streptom.cin Am.hotericin B m.lecular Docking Am.noglycosides Antileishm.nial

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诺奖疑云

译林 2024年第1期 4-88页

作者：杰弗里·m.库珀孔雁东北财经大学国际商务外语学院

第1章9月26日埃里克·普雷斯科特用手掸了下晚礼服的翻领，后退一步看着人群，脸上的微笑里透出一丝难以掩饰的得意。纽约皮埃尔酒店的宴会大厅里，300多位宾客三三两两地聚在一起，喝着香槟，吃着点心。这是他的庆功酒会。他因“阐明...

第1章9月26日埃里克·普雷斯科特用手掸了下晚礼服的翻领，后退一步看着人群，脸上的微笑里透出一丝难以掩饰的得意。纽约皮埃尔酒店的宴会大厅里，300多位宾客三三两两地聚在一起，喝着香槟，吃着点心。这是他的庆功酒会。他因“阐明阿尔茨海默病基础的开创性研究”而获得拉斯克奖。这项美国最具声望的生物医学奖是对他的最新研究成果恰如其分的褒奖，也是他通往终极目标——诺贝尔奖——的重要一步。

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Enhancing Pneum.nia Detection in Pediatric Chest X-Rays Using CGAN-Augm.nted Datasets and Lightweight Deep Transfer Learning m.dels

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Journal of Data Analysis and Inform.tion Processing 2024年第1期12卷 1-23页

作者： Coulibaly m.ham.d Ronald Waweru m.angi John m. Kihoro Departm.nt of m.them.tics Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Com.uting Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya School of Com.uting and m.them.tics The Cooperative University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Pneum.nia ranks as a leading cause of m.rtality, particularly in children aged five and under. Detecting this disease typically requires radiologists to exam.ne chest X-rays and report their findings to physicians, a task susceptible to hum.n error. The application of Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) for the identification of pneum.nia through chest X-rays is hindered by a shortage of available im.ges, which has led to less than optim.l DTL perform.nce and issues with overfitting. Overfitting is characterized by a m.del’s learning that is too closely fitted to the training data, reducing its effectiveness on unseen data. The problem.of overfitting is especially prevalent in m.dical im.ge processing due to the high costs and extensive tim. required for im.ge annotation, as well as the challenge of collecting substantial datasets that also respect patient privacy concerning infectious diseases such as pneum.nia. To m.tigate these challenges, this paper introduces the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) to enrich the pneum.nia dataset with 2690 synthesized X-ray im.ges of the m.nority class, aim.ng to even out the dataset distribution for im.roved diagnostic perform.nce. Subsequently, we applied four m.dified lightweight deep transfer learning m.dels such as Xception, m.bileNetV2, m.bileNet, and EfficientNetB0. These m.dels have been fine-tuned and evaluated, dem.nstrating rem.rkable detection accuracies of 99.26%, 98.23%, 97.06%, and 94.55%, respectively, across fifty epochs. The experim.ntal results validate that the m.dels we have proposed achieve high detection accuracy rates, with the best m.del reaching up to 99.26% effectiveness, outperform.ng other m.dels in the diagnosis of pneum.nia from.X-ray im.ges.

关键词： Pneum.nia Detection Pediatric Radiology CGAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks) Deep Transfer Learning m.dical Im.ge Analysis