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Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8638-8646页

作者： Peter L moses Khalid m AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D mitty m stanley branch Thomas E Kowalski myriam martel Viviane Adam Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Vermont Division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health Center mcGill University Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Health Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon Division of Gastroenterology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

AIm:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEmS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary ***:multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEmS)or a 10 French *** patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university *** endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 *** analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive ***:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEmS group and 83patients were available for *** to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEmS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=*** to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEmS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of *** an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were ***:Partially covered SEmS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life.

关键词： Randomized Biliary Obstruction Stent Plastic metal Palliative Common bile duct

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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso stanley F. Kelley marcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDmD In Vitro Cervids

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self

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Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 43-51页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Johanna F Shapiro Cynthia Haq Jéssica R B Leao Donald E Nease Jr Liz Grant Stewart W mercer John C m Gillies Pablo González Blasco maria Auxiliadora C De Benedetto Graziela moreto marcelo R Levites Jennifer E DeVoe William R Phillips Jane m Uygur Thomas R Egnew Colette S stanley Family and Preventive medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family medicine University of California Irvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA Faculty of medicine University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Family medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK SOBRAmFA-medical Education and Humanism Sao PauloBrazil Family medicine Oregon Health&Science University School of MedicinePortlandOregonUSA Family medicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA General Practice Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland General Internal medicine Geriatrics&Palliative MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA

Storylines of Family medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self’,authors present the following sections:‘Reflective practice in action’,‘The doctor as drug—Balint groups’,‘Cultivating compassion’,‘Towards a humanistic approach to doctoring’,‘Intimacy in family medicine’,‘The many faces of suffering’,‘Transcending suffering’and‘The power of listening to stories.’may readers feel a deeper sense of their own therapeutic agency by reflecting on these essays.

关键词： illustration dimensions suffering

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Earth system history / Steven m. stanley. United States：

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1999年

作者： Steven m. stanley.

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Paleoecological Response of Corals to the End-Triassic mass Extinction： An Integrational Analysis

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第4期29卷 879-885页

作者： George D stanley Jr Hannah m E Shepherd Autumn J Robinson University of montana Paleontology Center Missoula MT 59812 USA

The end-Triassic （also Triassic-Jurassic） mass extinction severely affected life on planet Earth 200 million years ago. Paleoclimate change triggered by the volcanic eruptions of the Central Atlantic magmatic Province （CAmP） caused a great loss of marine biodiversity, among which 96% coral genera were get lost. However, there is precious little detail on the paleoecology and growth forms lost between the latest Triassic extinction and the Early Jurassic recovery. Here a new pilot study was conducted by analyzing corallite integration levels among corals from the latest Triassic and Early Jurassic times. Integration levels in corals from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic were determined through both the Paleobiology Database as well as from a comprehensive museum collection of fossil corals. Results suggest that in addition to a major loss of diversity following the end-Triassic mass extinction, there also was a significant loss of highly integrated corals as clearly evidenced by the coral data from the Early Jurassic. This confirms our hypothesis of paleoecological selectivity for corals following the end-Triassic mass extinction. This study highlights the importance of assigning sim- ple to advanced paleoecological characters with integration levels, which opens a useful approach to understanding of mass extinction and the dynamics of the recovery.

关键词： coral loss integration level end-Triassic mass extinction paleoecology

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Clinical potential of tensionlengthening strategies during nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 779-780页

作者： stanley Bazarek Justin m.Brown Sameer B.Shah Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Brigham&Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Bioengineering University of California-San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

A(very)brief history of tension in nerve repair:Successful nerve repair is achieved by conveying as many axons successfully to their targets as ***,this is best achieved through a direct end-to-end repair under minimal tension(millesi,1986).However,this is not feasible in most cases of trauma,where a segment of tissue damage must be excised and *** has most commonly been addressed with the use of nerve grafts to bridge the *** nerve grafts are considered the gold standard,with allograft or synthetic substitutes demonstrating some success over shorter *** their utility,autologous grafts pose challenges of their *** include functional deficit in the donor distribution(typically sensory),extended operative duration,additional scarring,and a lack of intrinsic blood *** are also a poor anatomical match for the stumps being bridged,both internally(disparate neuronal size and composition)as well as externally(often requiring cabled bundles to approximate the caliber of the nerve being repaired).Finally,unlike end-to-end repairs,autologous grafts also require axons to traverse a second repair interface,where a large proportion of axons are lost across the anatomical discontinuity.

关键词： tension repair overcome

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An Example Using Improved Lefschetz Duality

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Chinese Annals of mathematics,Series B 2017年第6期38卷 1269-1274页

作者： Pascal LAmBRECHTS Jeremy LANE Donald stanley Pascal Lambrechts Institut Mathmatique Universit de Louvain Department of mathemtics University of Toronto Department of mathematics and Statistics University of Regina

A theorem of Lambrechts and stanley is used to find the rational cohomology of the complement of an embedding S^(4n-1)→ S^(2n)× S^m as a module and demonstrate that it is not necessarily determined by the map induced on cohomology by the embedding, nor is it a trivial extension. This demonstrates that the theorem is an improvement on the classical Lefschetz duality.

关键词： Lefschetz duality Embedding Extension problem

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Propagation of Low Temperature-Adapted Hepatitis A Virus in BSC-1 Cell Culture

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中国医科大学学报 1989年第S2期18卷 54-59页

作者：王兆荃 stanley m Lemon Infectious Disease Research Unit The Third Affiliated Hospital China Medical University Division of Infectious Diseases University of North Carolina USA.

Hepatitis A virus, Hm-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell *** of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridization. The results showed that, of the 7 low temperature-adapted(LTA) strains studied, strain E, F and D gave the highest titer in BSC-1 cell culture. This culture system was proved to be suitable for the study of the characteristic of temperature mutants of HAV.

关键词： titer Replication adapted cultivated supernatant supplemented enterovirus instead labeled elevated

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Growth Inhibition Occurs Independently of Cell mortality in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Exposed to High Cadmium Concentrations

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第3期50卷 300-310页

作者： Christine Delpre stanley Lutts Unitde Biologie vgtale Universitcatholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Unitde Biologie vgtale Universit catholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium

In order to analyze the adaptation potential of tomato shoots to a sudden increase in Cd concentration, tomato plants （Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Ailsa Craig） were exposed under controlled environmental conditions to a high dose of this heavy metal （250 μm CdCl2） in nutrient solution for 7 and 14d. Both root and shoot growth was completely inhibited but all plants remained alive until the end of the treatment. Cell viability remained unaffected but the activity of the mitochondrial alternative pathway was stimulated by Cd stress at the expense of the cytochrome pathway. Cadmium concentration was higher in roots than in shoots and a decrease in the rate of net Cd translocation was noticed during the second week of stress. Cadmium decreased both leaf conductance （gl） and chlorophyll concentration. However, the effect on net CO2 assimilation remained limited and soluble sugars accumulated in leaves. Photochemical efficiency of PSII （FvlFm） was not affected despite a decrease in the number of reaction centers and an inhibition of electron transfer to acceptors of PSII. It is concluded that tomato shoot may sustain short term exposure to high doses of cadmium despite growth inhibition. This property implies several physiological strategies linked to both avoidance and tolerance mechanisms.

关键词： cadmium chlorophyll fluorescence growth heavy metal toxicity Lycopersicon esculentum tomato

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LEAD POISONING IN ANCIENT ROmE: THE STATE OF THE QUESTION

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2022年第2期37卷 225-246,276页

作者： stanley m.Burstein Caleb E.Finch California State University Los Angeles The University of Southern California

Introduction Lead pollution as a significant health hazard appears frequently in the news,sometimes spectacularly so as in the case of the recent contamination of the watersupplyof the cityof Flint,michiganbecause of itsuse inlead pipes in the system.'As a result,it is easy to assume that environmental lead pollution is a recent problem,but that is not the *** exposure is,in fact.

关键词： pollution Flint pipes

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