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ZnCl2 Enhanced Acid Hydrolysis of Pretreated Corncob for Glucose Production:Kinetics,Thermodynamics and Optimization Analysis

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2019年第3期4卷 15-24页

作者： A I ADEOGUN B E AGBOOLA m a idowu T A SHITTU Department of Chemistry Federal University of AgricultureAbeokuta Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of AgricultureAbeokuta

The biomass of agricultural wastes as a source of fermentable sugars for biofuels production will address the food security and environmental preservation *** wastes are rich in lignocellulosic materials which can be hydrolyzed into fermentable ***,low sugar yield and high energy consumption are some of the challenges faced in the process of *** study investigated the low-cost corncob substrate for glucose production by dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis in the presence of ZnCl_(2) at temperatures below 100℃after pretreatment with 10%*** dependent hydrolysis data were analyzed by Saeman model,thermodynamic parameters were obtained using Erying and Arrhenius equations while Box-Behnken model(Design Expert 6.0 version)was used for experimental *** the substrate concentration increased from 50 mg/L to 150 mg/L,glucose yield increased from 10.4 mg/g to 14.6 mg/g for pretreated corncob while an increase from 3.4 mg/g to 8.6 mg/g was noted for untreated *** hydrolysis rate constant was two orders of magnitude higher than the degradation rate *** parameters revealed endothermic process with positive Gibb’s free energy of hydrolysis having average values of 84.76 kJ/mol and 79.87 kJ/mol for pretreated and untreated samples *** optimum yield from the model was found to be 177.44 mg/g with 3.94%H_(2)SO_(4) and 0.43 mol/L ZnCl_(2) for 200 g/L compared with optimum yield of 46.37 mg/g obtainable without ZnCl_(2).The results of this study showed that the alkaline pretreatment of corncob increased the accessibility of cellulose from the solid fraction and increase glucose production.

关键词： hydrolysis Saeman’s model Erying equation Box Behnken model design expert alkaline pretreatment

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The Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Yields and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of <i>Solanum macrocarpon</i>and <i>Solanum scabrum</i>in Southwest Nigeria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 562-570页

作者： m. K. idowu D. J. Oyedele O. K. Adekunle Department of Soil Science and Land Resources management Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Crop Production and Protection Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum are good sources of vitamin, minerals, protein, anti-oxidants and fiber in southwest Nigeria. The study examined the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum in Iwaro-Oka, Ondo State in southwest Nigeria in 2014 and 2015. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial arranged into a randomized complete block design with four rates of urea-N drilled at 0, 40, 80 and 160 kg/ha and replicated four times. Each plot was 3 m × 2 m with space of 1 m between plots. Vegetable seeds were planted by drilling. Fresh shoot and dry matter yields were determined. Nitrogen content and uptake were determined, and nitrogen use efficiency estimated. The result showed that average dry matter weight for S. macrocarpon was 228 kg/ha and S. scabrum was 6116 kg/ha. Average nitrogen uptake was 5.90 kg/h and 158.60 kg/ha for S. macrocarpon and S. scabrum, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiencies were 6.48 kg/ha, 0.15 kg/ha and 0.1 kg/ha for S. macrocarpon and 87.33 kg/ha, 26.14 kg/ha and 24.35 kg/ha for S. scabrum at 40, 80 and 160 kg N/ha, respectively. Negative values were obtained for N-recovery for S. macrocarpon while S. scabrum gave 5.85%, 2.10% and 1.44% at 40, 80 and 160 kg N/ha, respectively. The study concluded that S. scabrum had higher nitrogen use efficiency in the soil than S. macrocarpon and that highest NUE and N recovery were obtained at 40 kg N/ha.

关键词： Underutilized Vegetables Soil Fertility Plant moisture Content

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Differential Response of Biomass Production and Nitrogen Uptake of Vegetable Amaranth to Two Types of Poultry manure from Nigeria and Canada

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 694-711页

作者： F. T. Olatoberu m. K. idowu J. A. Adepetu O. O. Akinremi Department of Soil Science and Land Resources management Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria Department of Soil Science University of manitoba Manitoba Canada

Amaranthus cruentus is one of the sixty Amaranthus species of world. It is widely grown as a green leafy vegetable and for its grain in many tropical countries of Africa, Central and South American, Canada, mexico and parts of Asia. Depleted soil fertility under intensive cultivation is a major limitation to production of the vegetable. The study investigated the effects of two types of poultry manure on biomass yield and nutrient uptake of Amaranth cruentus in a greenhouse at the University of manitoba, Winnipeg, manitoba, Canada in 2011. The experiment was a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arranged into a Randomized Completely Block Design and replicated three times. The factors were two soil types, two sources of poultry manure and urea, and N rates at 0, 60 and 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1. Nitrogen uptake by the plants that treated with poultry manure from Canada (PmC) and Urea was 172.5 vs. 171.4 mg⋅pot−1 and 169.5 vs. 163.7 mg⋅pot−1 respectively which were significantly greater than the poultry manure from Nigeria (PmN), 100.6 mg⋅pot−1 and 110.0 mg⋅pot−1 for Red River and Glenhope soil series, respectively. Nitrogen uptake was similar at the N rates of 60 and 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 (140.7 vs. 155.6 mg⋅pot−1) in the Red River soil, while N uptake at 120 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 was greater than at 60 kg⋅N⋅ha−1 in Glenhope soil. Shoot dry matter of the vegetable grown in soils treated with PmC and urea was significantly greater than from PmN in Red River soil (10.1, 9.6 and 6.7 g⋅pot−1) and in Glenhope soil (8.8, 8.1 and 6.4 g⋅pot−1). Phosphorus, K, Ca and mg uptake at 60 and 120 kg⋅

关键词： Amaranth Poultry manure Urea Soil Properties Biomass Yield and Nutrients Uptake

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An extended sparsemax-linearmoving model with application to high-frequency financial data

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2017年第1期1卷 92-111页

作者： Timothy idowu Zhengjun Zhang Department of Statistics University ofWisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

There continues to be unfading interest in developing parametric max-stable processes for modelling tail dependencies and clustered extremes in time series ***,this comes with some difficulties mainly due to the lack of models that fit data directly without transforming the data and the barriers in estimating a significant number of parameters in the existing *** thiswork,we study the use of the sparsemaxima ofmovingmaxima(m3)*** introducing random effects and hidden Fréchet type shocks into the process,we get an extended maxlinear *** extended model then enables us to model cases of tail dependence or independence depending on parameter *** present some unique properties including mirroring the dependence structure in real data,dealing with the undesirable signature patterns found in most parametricmax-stable processes,and being directly applicable to real *** inference approach is developed for the proposed model,and it is applied to simulated and real data.

关键词： Extreme value theory max-stable processes time series Bayesian inference max-linear models high-frequency financial data

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Antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical properties of two medicinal plants against the wound infecting bacteria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第9期7卷 817-825页

作者： idowu Jonas Sagbo Anthony Jide Afolayan Graeme Bradley Department of Botany University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa Department of Biochemistry and microbiology University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical properties of ethanol extracts of Brachylaena elliptica and Brachylaena ilicifolia against wound infecting bacteria normally found in diabetic ***: The in vitro antioxidant activity of the two plants extracts were investigated spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) and ferric reducing power. The antibacterial assay and minimum inhibitory concentration(mIC) was determined using the agar dilution method against five bacteria strains using amoxycillin and ciprofloxacin as positive control. The phytochemical analyses(tannins,total phenol, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidin, alkaloids and saponins) were assessed using standard ***: The ethanol extract of both plants exhibited strong antioxidant activities in some cases when compared to the standards(vitamin C and BHT). The antibacterial activity of both plants showed an appreciable broad spectrum activity against these wound pathogens with mIC value ranges between 0.3 mg/m L and 5 mg/m L. Tannins,phenols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins and alkaloids content of B. ilicifolia were significantly higher than those in B. elliptica. However, there were no significant differences in the flavanoid content of both plants ***: These results indicated that the ethanol leaf extracts of these plants have antioxidant and antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria possibly due to the presence of bioactive compounds and therefore could be used as alternative therapy against wound infection caused by these bacteria in diabetic patients.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Antioxidant Phytochemical Brachylaena elliptica Brachylaena ilicifolia Wound

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Functional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum Linn) seed protein fractions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 32-47页

作者： Atinuke O.idowu Adeola m.Alashi Ifeanyi D.Nwachukwu Tayo N.Fagbemi Rotimi E.Aluko Department of Food Science and Technology College of Basic and Applied SciencesMountain Top UniversityKm12Lagos-Ibadan ExpresswayMakogi-ObaOgun StateNigeria Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences University of Manitoba190 Dysart RoadWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Center for Nutrition&Healthy Lifestyles School of Public HealthLoma Linda University24951 North Circle DriveLoma LindaCA 92350USA Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of TechnologyAkureP.M.B.704AkureNigeria Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals University of Manitoba196 Innovation DriveWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada

This work evaluated the functional properties of sesame protein fractions in order to determine their potential in food *** seed protein fractions were prepared according to their solubility:water-soluble(albumin),salt-soluble(globulin),alkaline-soluble(glutelin)and ethanol-soluble(prolamin).Globulin was the most abundant fraction,consisting of 91%protein,followed by glutelin,albumin and prolamin in decreasing ***-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)showed polypeptides of sizes≥20 kDa for albumin while glutelin and globulin had similar polypeptide sizes at 19,85 and 100 *** had polypeptide sizes 20,40 and 100 *** albumin and globulin fractions had higher intrinsic fluorescence intensity(FI)values than the *** had a higher solubility(ranging from 80 to 100%)over a wide pH range when compared with the other *** holding capacity(g/g)reduced from 2.76(glutelin)to 1.35(prolamin)followed by 0.42(globulin)and 0.08(albumin).Oil holding capacity(g/g)reduced from:4.13(glutelin)to 2.57(globulin)and 1.56,1.50 for albumin and prolamin *** ability was stronger for prolamin and glutelin than albumin and globulin,while higher emulsion(pmin and albumin than for glutelin and globulin.

关键词： Sesame seed Protein fractions Functional properties Foaming capacity SDS-PAGE

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In-situ formation characteristic, tribological characterization and anti-corrosion properties of quaternary composites films

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Transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2014年第10期24卷 3170-3180页

作者： Ojo Sunday Isaac FAYOmI Abimbola Patricia idowu POPOOLA Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringTshwane University of TechnologyP.M.B. X680 Pretoria South Africa

Improvements of wear and corrosion properties are essential characteristic in engineering application. A study was made on the structure, electro-oxidation and properties of fabricated Zn-Al-SnO 2-Ti O2（Zn-Al-Sn-Ti） thin films using electrodeposition technique from chloride bath. The microstructural studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy with attached energy dispersive spectrometer（SEm-EDS）, optical microscopy（OPm） and X-ray diffractogram（XRD）. The electrochemical oxidation and erosion behavior in 3.65% Na Cl medium were studied by potentiodynamic polarization technique and characterized by atomic force microscopy（AFm）. The hardness and wear behavior of the electrodeposited film were performed by high diamond dura scan microhardness tester and CERT UmT-2 reciprocating sliding machine. It was found that a successful co-deposition of composite and particle were attained. Homogeneous imbedded grain structure distribution and fine refinement of crystal with improved micromechanical behavior was achieved. The corrosion resistance, hardness and wear stability resistance of the fabricated quaternary films improved significantly in all varied process parameter.

关键词： co-deposition microstructural evolution anti-corrosion property composite materials

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Assessment of the performance of the TOPGNSS and ANN-mB antennas for ionospheric measurements using low-cost u-blox GNSS receivers

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 291-301页

作者： Daniel Okoh Aderonke Obafaye Oluwakemi Dare-idowu Babatunde Rabiu Anton Kashcheyev Claudio Cesaroni John Bosco Habarulema Bruno Nava United Nations African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education-English(UN-ARCSSTE-E) Obafemi Awolowo University CampusIle IfeNigeria National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology(INGV) 00143 RomeItaly Institute for Space Science and Engineering African University of Science and TechnologyAbujaNigeria University of New Brunswick FrederictonCanada South African National Space Agency(SANSA) P.O Box 32Hermanus 7200South Africa Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University6140 MakhandaSouth Africa The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera11I-34151 TriesteItaly

Low-cost GNSS receivers have recently been gaining reliability as good candidates for ionospheric studies. In line with these gains are genuine concerns about improving the performance of these receivers. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation of the performances of two antennas(the u-blox ANN-mB and the TOPGNSS TOP-106) used on a low-cost GNSS receiver known as the u-blox ZED-F9P. The two antennas were installed on two identical and co-located u-blox receivers. Data used from both receivers cover the period from January to June 2022. Results from the study indicate that the signal strengths are dominantly greater for the receiver with the TOPGNSS antenna than for the receiver with the ANN-mB antenna, implying that the TOPGNSS antenna is better than the ANN-mB antenna in terms of providing greater signal strengths. Summarily, the TOPGNSS antenna also performed better in minimizing the occurrence of cycle slips on phase TEC measurements. There are no conspicuous differences between the variances(computed as 5-min standard deviations) of phase TEC measurements for the two antennas, except for a period around may-June when the TOPGNSS gave a better performance in terms of minimizing the variances in phase TEC. Remarkably, the ANN-mB antenna gave a better performance than the TOPGNSS antenna in terms of minimizing the variances in pseudorange TEC for some satellite observations. For precise horizontal(North and East) positioning, the receiver with the TOPGNSS antenna gave better results, while the receiver with the ANN-mB antenna gave better vertical(Up) positioning. The errors for the receivers of both antennas are typically within about 5 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller than 1 m) in the horizontal direction and within about 10 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller than 4 m) in the vertical direction.

关键词： GNSS Ionosphere Low-cost Antenna TOPGNSS U-blox

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A Cytogenetic Analysis of Enteromius parablabes (Daget, 1957) from Aho Stream, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Genetics 2022年第3期12卷 25-32页

作者： michael Olaoluwa Popoola Oluwatomisin Awe idowu Isaac Adeniran Department of Zoology Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

In this study, Enteromius parablabes [1] was analyzed with the aim of providing baseline information regarding the diploid chromosome number and karyotype differences of both sexes. The diploid chromosome number (2n) was 50 for both sexes, and this corresponds to the diploid chromosome number reported for most small African Barbus species. The fundamental number (NFa) of the male and female was 81 and 98 respectively. The first pair of metaphase chromosomes which has been suggested to be a marker for the small African Barbus group was conspicuously larger in the female karyotype. The karyotype of the female consisted more of metacentric (39m + 7sm + 2st + 2t) which is common in the group while the karyotype of the male which consisted more of telocentric chromosomes (10m + 21st + 19T) is scarce. The chromosomal number obtained for E. parablabes demonstrates its diploid status in the context of the ploidy lines characteristic of the African Barbus assemblage.

关键词： Karyotype Barbus Taxonomy Africa Chromosome

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Evaluating for unrecognized deficits in perimetry associated with functional upper eyelid malposition

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2024年第1期4卷 39-44页

作者： Linyan Wang Davin C.Ashraf michael Deiner Oluwatobi O.idowu Seanna R.Grob Bryan J.Winn m Reza Vagefi Robert C.Kersten Department of Ophthalmology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina Department of Ophthalmology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA Department of Ophthalmology Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUSA Department of Ophthalmology Tufts Medical CenterBostonUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA

Objective:To investigate whether functional upper eyelid malposition is associated with unrecognized deficits in automated perimetry among glaucoma patients by examining patients undergoing eyelid surgery who had not been identified as requiring eyelid taping during glaucoma field ***:In this retrospective pre-post study,an automated database search followed by manual chart review was used to identify eligible patients from January 2012 to march *** patients had reliable visual field testing within two years before and after functional upper blepharoplasty or ptosis repair and no comorbid ocular *** part of routine practice,glaucoma visual field technicians taped patients with pupil-obstructing eyelid malposition;taped examinations were excluded from *** and demographic characteristics,mean deviation,and pattern standard deviation were evaluated within a two year period before and after eyelid ***:The final analysis included 60 eyes of 38 *** in visual field parameters after eyelid surgery did not reach statistical significance in crude or adjusted *** patients with ptosis,the margin reflex distance-1 was not associated with change in mean deviation after surgery(Pearson R^(2)=0.0061;P=0.700).Five of 17 eyes excluded from analysis due to unreliable pre-operative visual fields demonstrated substantial improvement after ***:Functional upper eyelid malposition does not appear to cause spurious visual field abnormalities among glaucoma patients with reliable visual fields who were determined not to require eyelid taping at the time of their visual *** visual fields could be a sign of eyelid interference in this population.

关键词： Visual field Ptosis Dermatochalasis Glaucoma Perimetry Visually significant

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