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Targeting harmful effects of non-excitatory amino acids as an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2454-2463页

作者： Victoria Jiménez Carretero IrisÁlvarez-merz Jorge Hernández-Campano Sergei A.Kirov Jesús m.Hernández-Guijo Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic School of MedicineUniv.Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research(IRYCIS) Neurobiology-Research ServiceHospital Ramón y CajalMadridSpain Institute of Neurobiology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative medicine&Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is ***,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely *** release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the *** findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma *** amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during *** is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ***,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain *** these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.

关键词： cell swelling N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor non-excitatory amino acids stroke synaptic transmission

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Time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurement of C60 under high pressure and temperature using synchrotron radiation

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurement of C60 under hig...

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18th International Conference on High Pressure Science and Technology

作者： T.horikawa K.Suito m.Kobayashi A.Onodera Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka 560-8531Japan University of marketing and Distribution Sciences Nishi-kuKobe 651-2188Japan

Various high-pressure studies have been performedon fullerene(C)to investigate the effects of pressureto the fullerene *** example,very hardmaterials comparable to,or even harder than,diamondcan be produced[1,2,3].But the structure ormechanism of such materials are not yet *** these results have been all derived frompost-compression investigations,so in situ observationis required to know the structure and mechanism ofhard materials derived from fullerene in more detail. Powder C (99.9% purity,mER Co.)was used as astarting *** experiments the sample wasdried at 200℃ and 10 Torr for 24 hrs to *** sample was packed into a tube made *** was used as a pressure *** hightemperature a pair of graphite discs was ***

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The Adenosine Receptor Agonist 5’-N-Ethylcarboxamide-Adenosine Increases mouse Serum Total Homocysteine Levels, Which Is a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第10期6卷 461-470页

作者： Shigeko Fujimoto Sakata Koichi matsuda Yoko horikawa Yasuto Sasaki Faculty of Nutrition Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan

An increase in total homocysteine (Hcy) levels (protein-bound and free Hcy in the serum) has been identified as a risk factor for vascular diseases. Hcy is a product of the methionine cycle and is a precursor of glutathione in the transsulfuration pathway. The methionine cycle mainly occurs in the liver, with Hcy being exported out of the liver and subsequently bound to serum proteins. When the non-specific adenosine receptor agonist 5’-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA;0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to mice that had been fasted for 16 h, total Hcy levels in the serum significantly increased 1 h after its administration. The NECA treatment may have inhibited transsulfuration because glutathione levels were significantly decreased in the liver. After the intraperitoneal administration of a high dose of NECA (0.3 mg/kg body weight), elevations in total Hcy levels in the serum continued for up to 10 h. The mRNA expression of methionine metabolic enzymes in the liver was significantly reduced 6 h after the administration of NECA. NECA-induced elevations in total serum Hcy levels may be maintained in the long term through the attenuated expression of methionine metabolic enzymes.

关键词： Adenosine 5’-N-Ethylcarboxamide-Adenosine Glutathione Homocysteine

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FRAX and Exercise: Should Exercise Be Categorized as a Risk Factor in Osteoporotic Patients

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第2期3卷 133-136页

作者： Akira horikawa Naohisa miyakoshi Yoichi Shimada Hiroyuki Kodama Department of Orthopedic Surgery Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Akita Japan. South Akita Orthopedic Clinic Katagami Japan

Although FRAX (WHO Fracture Risk assessment Tool), developed by the WHO, is a well-validated tool for determining the probability of a major osteoporotic fracture in the next 10 years, it doesn’t include a number of other impact factors such as exercise and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in FRAX between subjects with and without exercise habits or intake of calcium/coffee. A significant difference in FRAX was observed between the groups with respect to exercise (p m/coffee. Although exercise habits are not included in FRAX, our findings suggest that exercise status influenced other factors included in FRAX. Since exercise is reported to prevent falls and fall-related osteoporotic fractures, including exercise status in FRAX may be more effective for estimating the possibility of future fractures. Further investigation should be conducted to determine whether exercise status is an important risk factor, independent of FRAX, for osteoporotic fractures.

关键词： FRAX Exercise Osteoporosis

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macular microvascular and structural changes on optical coherence tomography angiography in atypical optic neuritis

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World Journal of methodology 2025年第1期15卷 88-94页

作者： Chinmay mahatme madhurima Kaushik Veerappan Rathinasabapathy Saravanan Karthik Kumar Virna m Shah Department of General Ophthalmology Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia Department of Neuro-ophthalmology Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia Department of Vitreoretina Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia

BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NmOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(mOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management *** and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated *** the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural *** To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic *** This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NmOSD and 17 mOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy *** vascular density(mVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using *** There was a significant reduction in mVD in NmOSD and mOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy *** and mOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy *** unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to mOGAD unaffected *** comparing NmOSD with mOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of mVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected *** Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NmOSD and mOGAD cases.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Atypical optic neuritis macular microvascular changes Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorder

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Getting physical with medical education:Exercise based virtual anatomy review classes for medical students

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World Journal of methodology 2025年第1期15卷 20-25页

作者： Nadeesha R Samarasinghe Taniya S Nagpal michele L Barbeau Charys m martin Division of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3ABCanada Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada

The benefits of regular physical activity are well ***,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary *** investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(mSK)anatomy course *** synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy *** fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously *** the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving mSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental *** participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of mSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce *** majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social ***,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement mSK course *** with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.

关键词： medical education musculoskeletal Anatomy Exercise Online learning

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ELABORATION OF GLOBAL-SCALE FOOD PRODUCTION mODEL FOR BETTER CORRECTION OF RICE PADDY

ELABORATION OF GLOBAL-SCALE FOOD PRODUCTION MODEL FOR BETTER...

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第19届国际灌排大会

作者： Yoshiyuki SHINOGI Naoki horikawa Kazumi YAmAOKA Laboratory Chief Laboratory of Upland Field National Institute for Rural Engineering（NIRE） Japan 2-1-6 Kannondai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8609 Japan Senior Researcher Laboratory of Agricultural Water management NIRE Japan Laboratory Chief Laboratory of Agricultural Water management NIRE Japan

＜正＞It is necessary to know the way and the extent to which the water issues such as water management, delivery, and demand affect food production. Simulation models such as ImPACT-WATER and PODIUm are useful tools mainly on non-paddy experience and cover larger areas at the global scale. Therefore, if differences exist between rice paddy and non-rice paddy in terms of water issues, it is important to properly reflect such differences in these types of models to improve the validity and availability. This is because rice is one of the main crops especially in southeastern and eastern Asia and almost 40% of the world’s water is used for rice production.

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Prevalence of Non-Responders to Both Oral Bisphosphonate monotherapy and Intravenous Ibandronate in Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第3期10卷 43-53页

作者： Naohisa miyakoshi Yuji Kasukawa michio Hongo Akira horikawa Yoichi Shimada Department of Orthopedic Surgery Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Hondo Akita Japan Igarashi memorial Hospital Tsuchizakiminato-Chuo Akita Japan

Objectives: Although bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective for the majority of patients with osteoporosis, some individuals do not adequately respond to these drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of true BP non-responders who showed insufficient response after both oral BPs and intravenous ibandronate. methods: Among 146 consecutive patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis who received oral BP monotherapy for more than 12 months, insufficient responders to oral BP monotherapy were switched to intravenous ibandronate injection and followed for more than 12 months. Serum N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) concentrations were measured. Patients who also showed insufficient response to intravenous ibandronate were defined as true BP non-responders. Insufficient response to BP therapy was evaluated based on the serum NTX reduction cut-off for minimum significant change. Results: Sixty-one patients (41.8%) were diagnosed as oral BP non-responders. Fourteen patients who switched to intravenous ibandronate and had complete data available were used for final analysis. After switching to intravenous ibandronate, both NTX and BAP decreased significantly (p Conclusion: These results estimated that as few as 9% - 15% (i.e., 21.4% - 35.7% of 41.8%) or as many as 24% - 27% (i.e., 57.1% - 64.3% of 41.8%) of patents might be true BP non-responders.

关键词： Bone Resorption Biphosphonates Ibandronic Acid Osteoporosis Prevalence

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Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis,learning,and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： mackenzie m.Spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu Alison N.DeVore marisol Lauffer Nilufer S.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy Rory A.Fisher Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa Neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in molecular medicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s *** hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s *** stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s ***,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse *** found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal *** hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing ***,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/memory neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)

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The Adenosine Receptor Agonist 5’-<i>N</i>-Ethylcarboxamide-Adenosine Increases Glucose 6-Phosphatase Expression and Gluconeogenesis

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第1期5卷 19-23页

作者： Koichi matsuda Yoko horikawa Yasuto Sasaki Shigeko F. Sakata Faculty of Nutrition Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan.

Intraperitoneal administration of the non-selective adenosine receptor agonist 5’-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA) (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) increased fasting serum glucose levels in mice. To clarify the mechanism responsible for this, the expression of liver glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase: a gluconeogenic enzyme) was analyzed, and it was found that G6Pase mRNA was increased by NECA treatment. Administration of 0.3 mg/kg NECA resulted in elevated serum glucose levels at 1 h and were further elevated at 6 h. Administration of 0.1 mg/kg NECA increased serum glucose levels at 1 h and had returned to control levels by 6 h. The increase in fasting serum glucose levels induced by NECA are thought to be caused, in part, by elevated G6Pase expression.

关键词： 5’-N-Ethylcarboxamide-Adenosine Glucose 6-Phosphatase Gluconeogenesis

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